Hooks Flashcards

Question

Does using modular construction have any programme or any health and safety benefits that you're aware of in this case?

Answer 1

Programme Modular construction can be up to 50% quicker than traditional, this is because the construction of the modules can happen simultaneously with site work. Fewer delays on site due to inclement weather because modular is done in a controlled factory environment. H&S Safer construction environment, indoors reducing risks of accidents such as falling at height. Higher quality control, reduced site disruptions – less noise, traffic and disruption. Lead time of a specialised container.

Answer 2

Yes, a container can be constructed simultaneously with substructure. Is not impacted by inclement weather, less time on site.

Answer 3

Brexit- construction materials and labour costs increased and drop in pound Ukraine - fuel prices and availability of critical materials is in doubt Covid 19 - inerest rate leading to slowdown in construction. rise in materials and labour cost. Brexit – construction materials such as cement, timber and steel has increased and cost of labour. Uncertainty following Brexit has led to the value of the pound to drop and shortage of materials leading to increase in costs of imports. War in Ukraine – fuel prices and increased material costs. Availbality and cost of critical materials is in doubt for steel, iron, nickel, chemical products and timber. Covid 19 – interest rate has increased. Higher rates has led to a slowdown in construction work, cost of debt increase as interest rate increases leading to some investments financially unviable. Rise in materials and labour costs.

Answer 4

LCC is part of the WLC. WLC includes non-construction costs, LCC, income and Externalities. LCC includes construction, O&M, occupancy and end of life.

Answer 5

LCC is construction, maintenance, operation, occupancy and end of life. WLC is non-construction costs, LCC, Income and Externalties. + period of time. I tend to do 60 years design life.

Answer 6

LCC I have maintenance (reactive and active), operation, cleaning, asset replacement. and then this is profiled over a period of time.

Answer 7

Financial reports tend to be govern by what the client wants, however the standard financial report include: **REPCEE** Risk Allowance Early Warnings Project Cost (including professional fees) Cash Flow Contract Sum Compensation Events

Answer 8

Cash flow is the anticipated spend of a project against the actual spend and forecast spend. shows the expected cashflow against the actual expenditure. This gets regularly updated. Acts as a tool to understand whether the contractor is behind or ahead of schedule and helps understand how much to drawdown at different stages of the construction

Answer 9

1. Must act with **honesty and integrity**. 2. Must **maintain their professional competence** and ensure services are provided by competent individuals that have the necessary expertise. 3. Must provide **good quality** and **diligent service**. 4. Treat others with **respect** (and encourage **diversity and inclusion**). 5. **Act in the public interest**, take **responsibility for their actions** and act to prevent harm and maintain public confidence in the profession.

Answer 10

**Members**1. Members must comply with CPD requirements of 20 hours per year (10 of which formal). *2. Must cooperate with RICs *3. Must promptly provide all information reasonably requested by the standards and regulations board, or those exercising delegated authority on its behalf. Firms. **Firms** 1. Publish a complaints-handling procedure, which includes a dispute resolution provider approved by RICS and maintain a complaints log. 2. Ensure that all previous & current work is covered by professional indemnity cover that meets the standards approved by RICS. 3. Locum Agreement Firms with a sole principal must make appropriate arrangements for their professional work to continue in the event of their incapacity, death, absence from or inability to work. *4. Cooperate with RICS. *5. Firms must promptly provide all information reasonably requested by the Standards and Regulation Board, or those exercising delegated authority on its behalf. 6. Firms must display on their business literature, in accordance with RICS’ published policy on designations, a designation to denote that they are regulated by RICS. 7. Firms must report to RICS any matter that they are required to report under the Rules for the Registration of Firms.

Answer 11

- Record 20 hours of CPD per year (in which 10 must be formal) - Record CPD relating to RICS professional and ethical standards during a rolling 3 year period

Answer 12

Formal CPD – structured learning that has a clear learning objectives and outcomes e.g. professional course. This can include self-managed learning as long as it has a clear learning outcome linked to member’s development needs.

