BIOLOGY CH 7 Flashcards
The ______ is the site of transcription of rRNA by _________ .
Nucleolus; RNA pol I
The nucleolus is the site of transcription of _____ by RNA pol I.
rRNA
T/F: Bacteria have multiple RNA pol?
False. Bacteria have only a single kind of RNA pol which is responsible for all transcription
Larger protiens are excluded from the nucleus interior unless they contains a sequences of basic amino acids called?
Nuclear localization sequence
Name 4 things found in the nucleolus.
- DNA
- RNA polymerases
- rRNA
- Protein components of the ribosome
T/F: RNA splicing occurs in the nucleus?
True
Is it possible for small proteins to diffuse from the cytoplasm into the nucleus through the nuclear pores?
Yes, molecules that are smaller than 60 kilodaltons
Where does pyruvate decarboxylation occur?
In the matrix of the mitochondria
How does pyruvate get into the mitochondrial matrix?
Pyruvate is transported through the inner membrane by a specific protein in the membrane.
What is the enzyme responsible for pyruvate decarboxylation?
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Describe the DNA of mitochondria.
Single and circular
What is mitochondrial DNA encode for?
- rRNA
- tRNA
- several proteins
What are some example proteins that mitochondrial DNA encodes for?
- Components of the ETC
2. Parts of the ATP synthase complex
T/F: Most mitochondrial proteins are encoded by mitochondrial genes?
False. Most are encoded by nuclear genes.
What is the van’t Hoff (ionizability) factor (i)?
The number of molecules a compound breaks down into when in water.
- NaCl –> 2
- Glucose –> 1
- CaCl2 –> 3
Oncogenes
Mutated genes that induce cancer
Protooncogenes
The normal versions of the genes that allow for regular growth patterns, but can be converted into oncogenes under the right circumstances
p53
An example of a product of a common tumor suppressor gene. Its production is scaled up when genetic damage or oncogene activity is detected, and if sufficient repair is not possible. p53 will cause the cell to die via apoptosis if sufficient repair is not possible
Caspases
Family of proteases that are responsible for carrying out the events of apoptosis. They have a cysteine in their active site. There are initiator caspases and effector caspases
