Horse Head Lecture

Question 1

What n are important to be aware of when anesthetizing horse head?

Answer 1

Branches of trigeminal and facial n

Question 2

What structures are innervated by the infraorbital n and inferior alveolar/mental n?

Answer 2

Infraorbital n=upper mouth/teeth

Inferior alveolar/mental n= cheek teeth and lower mouth

Question 3

When blocking infraorbital n, what must be done?

Answer 3

Displace levator labii superioris m to find infraorbital foramen

Question 4

How could you find mandibular foramen to block?

Answer 4

Imaginary intersection of lateral commisure of eye and level of cheek teeth.

MEDIAL SIDE

Question 5

Auriculopalpebral n is a branch of?

Innervates?

Answer 5

Facial n

Eyelid m

Question 6

Where should you block auriculopalpebral n?

Answer 6

Behind or in front of zygomatic arch

Question 7

What may happen if horse head is improperly places in lateral recumbency?

Answer 7

Partial paralysis of dorsal and ventral buccal n

Question 8

What are vasculature structures you can take a pulse on?

Answer 8

Transverse facial a
Facial a
Masseteric a

Question 9

“False nostril”

Answer 9

nasal diverticulum

Question 10

Trephine

Answer 10

Hand spiral saw that was used to open sinuses in horse head

Question 11

Conchofrontal sinus made of

Answer 11

frontal sinus

Dorsal conchal sinus

Question 12

Maxillary sinus made of

Answer 12

Caudal maxillary sinus

Rostral maxillary sinus

Question 13

What are some minor sinuses?

Answer 13

Sphenopalatine
Ventral conchal
Middle conchal

Question 14

What sinuses communicate with what?

Answer 14

Both maxillary sinuses communicate with middle nasal meatus

Rostral and caudal maxillary DO NOT communicate

Several sinuses communicate with caudal maxillary sinus

Frontal and dorsal conchal sinus communicate

Conchofrontal communicates with caudal maxillary

Question 15

What are the 3 dilated v found deep to masseter

Answer 15

Transverse facial v
Deep facial v
Buccal v

Question 16

Importance of dorsal and ventral boundary of the surgical access to maxillary sinus?

Answer 16

Dorsal
Protects nasolacrimal duct and contents of infraorbital canal

Ventral
Prevents venous dilations ventral to the facial crest

Question 17

Surgical access boundaries to maxillary sinus

Answer 17

Ventral
Facal crest

Dorsal
Parallel to facial crest at level of infraorbital foramen

Rostral
Nasoincisive notch to find infraorbital foramen

Caudal
Medial commisure of eye

Question 18

What should be avoided when passing nasogastric tube

Answer 18

Nasal diverticulum

Question 19

Route of the nasogastric tube

Answer 19

Nostril (avoid nasal diverticulum
Ventral meatus
Nasopharynx
Laryngopharynx
Pharyngoesophageal limen
Esophagus

Question 20

Lampas

Answer 20

Irritation of gums…used to treat with hot iron

Question 21

What is the space between cheek teeth and incisors?

Answer 21

Diastema (don’t put twitch here)

Question 22

Conditions involving larynx

Answer 22

Laryngeal hemiplegia (roaring)

Epiglottic entrapment

Question 23

Important muscles on cricothyroid

Answer 23

Cricoarytenoideus dorsalis

Cricothyroideus

Question 24

What m abducts arytenoid cartilage to open glottis

Answer 24

Cricoarytenoideus

Question 25

Explain relationship between arytenoid cartilage and vocal fold

Answer 25

The bottom of the vocal folds are the vocal processes which attach to the bottom of the arytenoid cartilated

Question 26

What occupies the space that the thyroid notch creates?

Answer 26

Cricothyroid ligament

Question 27

What muscles are manipulated during tie-back surgery to correct roaring

Answer 27

Thyropharyngeus | Cricopharyngeus

Question 28

What is guttural pouch

Answer 28

Ventral diverticulum of auditory tube

Question 29

What is the pharyngeal opening of auditory tube

Answer 29

plica salpingopharyngeal

Question 30

Major structures in contact with guttural pouch

Answer 30

``` Retropharyngeal n (medial and lateral) Vagus n Glossopharyngeal n Cranial cervical ganglion Internal carotid a ```

Question 31

How to tell difference btw medial and lateral compartement of guttural pouch

Answer 31

Stylohyoid bone will divide halves Lateral is more muscular Medial has internal carotid and glossopharyngeal n present and hangs down further

Question 32

Surgical approach to guttural pouch

Answer 32

Viborg's triangle

Question 33

Borders of viborgs triangle

Answer 33

Sternomandibularis/Sternocephalicus Linguofacial v Ramus of mandible

Question 34

Epiglottic entrapment

Answer 34

Xs mucosa covering and cartilage inverts itself

Question 35

Sound difference between epiglottic entrapment and roaring

Answer 35

Epiglottic entrapment=Expiratory sound | Roaring=Inspiratory sound

Question 36

Lengthy soft palate

Answer 36

Can cause dorsal displacement of soft palate on top of epiglottis

Question 37

What could be damaged in the boundaries of the sinuses?

Answer 37

Dorsally-nasolacrimal duct and infraorbital n | Ventrally-venous dilations