Answer 13

Being ethical is about doing what is right, while being professional is about adhering to the norms and standards of one’s profession

Answer 14

A non-disclosure agreement (NDA) is a legally binding contract that establishes a **confidential relationship** between two parties: one that **holds sensitive information** and the other that will **receive that sensitive information.**

Answer 15

QA process is the 3 touch point, everything needs to have an originator (who checks their work), a checker, who both comp checks the content and checks the quality of the information provided, and an approver who ensures the work is of an acceptable quality and accuracy to send to a client

Answer 16

Set the tone, beginnning the met up as casual and not business related, redirect the conversation if the other person starts asking about Motts, be honest but tactful if unable to

Answer 17

- Tenderer may adjust their bid to outperform others and therefore not reflective of the scope of works. - undercutting competition - manipulating the process - confidentiality breach - against rules of conduct This ensures that all tenderers are evaluated based on the merit of their proposals and not on their ability to adjust their bids in response to the rankings.

Answer 18

Different ages, nationality, religious backgrounds, sexual orientation etc.

Answer 19

Learned attitudes or stereotypes that exist in our subconscious and can involuntarily affect the way we think and act. Example is gender bias, often referred to as sexism when someone unconsciously associates certain sterotypes with different genders, such as a receptionist will be a woman.

Answer 20

Having mutual respect, common and aligned goals, open comunication and patience.

Answer 21

It brings together individuals with different backgrounds expereinces, perspectives and problem solving approaches. Diverse teams fosters creativity and leads to innovative ideas.

Answer 22

When I produced a cost plan at RIBA stage 3. It was succesful as I managed the PMs expectations on deadlines and when I need drawing and specification to be fixed to achieve the deadline

Answer 23

Creating employee safe spaces, celebrating different religious holidays and managing around these in terms of work capacity, have e-learning courses on diversity and help everyone achieve their potential.

Answer 24

try to ensure that you treat everybody the same

Answer 25

Learned attitudes or stereotypes that exist in our subconscious and can involuntarily affect the way we think and act. **Affinity bias** - when we treat people more favourably, simple because they are like us or others we like. **Attractive bias** - we view attractive people are being more competent, and unattractive people less competent **Conformity bias** - pressure we feel to act due to the actions of others, not our own independent thinking.

Answer 26

Option A the Prices (PWDD) is assessed using the activity schedule. Wheras Option C PWDD is defined cost + fee less disallowed costs.

Answer 27

NRM 1 is used for cost planning, so was selected rather than say NRM 2 which is for compiling BOQ. I advised breaking it down to elementally, following the guidance of NRM 1, RIBA stage 3, formal cost plan is a level 4 estimate - sub-element

Answer 28

(This was for option A and North Street) I reviewed what was done on site and what I thought was at 100% in relation to the activity schedule.

Answer 29

This is a quantification and costing question, so you would not explain the CE process. I would conduct a CE process and assess the contractors quotation. This would be assessed using the Defined Costs under SSCC for option A and SCC for option C.

Answer 30

Because the template they had was for RIBA stage 1 and 2 and this was 3 and at this stage I was able to produce cost and quantification at sub-element level.

Answer 31

RIBA 1 is an **order of cost estimate** at **level 2** estimate, which is **group element** level. And RIBA stage 2 is the **formal cost plan 1** at **level 3 estimate**, which is **elements** [and **sub-elements** if design is developed enough and specification].

