BIOLOGY CH 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Hydrolase

A

Hydrolyzes chemical bonds (includes ATPases, proteases, and others)

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2
Q

Hydrolyzes chemical bonds (includes ATPases, proteases, and others)

A

Hydrolase

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3
Q

Isomerase

A

Rearranges bonds within a molecule to form an isomer

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4
Q

Rearranges bonds within a molecule to form an isomer

A

Isomerase

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5
Q

Ligase

A

Forms a chemical bond (e.g., DNA ligase)

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6
Q

Forms a chemical bond (e.g., DNA ligase)

A

Ligase

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7
Q

Lyase

A

Breaks chemical bonds by means other than oxidation or hydrolysis (e.g., pyruvate decarboxylase)

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8
Q

Breaks chemical bonds by means other than oxidation or hydrolysis (e.g., pyruvate decarboxylase)

A

Lyase

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9
Q

Kinase

A

Transfers a phosphate group to a molecule from a high energy carrier, such as ATP (e.g., phosphofructokinase (PFK))

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10
Q

Transfers a phosphate group to a molecule from a high energy carrier, such as ATP (e.g., phosphofructokinase (PFK))

A

Kinase

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11
Q

Oxidoreductase

A

Runs redox reactions (includes oxidases, reductases, dehydrogenases, and others)

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12
Q

Runs redox reactions (includes oxidases, reductases, dehydrogenases, and others)

A

Oxidoreductase

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13
Q

Polymerase

A

Polymerizations (e.g., addition of nucleotides to the leading strand of DNA by DNA polymerase III)

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14
Q

Polymerizations (e.g., addition of nucleotides to the leading strand of DNA by DNA polymerase III)

A

Polymerase

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15
Q

Phosphatase

A

Removes a phosphate group from a molecule

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16
Q

Removes a phosphate group from a molecule

A

Phosphatase

17
Q

Phosphorylase

A

Transfers a phosphate group to a molecule from inorganic phosphate (e.g., glycogen phosphorylase)

18
Q

Transfers a phosphate group to a molecule from inorganic phosphate (e.g., glycogen phosphorylase)

A

Phosphorylase

19
Q

Protease

A

Hydrolyzes peptide bonds (e.g., trypsin, chymotrypsin, pepsin, etc.)

20
Q

Hydrolyzes peptide bonds (e.g., trypsin, chymotrypsin, pepsin, etc.)

A

Protease

21
Q

What is a prosthetic group?

A

A non-protein molecule covalently bound to an enzyme as part of the enzyme’s active site.

22
Q

________: A non-protein molecule covalently bound to an enzyme as part of the enzyme’s active site.

A

Prosthetic group

23
Q

The PDC contains a __________ prosthetic group at one of its active sites.

A

Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)

24
Q

What the hell does thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) do for cellular respiration?

A

It exists in the active sites of enzymes responsible for oxidative decarboxylation during the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) and Krebs cycle