Hormonal Coordination

Question 1

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 1

A system made up of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

Question 2

What controls all endocrine glands?

Answer 2

The pituitary gland

Question 3

What does the hormones secreted from the Pituitary gland do?

Answer 3

Growth in kids, stimulates glands

Question 4

What does the hormones secreted from the Thyroid do?

Answer 4

Controls metabolic rate of body

Question 5

What does the hormones secreted from the Pancreas do?

Answer 5

Secretes insulin to control blood glucose concentration

Question 6

What does the hormones secreted from the Adrenal gland do?

Answer 6

Prepares body for stressful situations

Question 7

What does the hormones secreted from the Ovaries do?

Answer 7

Controls eggs and periods

Question 8

What does the hormones secreted from the Testes do?

Answer 8

Controls sperm production

Question 9

What happens if you have Type 1 Diabetes?

Answer 9

Your pancreas does not make enough/any insulin

Question 10

What are symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes?

Answer 10

Feeling thirsty all the time, fatigue, lack of energy, lose weight

Question 11

When does Type 1 Diabetes usually start?

Answer 11

In young children and teenagers

Question 12

Is Type 1 Diabetes genetic?

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

What Type 2 Diabetes caused by?

Answer 13

Obesity and/or lack of exercise

Question 14

Is Type 2 Diabetes genetic?

Answer 14

Yes

Question 15

What happens when you have Type 2 Diabetes?

Answer 15

Pancreas still makes insulin but cells stop responding properly

Question 16

What is insulin?

Answer 16

A hormone released by the pancreas to maintain the body’s blood glucose levels

Question 17

What is glucose?

Answer 17

The sugar used in respiration

Question 18

What is glycogen?

Answer 18

Storage carbohydrate found in the liver and muscles

Question 19

What is glucagon?

Answer 19

Hormone that stimulates the liver to breakdown glycogen to glucose

Question 20

How is Type 1 Diabetes treated?

Answer 20

Insulin injections, balanced diet, regular meals, carefully planned exercise, pancreas transplants

Question 21

How can you treat Type 2 Diabetes?

Answer 21

Balanced diet, losing weight, regular exercise

Question 22

What is negative feedback?

Answer 22

Biological mechanism that helps keep conditions to their optimum levels

Question 23

What is Adrenaline produced from?

Answer 23

Adrenal gland

Question 24

What happens when Adrenaline is secreted?

Answer 24

Heart rate increases, glycogen released from liver for respiration, pupils dilate, blood moves away from digestive system

Question 25

Where is Thyroxine secreted from?

Answer 25

Thyroid

Question 26

What maintains Thyroxine levels?

Answer 26

Pituitary gland releasing Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

Question 27

If Thyroxine levels get too high what happens?

Answer 27

Less TSH is produced

Question 28

If Thyroxine levels get too low what happens?

Answer 28

More TSH is produced

Question 29

What hormones do the testes produce?

Answer 29

Testosterone

Question 30

What does testosterone do?

Answer 30

Make male secondary sexual characteristics develop

Question 31

What hormones do the ovaries produce?

Answer 31

Oestrogen and progesterone

Question 32

What do oestrogen and progesterone do?

Answer 32

Make female secondary sexual characteristics develop, involved in fertility and menstrual cycle

Question 33

What changes do males experience during puberty?

Answer 33

Deeper voice, pubic hair, sexual organs get bigger, growth spurt, broader shoulders

Question 34

What changes do females experience during puberty?

Answer 34

Develop breasts, growth spurt, menstrual cycle, wider hips, pubic hair

Question 35

In females what hormones does the pituitary gland release that are involved in fertility?

Answer 35

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH)

Question 36

What hormones need to be released in order for a female to start her period?

Answer 36

FSH and LH

Question 37

What is menstruation?

Answer 37

When the soft lining of the uterus is released through the vagina after the egg released is not fertilised

Question 38

What happens on day 1 of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 38

Uterus lining is at its thinnest as old egg leaves body during menstruation

Question 39

What happens on day 2 of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 39

FSH is released and new egg is matured due to FSH. FSH triggers ovaries to release oestrogen

Question 40

What happens on day 5-14 of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 40

Oestrogen causes FSH to stop being released, and LH is starting to be released, lining of uterus thickens, LH peaks and oestrogen stops and this causes ovulation

Question 41

What happens on day 12-16 of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 41

Ovulation occurs and uterus lining is at its thickest, progesterone maintains lining of the utuerus

Question 42

What happens on day 20-22 of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 42

Matured egg is now in the uterus waiting to be fertilised. If egg is not fertilised then the cycle starts again

Question 43

When are women most fertile?

Answer 43

During ovulation

Question 44

What does contraception do?

Answer 44

Prevents an egg being fertilised by sperm

Question 45

What are examples of barrier contraception methods?

Answer 45

Condoms, diaphragm, cervical cap, sponge

Question 46

What are examples of suppressing contraception methods?

Answer 46

The pill, the vaginal ring, the patch, IUD

Question 47

What happens when hormonal contraceptives are taken?

Answer 47

Release of FSH and LH are suppressed to prevent ovulation

Question 48

What are side effects of hormonal contraceptives?

Answer 48

Thick sticky mucus in the cervix, headaches, breast cancer, blood clotting

Question 49

What are spermicides?

Answer 49

Chemicals that kill/disable sperm

Question 50

What are condoms?

Answer 50

Thin latex sheath placed over the penis during sex to prevent pregnancy

Question 51

What is a diaphragm?

Answer 51

A type of contraceptive made of thin rubber that is placed over cervix before sex

Question 52

What is the rhythm method?

Answer 52

Where a female tracks her cycle and doesn’t have sex when ovulating - not very effective

Question 53

What is a vasectomy?

Answer 53

When people are surgically sterilised. In men, sperm ducts are cut and tied. In women, oviducts are cut and tied l

Question 54

What are causes of infertility?

Answer 54

Obesity and anorexia

Question 55

What do you do if a woman’s eggs aren’t maturing or ovulating?

Answer 55

Inject artificial FSH and LH

Question 56

What happens in IVF?

Answer 56

Women are given hormonal treatment to stimulate egg production and as many eggs as possible are removed. The eggs are then mixed with the man’s sperm in the lab in a culture dish. The embryos are placed in an incubator for 48 hours and then placed into the uterus

Question 57

What is a tropism?

Answer 57

A growth in response to a stimulus

Question 58

What are the three types of tropisms?

Answer 58

Geotropism, phototropism and hydrotropism

Question 59

What are examples of plant hormones?

Answer 59

Auxins, gibberlins, ethene

Question 60

What do roots and shoots respond to?

Answer 60

Light, gravity and water

Question 61

What do roots have?

Answer 61

Negative phototropism, positive hydrotropism, positive geotropism

Question 62

What do shoots have?

Answer 62

Positive phototropism, negative geotropism

Question 63

Why do some plants have bended stems that bend towards the light?

Answer 63

If light comes in from the side, auxins go to the shaded side and cause it to grow quicker

Question 64

Why do roots grow downwards?

Answer 64

In the roots, auxins gather on the lower half causing the side with less auxins to grow faster