Answer 32

NRM 1: Order of cost estimating and cost planning for capital building works - Structured basis for measuring building works and production of cost estimates and cost plans. NRM 2: Detailed measurement for building works - Used when obtaining tender prices (BoQ and Schedule of rates). NRM 3: Order of cost estimating and cost planning for building maintenance works - Facilities management - Asset-specific cost plans during pre-construction phase. - Procurement and cost control of maintenance work

Answer 33

ITT, pricing document, form of tender, contractual documents, Specifications, drawings, Ers, Pre-construction H&S information

Answer 34

Tender Analysis In the tender analysis: * Checked for errors and exclusions. * I marked any outliers against the benchmark rate. * I completed a query and clarification sheet to make the tenderers like for like, e.g. separating fuel and plant and not including fuel in the plant rate. * I then did a weighting score, where each component was broken down into percentages. I advised the client on any elements of the tender that could be challenged and any notable exclusions/caveats. E.g. removing fuel from plant and negotiating some of the risk items to be contractors risk. I explained the commercial scoring to allow them to decide who to appoint onto the framework.

Answer 35

I did not do the technical side for Thames Water, but if I was to do the technical side I would look at whether there is **relevant and qualified staff **on the proposed team **whether they have understood the scope of works and ER's**. Technical Analysis: Involves assessing tenderers’ technical competencies and approach. A concise review of q**ualifications, capabilities, resources, methodology**, and quality management are evaluated, **ensuring the tenderer can technically fulfil the project requirements.**

Answer 36

Client's appetite for risk as well as cost, and quality outcomes, complexicty of the project and design.

Answer 37

I would need to understand the clients needs, explain the different procurement routes, assess the project and conduct a risk workshop to determine the clients risk appetite and then I can recommend a procurement route.

Answer 38

Check for errors and conflicts, compile a list of post-tender queries to ensure the prices are reviewed like-for like basis and any clarifications. Then compare the prices against the PTE or in the case of Thames Water benchmark rates compiled from the estimating team.

Answer 39

I would check assumptions and exlusions, I would check whether there are any items that should be split out, for example with Thames water I requested that plant and fuel was seperated out. Look at any additional items they have included and decide whether to remove or not.

Answer 40

the method of dealing with errors should have been outlined in the instruction to tenderers. The basic options are either to **allow the contractors to correct their error** or for the **contractors to stand by their price**. If any other significant error is discovered then contact must be made with the contractor as soon as possible to clarify the qualification/issue. If it cannot be resolved then they must be made aware that they will be discounted from the tender process. If it can be resolved then the tenderer must confirm this in writing.

Answer 41

**Legal and professional obligation** that requires individuals or organizations to **act in a matter that prevents harm to others**. Acting in the best interests of others, not acting or failing to act in a way that causes harm, and **acting within’s one’s abilities** without taking on anything that lies outside of their competence. The duty in 'tort' assumed by a professional to observe the **skill and care of a 'reasonable' professional** in providing professional services. Such a duty may in certain circumstances be assumed to a 'third party' as well as to the professional's contracted client.

Answer 42

Legal standards/requirements are implemented by governments either via statue or common law. Ethical standards on the other hand are derived from moral principles.

Answer 43

MM Complaints Handling Procedure – 8 steps – AINI - ICF – HN * Allocate the complaint to an appropriate person * Identify timescales for a response (7days to acknowledge from receipt, 28 days to respond) * Notify insurers for PII purpose * Investigate the complaint * Identify outcome / course of action * Communicate response to client * Formally record CH log * Have an internal lesson learnt *if the complaint cannot be resolved, it will be referred to an independent redress scheme, MM uses ombudsman

Answer 44

Feedback, keep them continusouly updated. Understand clients brief and expectations and manage client expectations

Answer 45

80% of repeatable work. Questionnaire - client satisfaction of 3 or more for the question, 'How would you rate your overall performance throughout the project (1 poor performance)'

Answer 46

When working on assessing compensation events. For example, Project Nato I have to explain to the contractor why I am requesting more substantiation for the CE. I want the contractor to understand the level of detail I want from them. While an PMs assessment is final, the Contractor can raise it as a dispute, so coming to an agreement is always beneficial for both parties.

Answer 47

A) I have to negotiate with contractors in my day-to-day role. For example, I want the contractor to accept my valuation assessment before I issue my recommendation to the client. I discuss the assessment to the contractor and explain why I am disallowing costs, for example if there was a cost acrued against roof trusses and they were not on site. I provide a clear explanation to my reasoning and request further substainiation if unsure about an item on the assessment. This often allows for an agreement of the cost for the certificate. etc etc.

