Hormone And Endocrine Drugs Flashcards
List Endocrine Glands
Pituitary gland
Adrenal gland
Thyroid gland
Ovaries or testicles
Pancreas
Kidneys
Exogenous vs Endogenous
Exogenous- hormones that are administered to an animal
Endogenous- hormones produced naturally in the body
Why use hormones?
- To correct a deficiency of that hormone
- To obtain a desired effect
Negative Feedback System
Where high levels of hormone decrease the activity of the hypothalamus
Positive feedback system
Where low levels of the hormone cause increased activity of the hypothalamus
Estrogens
Induce estrus in horses after progesterone treatment
Helps treat vaginitis and urinary incontinence in spayed dogs
Progestins
Can return mare or heifer to proestrus
Can prevent estrus
Prostaglandins
Used to help abort pregnancies, induce perturbation, or treat pyometra
Oxytocin
Causes uterine contractions and milk letdown
Insulin information
Removes glucose from circulation and stores it in tissues
Measured in units per mL
Available in U-40 or U-100
Types of Insulin with Examples
Short-Acting(Novolin R)- primarily used for DKA
Intermediate-Acting(Novolin N)- used primarily for uncomplicated diabetes
Long-Acting(ProZinc)- used to reduce hyperglycemia in cats
Hypothyroidism
Thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone
Most cases are dogs
Hypothyroidism Symptoms
Fast HR
Lose weight despite eating
May be hyperexcitable
Hypothyroidism Treatment
Thyroid supplementation is treatment of choice
Levothyroxine
Hyperthyroidism
Thyroid gland is producing too little thyroid hormone
Most cases are older cats
Hyperthyroidism Symptoms
Lethargic
Afflicted with poor skim and hair coat conditions
Often bradycardic
Hyperthyroidism Treatment
Requires a drug that blocks the formation of thyroid hormones
Ex. Methimazole
Diabetes Mellitus
Results from inability of beta cells of the pancreas to produce enough insulin or form altered insulin action without cells
Diabetes Mellitus Symptoms
Polydipsia
Polyuria
Polyphagia
Weight loss
Cushing’s Disease
Oversecretion of aldosterone and glucocorticoids by the adrenal gland
Cushing’s Disease Treatment
Goal is to prevent excess secretion of cortisol and other corticosteroids
Meds: Trilostane and Selegiline
