Cardiovascular Drugs

Question 1

List 5 Objectives of Treatment For Heart Failure

Answer 1

1. Control rhythm disturbances
2. Maintain or increase cardiac output
3. Relieve fluid accumulations
4. Increasing blood oxygenation
5. Provide oxygen/sedatives

Question 2

Benefits and Potential Toxic Effects of Glycosides

Answer 2

Benefits: improved cardiac contractility, decreased HR, antiarrhythmic effect, and decreased signs of dypsnea
Toxic Effects: anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, and various arrhythmias

Question 3

List 4 Basic Compensatory Mechanisms of the Cardiovascular System

Answer 3

Increasing HR
Increasing SV
Increasing efficiency of the heart muscle
Heart enlargement

Question 4

List 6 Categories of Antiarrhythmic Drugs and Give an Example

Answer 4

Class IA- quinine, procainamide
Class IB- lidocaine, tocainide, and mexiletine
Class II- Propanolol, atenolol
Class III- bretylium, amiodarone, and sotalol
Class IV- diltiazem, verapamil

Question 5

List 4 Vasodilator Drugs

Answer 5

Hydralazine- arteriolar dilator
Nitroglycerin- venodilator
Prazosin- mixed
Nitroprusside- mixed
Enalapril, benazepril, and ramipril- mixed

Question 6

List 5 Ancillary Methods of Treatment for Cardiovascular Disease

Answer 6

Bronchodilation
Oxygen therapy
Sedation
Aspiration
Centesis

Question 7

Define congestive heart failure

Answer 7

Results when the pumping ability of the heart is impaired to the extent that sodium and water are retained in an effort to compensate for inadequate cardiac output

Question 8

Primary Goals of Dietary Management of Heart Disease

Answer 8

Sodium restriction
Maintenance of good body condition

Question 9

List 3 Effects of Administration of Catecholamines

Answer 9

Increased force of contraction
Increase in blood pressure
Elevated BG levels

Question 10

Antiarrhythmic Drugs

Answer 10

Work to restore normal impulse conduction

Question 11

Diuretics

Answer 11

Inhibit reabsorption or sodium and water in the loop of Henle or distal tubules
Side Effects: electrolyte imbalances, hypokalemia, dehydration

Question 12

Diuretic Examples

Answer 12

Loop diuretic: furosemide
Thiazide diuretics: chlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide
Potassium-sparing diuretic: spironolactone

Question 13

Vasodilators

Answer 13

Relax vascular smooth muscle to reduce preload and afterload in heart failure cases or to manage systemic hypertension
Examples:
Arteriolar dilators: amlodipine
Venous vasodilator: Nitroglycerin ointment
Mixed vasodilator: prazosin

Question 14

ACE Inhibitors

Answer 14

Produce balanced vasodilation and help modulate the RAAS
Treat CHF and systemic hypertension
Ex. Enalapril and Benazepril