Answer 48

Set up a teams call or a site visit to discuss, set up a negotation meeting. Explain my reasoning and listen to them. If they continue to disagree I would review the contract and look at the provisions on the contract, what the PM can disagree.

Answer 49

Working at height, moving objects, slips, trips and falls. Noise, hand arm vibration syndrome, material and manual handling, collapsing trenches, electricity, airborne fibres and materials (e.g. dust).

Answer 50

Ensure I have the right PPE, notify the site manager I am attending, attend any safety inductions if required, complete a drivers management plan if driving on site and view and sign a Risk assessment.

Answer 51

Includes risk items such as 'driving to and from site' and slips trips and falls, who might be harmed and how, control measures that can be undertaken to reduce the chance or mitigate the occurrence.

Answer 52

basic H&S procedures on site which a QS is required to enter a site. Briefs the QS on potential hazards they might face on site. **Construction Skills Certification Scheme** CSCS provide proof that individuals working in construction sites have the appropriate training and qualifications for the job they do. They must apply for the appropriate card (right card for your occupation), pass the H&S+E test and have proof of qualification and/or professional membership.

Answer 53

It notifies my company my intended travel, including details of journey in miles, justification for driving, factors to consider and decision making process.

Answer 54

Outlines the principles for the management of health and safety for firms and members of the RICS. It provides an overview of best practice for surveyors, including corporate and personal responsibilities relating to health & safety. RICS Regulated Firms must ensure they provide: A safe working environment Safe work equipment Safe systems of work Competent staff Individuals Be compentent to ensure you carry out your work safely, be adpatable and viligent, be aware of own limitations and be an effecgtive member of the team. * Perform their work safely (competency) * Able and prepared to work within systems of work. * Adaptable * Vigilant – of safety of theirs and others. * Awareness – aware of own abilities and limitations. * Teamwork – effective member of the team. Learnt about the safe person concept - each person assumes individual behavioural responsibility for their own, their colleagues and others H&S while at work. For example, understand their own limitations.

Answer 55

Working at height, moving objects, slips, trips and falls. Noise, hand arm vibration syndrome, material and manual handling, collapsing trenches, electricity, airborne fibres and materials (e.g. dust).

Answer 56

PFWDD is assessed by completed defined costs less disallowed cost + fee. I would review the records the contractor provided against the application and work on site and assess whether they are defined or disallowed costs.

Answer 57

Option A cost certianty with a lump sum - is ideal for straightforward projects and is easy to administrate payment using the activity schedule. Option C is a target contract, where arrangement forces collaboration as finacial success is shared between client and contractor. Risk is therefore shared.

Answer 58

‘Compensation events’ are events that entitle the Contactor to a possible increase in the ‘Prices’; and/or delay to the ‘Completion Date’ or ‘Key Date’. For a PM notified CE, I would notify the contractor of the CE then request a contractors quotation, I will assess the contractors quotation using defined costs + fee, or if agree rates or lump sum. If I agree I will notify of agreement then will implement the CE, changing the Price, the Completion Date and the Key Dates if required. .

Answer 59

There was a compensation event for change in PV suppliers as well as an allowance for reverse relay protection, because the extra electricity was unable to get back onto the grid. I reviewed the contractors assessment and requested substantiation for the allowance for the reverse relay protection, I received an email chain explaining the budget cost and assumptions made. I highlighted these to the PM and advised the client that once its confirmed that the protection is required and a quotation supplied, an CE should be issued to omit the allowance and include the actual cost.

