Horse Head Lecture Flashcards
What n are important to be aware of when anesthetizing horse head?
Branches of trigeminal and facial n
What structures are innervated by the infraorbital n and inferior alveolar/mental n?
Infraorbital n=upper mouth/teeth
Inferior alveolar/mental n= cheek teeth and lower mouth
When blocking infraorbital n, what must be done?
Displace levator labii superioris m to find infraorbital foramen
How could you find mandibular foramen to block?
Imaginary intersection of lateral commisure of eye and level of cheek teeth.
MEDIAL SIDE
Auriculopalpebral n is a branch of?
Innervates?
Facial n
Eyelid m
Where should you block auriculopalpebral n?
Behind or in front of zygomatic arch
What may happen if horse head is improperly places in lateral recumbency?
Partial paralysis of dorsal and ventral buccal n
What are vasculature structures you can take a pulse on?
Transverse facial a
Facial a
Masseteric a
“False nostril”
nasal diverticulum
Trephine
Hand spiral saw that was used to open sinuses in horse head
Conchofrontal sinus made of
frontal sinus
Dorsal conchal sinus
Maxillary sinus made of
Caudal maxillary sinus
Rostral maxillary sinus
What are some minor sinuses?
Sphenopalatine
Ventral conchal
Middle conchal
What sinuses communicate with what?
Both maxillary sinuses communicate with middle nasal meatus
Rostral and caudal maxillary DO NOT communicate
Several sinuses communicate with caudal maxillary sinus
Frontal and dorsal conchal sinus communicate
Conchofrontal communicates with caudal maxillary
What are the 3 dilated v found deep to masseter
Transverse facial v
Deep facial v
Buccal v
Importance of dorsal and ventral boundary of the surgical access to maxillary sinus?
Dorsal
Protects nasolacrimal duct and contents of infraorbital canal
Ventral
Prevents venous dilations ventral to the facial crest
Surgical access boundaries to maxillary sinus
Ventral
Facal crest
Dorsal
Parallel to facial crest at level of infraorbital foramen
Rostral
Nasoincisive notch to find infraorbital foramen
Caudal
Medial commisure of eye
What should be avoided when passing nasogastric tube
Nasal diverticulum
Route of the nasogastric tube
Nostril (avoid nasal diverticulum Ventral meatus Nasopharynx Laryngopharynx Pharyngoesophageal limen Esophagus
Lampas
Irritation of gums…used to treat with hot iron
What is the space between cheek teeth and incisors?
Diastema (don’t put twitch here)
Conditions involving larynx
Laryngeal hemiplegia (roaring)
Epiglottic entrapment
Important muscles on cricothyroid
Cricoarytenoideus dorsalis
Cricothyroideus
What m abducts arytenoid cartilage to open glottis
Cricoarytenoideus
Explain relationship between arytenoid cartilage and vocal fold
The bottom of the vocal folds are the vocal processes which attach to the bottom of the arytenoid cartilated
What occupies the space that the thyroid notch creates?
Cricothyroid ligament
What muscles are manipulated during tie-back surgery to correct roaring
Thyropharyngeus
Cricopharyngeus
What is guttural pouch
Ventral diverticulum of auditory tube
What is the pharyngeal opening of auditory tube
plica salpingopharyngeal
Major structures in contact with guttural pouch
Retropharyngeal n (medial and lateral) Vagus n Glossopharyngeal n Cranial cervical ganglion Internal carotid a
How to tell difference btw medial and lateral compartement of guttural pouch
Stylohyoid bone will divide halves
Lateral is more muscular
Medial has internal carotid and glossopharyngeal n present and hangs down further
Surgical approach to guttural pouch
Viborg’s triangle
Borders of viborgs triangle
Sternomandibularis/Sternocephalicus
Linguofacial v
Ramus of mandible
Epiglottic entrapment
Xs mucosa covering and cartilage inverts itself
Sound difference between epiglottic entrapment and roaring
Epiglottic entrapment=Expiratory sound
Roaring=Inspiratory sound
Lengthy soft palate
Can cause dorsal displacement of soft palate on top of epiglottis
What could be damaged in the boundaries of the sinuses?
Dorsally-nasolacrimal duct and infraorbital n
Ventrally-venous dilations
