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DAT Prep > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

What hormones are produced by the ANTERIOR pituitary?

A 
Remember AP-FLATPEG:
FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH
Prolactin
Endorphins
Growth Hormone
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2
Q

What hormones are produced by the HYPOTHALAMUS and stored in the POSTERIOR pituitary?

A

Oxytocin

Vasopressin (ADH)

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3
Q

What hormones are produced by the THYROID?

A 
Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)
Calcitonin
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4
Q

What hormone is produced by the PARATHYROID?

A

Parathyroid Hormone

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5
Q

What hormones are produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX?

A

Remember: SUGAR, SALT, SEX
Glucocorticoids (Cortisol)
Mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone)
Androgens

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6
Q

What hormones are produced by the ADRENAL MEDULLA?

A

Epinephrine

Norepinephrine

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7
Q

What hormones are produced by the PANCREAS?

A

Glucagon
Insulin
Somatostatin

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8
Q

What hormones are produced by the TESTES?

A

Testosterone

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9
Q

What hormones are produced by the OVARY / PLACENTA?

A

Estrogen

Progesterone

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10
Q

What hormones are produced by the PINEAL?

A

Melatonin

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11
Q

What hormones are produced by the HEART?

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide

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12
Q

What hormones are produced by the THYMUS?

A

Thymosin

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13
Q

What is the difference between a direct hormone and a tropic hormone ?

A
  • -Direct hormones directly stimulate their target organs

- -Tropic hormones stimulate other endocrine glands causing the release of other hormones

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14
Q

What does somatostatin do?

A

Inhibits growth hormone

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15
Q

When, where, and why are progesterone produced?

A

Known as the “pro-gestational” hormone
Following ovulation, LH causes the formation of the corpus leuteum, which secretes estrogen and progesterone. Progesterone inhibits GnRH, thus inhibiting LH and FSH to prevent more follicles from maturing.

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16
Q

What are the three corticosteroids, what are they made from, and where are they produced?

A

Glucocorticoids (like cortisol), mineralcorticoids (like aldosterone), and sex hormones

Made from cholesterol

17
Q

When is cortisol produced?

A

In response to stress, hypoglycemia, injury, or infection

Helps reduce inflammatory response as well

18
Q

Which pancreatic cells produce insulin?

A

Beta cells

19
Q

Which types of hormones can float freely in the blood, and where do they bind?

A

Peptide hormones

They bind to extra cellular receptors causing second messengers to relay their message inside the cell. This causes the cascade effect, where the hormones effects are amplified throughout the cell

20
Q

What are some examples of peptide hormones?

A

ADH

Insulin

21
Q

Are peptide hormones fast or slow acting and long or short lived?

A

Fast acting and short lived

22
Q

Where do steroid hormones bind?

A

To specific intracellular proteins in the cytoplasm. This receptor-hormone complex then enters the nucleus and directly regulates specific genes

23
Q

What are some examples of steroid hormones?

A 
Basically all the hormones secreted by the adrenal gland:
Testosterone
Estrogen
Glucocorticoids
Mineralcorticoids
24
Q

Of the hormones produced by the anterior pituitary, which are tropic and which are direct?

A

The FLAT hormones are tropic

The PEG hormones are direct

25
Q

Which hormones does the hypothalamus secrete?

A

CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone)
ACTH-RF: stimulate the release of ACTH by the anterior pituitary
GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone)
Dopamine: inhibits prolactin
TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone)
Somatostatin: suppresses the release of insulin and glucagon

26
Q

What does cortisol do?

A
  • -Causes glucose formation from protein and fat
  • -Decreases the utilization of glucose by organs other than the brain and heart
  • -Suppresses the immune system
  • -Increases psychological state of stress
27
Q

What can an overproduction of growth hormone lead to?

A

Hyperglycemia (glucose is being used to fuel the additional growth)

28
Q

Where is THYMOSIN secreted from and what is its function?

A

It is secreted from the thymus and stimulates pre-T cells to mature

29
Q

What are epinephrine and norepinephrine derived from?

A

An amino-acid compound called:

Catecholamines

DAT Prep (14 decks)

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