Answer 60

An early warning if notified as soon as the PM or contractor becomes aware of the matter, which could increase the total of the Prices, delay completion, delay meeting key dates or impair the performance - so anything that will impact time, cost or quality. The PM enters the Early warning into the early warning register. An early warning meeting is conducted, looking at mitigation and solutions to the EW. PM revised the EW register 1 week after the workshop. If the decision needs to change to scope, the PM instructs the change at the same time as the revised EW register is issued. This then triggers the CE process, as a change in scope is a CE. The dividing date to assess the CE quotation is from the date of communication, so when the PM instructed the change to scope.

Answer 61

If a contractor fails to give an early warning of an event which subsequently arises, and that he was aware of, then the **CE is assessed as if he had given an early warning**. Therefore, if a timely early warning would have provided an opportunity to identify a more efficient manner of resolving the issues, then **the contractor will only be paid for that economic method of dealing with the event**.

Answer 62

Payless notice is a notification that the other party is going to pay less than the **notified sum**. This must be notified **7 days** before the final date for payment.

Answer 63

* Inform RICS * Register with RICS for Regulation * Have a Responsible Principal * Prepare a Complaints Handling Procedure that aligns with RICS guidance. * Prepare a Handling Client’s Money Procedure aligned with RICS requirements. * Obtain necessary insurances (Public liability, Employer Liability, Buildings Insurance, PI Insurance (what level do I need?). * Have a locum agreement in place if sole practitioner. * Abide by the rules of conduct for firms and use the designation ‘Regulated by RICS’ on all practice materials. * Set up staff training and CPD

Answer 64

Meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs.

Answer 65

Environmental sustainability involves managing resources and reducing pollution. Social sustainability focuses on equity, justice, and community well-being. Economic sustainability requires businesses to balance profit with environmental and social considerations. ⦁ Environmental Sustainability: Managing natural resources to minimize negative impacts on the planet. ⦁ Social Sustainability: Creating an equitable society with access to basic needs and opportunities. ⦁ Economic Sustainability: Balancing economic growth with long-term stability. Examples **Economic development** - job creation and stability, and circular economy. **Social Development** - employee wellbeing, education (such as apprenticeship) **Environmental protection** - responsible use of natural resources, better management of waste and minimizing carbon footprint (such as Encourage low-carbon design and local materials).

Answer 66

Part L Conservation of fuel and power- aka Energy Efficiency Part O - overheating Part L Building Regulations is a set of requirements that focus on the energy efficiency of buildings in the UK. It outlines the minimum standards for insulation, heating systems, and overall energy performance. These regulations aim to reduce the carbon footprint of buildings (by **31%**) , promote the **use of renewable energy**, and ultimately enhance the sustainability of the construction industry.

Answer 67

First programme is when the Contractor submits a programme for the PM to accept when no programme is idnetified in the Contract Data. Contractor submits for acceptance within the period stated in the Contract Data. The Accepted Programme is a key project management tool in the NEC form and is crucial for achieving the NEC’s objectives. Broadly, it has two roles: 1. To ensure that all parties know what they have to do, and when; and 2. To provide a tool to enable the prompt and (hopefully) prospective assessment of compensation events and, specifically, the extensions of time claimed pursuant to them.

Answer 68

If no programme that 1/4 of the PWDD is retained in assesments of the amount due until the Contractor has submitted a first programme to the PM for accpetance showing the information which the contract requires.

Answer 69

Activity Schedule: Option A Priced contract and Option C Target Contract BOQ: Option B Priced and Option D Target Option E Reimbursable Option F: Management Contract

Answer 70

Risk can be considered in relation to **Quantity** risk and **Efficiency** risk. Option A Contractor Option B *Quantity* Client and Contractor*Efficiency* Option C Shared risk Option D *Quantity* Client and Shared *Efficiency* Option E - Client Option F - depends on subcontractor used The Client also decides risk allocation with its choice of secondary options. The best examples are X1, price adjustment for inflation and X2, changes in the law. If those options are not included, then the Contractor takes the relevant risk.

