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Biology > Hormones and homeostasis > Flashcards

Hormones and homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The ability to maintain a constant internal environment

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2
Q

What does the hypothalamus monitor?

A

The temperature of the blood

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3
Q

What happens if the hypothalamus detects change in the temperature of the blood?

A

It sends signals via neurones to other organs, which will bring the temperature of the blood back to normal

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4
Q

Name 3 main ways the body controls the temperature

A
  • sweating
  • shivering
  • controlling blood near skin surface
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5
Q

What do organs work together to keep constant?

A

Conditions in the tissue fluid around cells

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6
Q

What would happen if we didn’t have skin?

A
  • wouldn’t be able to maintain a constant body temperature

- difficult for enzymes to react at optimum temperature

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7
Q

What would happen if we didn’t have lungs?

A
  • gaseous exchange wouldn’t be possible

- no alveoli —> less efficient respiration

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8
Q

How do sensory neurones help with homeostasis?

A
  • detect changing levels of solutes in blood
  • signals go to hypothalamus
  • feedback signals sent to organs
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9
Q

Explain what happens when the body is too cold

A
  • capillaries vasoconstrict (reduces heat loss by radiation)
  • hair erector muscles contract, hairs stand up, traps layers of air (reduce heat loss by reducing convection)
  • no sweat is released
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10
Q

Explain what happens when body is too hot

A
  • capillaries vasodilate (enlarge)
  • higher blood flow at skin surface means increased radiation
  • hair erector muscles relax, hairs flat, increased convection at skin surface
  • sweat glands secrete sweat
  • increased heat loss via evaporation
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11
Q

What does the liver control?

A

Levels of solutes in blood

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12
Q

What do the lungs control?

A

Exchange of carbon dioxide + oxygen

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13
Q

What do the kidneys control?

A

Water content of blood

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14
Q

What does the skin control?

A

Heat loss/gain

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15
Q

What do the intestines control?

A

Soluble foods and water

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16
Q

Where is insulin produced?

A

Pancreas

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17
Q

Where is adrenaline produced?

A

Adrenal glands

18
Q

What is the pituitary gland controlled by?

A

Hypothalamus

19
Q

What is a hormone?

A
  • chemical messenger
  • travels in the plasma
  • travels to a target cell/organ
  • initiates a change
20
Q

Why is testosterone important?

A

For secondary sexual characteristic development

21
Q

What hormones are produced in the ovaries?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

22
Q

What are is the effect and oestrogen/progesterone?

A
  • make female secondary sexual characteristics develop

- involved in fertility/menstrual cycle

23
Q

What 3 hormones are produced in the pituitary gland

A
  • Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
  • Luterizing Hormone (LH)
  • Anti Diuretic Hormone (ADH)
24
Q

What are is the effect of FSH and LH?

A

Effects fertility in the womb

25
Q

What is the effect of ADH?

A

Acts on kidneys to control amount of water excreted in the urine

26
Q

What hormones does the pancreas secrete?

A

Insulin and Glucagon

27
Q

What is the effect of insulin?

A

Tells liver to convert glucose to glycogen, stored in liver + muscles

28
Q

What is the effect of glucagon?

A

Tells liver to convert glycogen to glucose, released into blood

29
Q

What is the effect of adrenaline?

A

binds to receptors in the heart + makes heart beat faster and harder

30
Q

What is diabetes caused by?

A

Pancreas cells not producing insulin

31
Q

What is hyperglycaemia?

A

Too much glucose in the blood

32
Q

What is hypoglycaemia?

A

Too little glucose in the blood

33
Q

What are the effects of hypo and hyperglycaemia?

A
  • both can negatively affect respiration
  • affects blood concentration levels
  • potentially damage cells
34
Q

How do you get Type 1 diabetes?

A

Inherited

35
Q

How do you get Type 2 diabetes?

A

Developed - obesity, lifestyle, stress

36
Q

What hormone does the pancreas release if the person has hypoglycaemia?

A

Glucagon

37
Q

Speed of action endocrine vs nervous

A

endocrine = slow, nervous = fast

38
Q

Type of message endocrine vs nervous

A

endocrine = chemical, nervous = electrical impulse

39
Q

method sent endocrine vs nervous

A

endocrine = via the blood (dissolved in plasma), nervous = along neurones

40
Q

Response to the message endocrine vs nervous

A

endocrine = only target cells respond (even though message sent all over the body), nervous = sent directly to muscle or gland (not all over the body)

41
Q

Role in the body endocrine vs nervous

A

endocrine = controls longterm processes (e.g. reproduction, growth), nervous = used when a fast response is needed

Biology (13 decks)

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