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Biology: 41 - Human Reproduction > Hormonal Control In The Menstrual Cycle > Flashcards

Hormonal Control In The Menstrual Cycle Flashcards

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1
Q

How many hormones are involved in the menstrual cycle?

A

Four

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2
Q

Describe how the hormones work together in the menstrual cycle
(2)

A

Each hormone causes the production of the hormone following it

Each hormone inhibits the preceding hormone

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3
Q

Name the four hormones of the menstrual cycle.

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Oestrogen

Luteinising hormone (LH)

Progesterone

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4
Q

What does FSH stand for?

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone

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5
Q

What does LH stand for?

A

Luteinising hormone

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6
Q

What is the site of production of FSH?

A

Produced by the pituitary gland

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7
Q

What is the time of production of FSH in the menstrual cycle?

A

It is produced early in the cycle (days 1 to 5)

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8
Q

What hormones used in the menstrual cycle come from the pituitary gland?
(2)

A

FSH

LH

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9
Q

What hormone is produced from days 1-5?

A

FSH

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10
Q

What is the function of FSH in the menstrual cycle?

A

It stimulates a few potential eggs to develop, surrounded by Graafian follicles

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11
Q

FSH stimulates a few eggs to develop surrounded by Graafian follicles, how many of these usually survive?

A

Only one follicle (and egg) normally survives

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12
Q

FSH sometimes used in fertility treatments?

A

Because it stimulates the ovaries to produce eggs

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13
Q

What can sometimes happen during fertility treatments if FSH is used to stimulate the ovaried to produce eggs?

A

Often a number of eggs develop, resulting in multiple births

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14
Q

What is secreted by the Graafian follicle?

A

Oestrogen

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15
Q

Why can FSH be said to cause the production of oestrogen?

A

As FSH stimulate the production of eggs which are surrounded by Graafian follicles which secrete oestrogen

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16
Q

What is the site of production of oestrogen?

A

It is produced by the Graafian follicle (in the ovary)

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17
Q

What is the time of production of oestrogen in the menstrual cycle?

A

From days 5 to 14 (mainly)

18
Q

What hormone is produced from days 5 to 14?

A

Oestrogen

19
Q

What is the function of oestrogen?

2

A

It causes the endometrium to develop

It also inhibits FSH by negative feedback which ensures no further eggs develop

20
Q

How does oestrogen inhibit FSH?

A

By negative feedback

21
Q

Why is oestrogen used in the contraceptive pill?

A

Because it inhibits FSH be negative feedback which ensures no further eggs develop

22
Q

When is oestrogen production at its highest?

A

Just before day 14

23
Q

Levels of oestrogen are high just before day 14, what does this do?

A

It stimulates the release of LH

24
Q

What stimulates the release of LH?

A

High levels of oestrogen just before day 14

25
Q

What is the site of production of Luteinising hormone?

A

Pituitary gland

26
Q

What is the time of production of luteinising hormone in the menstrual cycle?

A

Day 14

27
Q

What is the function of luteinising hormone?

2

A

It causes ovulation

It then causes the remains of the Graafian follicle to develop into the corpus luteum

28
Q

What hormone is produced on day 14?

A

Luteinising hormone

29
Q

What does luteinising hormone cause the remains of the Graafian follicle to turn into?

A

The corpus luteum

30
Q

What does luteinising hormone cause to turn into the corpus luteum?

A

The remains of the corpus luteum after ovulation

31
Q

What does the corpus luteum make?

A

Progesterone

32
Q

What is the site of production of progesterone?

A

Corpus luteum (in the ovary)

33
Q

What is the time of production of progesterone in the menstrual cycle?

A

Produced from days 14 to 28

34
Q

What is the function of progesterone?

4

A

It maintains the structure of the endometrium

It inhibits by negative feedback the production of FSH which prevents further eggs from developing

It inhibits LH so that further ovulation and pregnancies are prevented

It prevents contractions of the uterus

35
Q

What does progesterone inhibit?

2

A

It inhibits by negative feedback the production of FSH which prevents further eggs from developing

It inhibits LH so that further ovulation and pregnancies are prevented

36
Q

What does progesterone prevent from happening?

A

It prevents contractions of the uterus

37
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum if pregnancy does not occur?

A

The corpus luteum will start to degenerate around day 22

38
Q

On what day will the corpus luteum start to degenerate if pregnancy does not occur?

A

Day 22

39
Q

What will happen on day 22 if pregnancy does not occur?

A

The corpus luteum will begin to degenerate

40
Q

What happens on day 28 if pregnancy does not occur?

5

A

Low levels of progesterone and oestrogen produce the following effects:

FSH secretion by the pituitary gland is not longer inhibited

As the FSH level rises new eggs begin to develop

The uterus contracts and the endometrium is shed from the body

Menstruation and a new cycle have begun

41
Q

What effects are brought on by low levels of progesterone and oestrogen?
(4)

A

FSH secretion by the pituitary gland is not longer inhibited

As the FSH level rises new eggs begin to develop

The uterus contracts and the endometrium is shed from the body

Menstruation and a new cycle have begun

42
Q

What causes menstruation?

A

Low levels of both progesterone and oestrogen which causes the uterus to contract

Biology: 41 - Human Reproduction (33 decks)

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