Answer 71

JCT Variations – in JCT D&B is it ‘change’, for any other JCT contract it is ‘variation’. Employer issues an instruction for a variation/change. Should an instruction be given by Employer in any other format that in writing, the Contractor can confirm the instruction to the Employer. Should the Employer not respond in 7 days, the instruction becomes effective. The CA may ask the contractor to submit a variation quotation when a variation is instructed, Contractor should value work in accordance with the Valuation rules, generally these are as per contract rates. Where the works are carried out under different conditions or is not similar to other works in the contract “fair rates and prices” are to be used.

Answer 72

Income and Expenses (also known as Income Statement) over a specified time, prepared on an annual basis.

Answer 73

Asset Liability Equity at a single point in time

Answer 74

Profit and loss is income and expesnes over a specified time Balance Sheet is asset liability and equity at a single point in time.

Answer 75

They are used to assess business profitability, balance sheet structure and overall business performance. Typically theses measures are expressed as ratio or a percentage. Ratio Analysis Method of gaining insight into a company’s liquidity, efficiency and profitability by studying its financial statements. Common examples; * Liquidity Ratios - Measure a company’s ability to pay off its short-term debts. * Solvency Ratios - Compare a company’s debt levels with its assets, equity, and earnings. * Profitability Ratios - These ratios convey how well a company can generate profits from its operations. * Efficiency Ratios - Also called activity ratios, efficiency ratios evaluate how efficiently a company uses its assets to generate sales and maximize profits.

Answer 76

When it is no longer necessary to keep it. A firm has a retention policy that sets out how long different types of data should be kept for. If it is personal information then as already mentioned or when a the individual requests it to be deleted.

Answer 77

**General Data Protection Regulation** Provides a **legal framework** for keeping everyone’s **personal data safe** by requiring companies to have robust **processes in place for handling and storing personal information**. GDPR has 7 key principles on personal data: 1. used fairly, lawfully and transparently 2. used for specified, explicit purposes 3. used in a way that is adequate, relevant and limited to only what is necessary 4. accurate and, where necessary, kept up to date 5. kept for no longer than is necessary 6. handled in a way that ensures appropriate security, including protection against unlawful or unauthorised processing, access, loss, destruction or damage

Answer 78

Common Data Environmen – defined by ISO 19650 3:3:15 is a digital platform that centralized project data storage and access.

Answer 79

Computer network for sharing information within an organisation.

Answer 80

The individual rights are: I A R E DM the right to be informed; the right of access; the right to rectification; the right to erasure/ be forgotten the right to restrict processing; the right to data portability the right to object (under MOD) and the right not to be subject to automated decision-making.

Answer 81

You will be fined. For less serious breaches this is **10 million euros** or **2% of the firms global turnover**, whichever is greater. For more serious offences **£20m** or **4% of the global turnover**. However, it’s important to note that these are maximum figures and the actual fines can vary depending on the specifics of each case.. In addition to financial penalties, non-compliance can also lead to damage to reputation and loss of customer confidence.

Answer 82

DISX - cloud desktop, seperate from your laptop (ecure, scalable and fully managed platform) Sharepoint - limiting access and on the cloud rather than on personal laptop.

Answer 83

Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors

Answer 84

Expected Monetary Value = Probability (0-100%) x impact (£) EMV is a statistical technique to calculate the contingency/risk allowance

Answer 85

Method for understanding and measuring the possible impact of project risks in both cost and schedule

Answer 86

Identify your interest and needs as well as those of the other party. Research, gather information and establish my BATNA and WATNA Define my objectives. Plan my strategy and tactics.

Answer 87

**Approved Document Part L** - all new buildings should be built with the aim to increase conservation of fuel and power. **Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method** (BREEAM) is a a method of assessing, rating and certifying the sustainability of buildings

Answer 88

**Approved Document Part L** - all new buildings should be built with the aim to increase **conservation of fuel and power**. **Standard Assessment Procedure** - is used to assess compliance Assessment scored by EPC - **Energy Performance Cert** rating from A-G. Min energy Efficiency Standards (MEES) - min EPC rating of E for rented buildings, this is expected to **change to C** from 2025.

