Hormones/Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

Glucagon

A

Stimulates glycogenolysis

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2
Q

GABA

A

Primary inhibitor neurotransmitter

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3
Q

Dopamine (3), and where it comes from?

A

Reward, learning, and attention. Adrenal medulla

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4
Q

Serotonin (4)

A

Mood, appetite, social behavior, and memory

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5
Q

Hypocritin (aka orexin)

A

In the CNS to control sleep and arousal

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6
Q

Opiates

A

Used to treat pain and anxiety by acting at your body’s receptor sites for endorphins

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7
Q

Endorphins

A

The body’s natural pain reducers

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8
Q

Caffeine (2)

A
  1. Increase energy

2. Disrupt sleep for several hours

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9
Q

Nicotine (4)

A
  1. Increase heart rate
  2. Arouses brain to heightened alertness
  3. Decrease appetite
  4. At high levels will cause muscles to relax and release neurotransmitters that reduce stress
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10
Q

Cocaine

A

Releases dopamine, serotonin, and noepinephrine

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11
Q

Meth

A

Releases dopamine for a long period of time (8 hours)

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12
Q

Ecstasy

A

Synthetic. Between stimulant and hallucinogen. Increases dopamine, serotonin; stimulates CNS; Increased BP, dehydration, and overheating. Can damage the neurons that produce serotonin. Creates artificial feelings of social connectedness and intimacy. Seeing things that are not really there.

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13
Q

LSD

A

Interferes with serotonin transmission so you see things rather than hear things that aren’t there

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14
Q

Marijuana

A

Main active chemical is THC which heightens sensitivity to colors, sounds, tastes, and smells. Decrease inhibition like with alcohol. Disrupts memory formation and short term recall. THC stays in the body for a week. Can reduce pain and nausea.

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15
Q

Prolactin

A

Stimulation of milk production

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16
Q

Thymosin

A

T-cell growth and development

17
Q

Somatostatin

A

Inhibition of growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon

18
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

Associated with stress

19
Q

Grehlin

A

“hunger hormone” increase in appetite

20
Q

Estradiol

A

Produced from the follicle in the ovary

21
Q

Prolactin

A

Released by the anterior pituitary. Related to sexual gratification and is associated with relieving sexual arousal after an orgasm.

22
Q

Luteinizing Hormone

A

Released by the anterior pituitary. An increase in LH triggers ovulation.

23
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone

A

Released by the anterior pituitary. FSH promotes growth of a follicle in the ovary.

24
Q

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

A

Limits meal size by sensing the distention of the duodenum

25
Q

Estrogen

A

Major role in fluid balance and could be linked to bloating and water retention during the menstrual cycle.

26
Q

Endorphins

A

Produce feelings of euphoria, and are released post-orgasm

27
Q

Oxytocin

A

Released after an orgasm to facilitate bonds and feelings of connectedness between sexual partners

28
Q

Cortisol

A

Help to wake a person up after sleep but does not monitor circadian rhythm

29
Q

Melatonin

A

Monitors circadian rhythm in diurnal animals

30
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

Same thing as Vasopressin. Produced by the posterior pituitary. Increases water retention.

31
Q

Norepinephrine

A

A neurotransmitter released by adrenal glands. Its hypofunctioning can lead to depression.

32
Q

Parathyroid hormone

A

Increases activity of osteoclasts, which increases serum calcium