Answer 89

Payment Contractor submits application before the assessment date > PM assesses the amount due at each assessment date > > PM certifies a payment within **1 week of each assessment date** > > > **Certified payment made within 3 weeks of the assessment date** (if late interest is paid on the late payment).

Answer 90

Issuing Instructions 13.1 each communication has to be a form which can be read, copied and recorded. All instruction should be in writing. 14.2 PM may give an instruction to the Contractor which changes the scope or Key Date. 10.1 the contract requires all parties to act as stated in the contract (Clause 10.1)1. The Contractor is obliged to follow the instructions given by the Project Manager as per the contract. However, the specifics of whether the Contractor can say ‘no’ to an instruction would depend on the exact terms and conditions of the contract.

Answer 91

* £17.5 million or 4% of the total annual worldwide turnover in the preceding financial year, whichever is higher

Answer 92

Risk Sharing – Client and Contractor share risk. Risk Transfer – to Contractor Risk Avoidance – try to avoid the risk, e.g. alternative design solution. Risk Reduction – where risk is unacceptable risks are mitigated e.g. conduct a site investigation. Risk Retention – appropriate risk allowance identified in the cost plan to be reserved and managed by the employer.

Answer 93

Percentile, P10, P50 and P90, optimistic, most likely and pessimistic. Client determines budget with P50 which is a probability that the actual values outcomes will exceed this value.

Answer 94

I review the effect of the risk occurring and calculating the impact against the time and cost. I will also raise any risks I am aware of and suggest any mitigation strategies if capable and competent to do this.

Answer 95

Ground Contamination: For ground contamination, the project team calculates the probability of the risk occurring and time impact. I then produce costs for the prolongation costs, using the latest cost plan, for example 4 weeks delay will lead to 4 weeks prelims for QS, Design team, PM and Contractor standing down. I then provide an cost allowance for the risk, so with ground contamination I find a rate (rebase and adjust - add defence layer) for removal of contaminated ground (from spons) and min, ml and max additional costs would be 5%-20% and 40% of the total area of excavation. Impact can also be determined by RIBA stage. E.g. if at RIBA stage 4 then Contractor prelims would not be included.

Answer 96

Summary: Request a copy of the **contractors company accounts** for the last 3 years which would include the Profit & Loss Statement, Balance Sheet and Cash Flow Statement. I would then be able to assess: * If the contractor had been profitable in the last few years. * Calculate their liquidity ratio by looking at their assets vs their liabilities to see if they would be able to cover losses under a contract and stay solvent. * I would always caveat any advice given to a client on a contractors financial position and recommend that further advice is sought through financial reports and a qualified accountant. Detailed response: Find the company on the companies house, asking financial questions in the PTE or PQQ to establish the contractors financial help. When inviting contractors to tender there could be a request for the following items: Financial Statements: Request audited financial statements for the last three years. This can help assess the company’s profitability, liquidity, and overall financial stability. Legal Actions: Ask if there are any outstanding legal actions against the contractor. This can highlight potential risks. Subcontractors: If the contractor plans to use subcontractors, ask for details about these subcontractors. This can include their qualifications, experience, and financial standing. Insurance Details: Ask for details about the contractor’s insurance coverage. This should include the type and amount of coverage they have.

Answer 97

RICS - Developing **plans to better support the profession and the leadership contribution it can make to society in a post COVID-19 world** as part of our work following the major consultation with members and stakeholders undertaken in early 2021. Corporate Objectives: 1. Improve stakeholders **trust and confidence in RICS**. 2. Ensure **RICS qualifications remain relevant for the next, more diverse generation**. 3. **Influential thought leaders** 4. **Increase member participation**. 5. Improve out **financial suitability** and **enhance transparency**.

Answer 98

Overview: Summary - **double net revenue size and grow existing client accounts**. Be the consultant of choice in the global marketplace and achieving 90% reduction in GHG emissions by 2040. More profit, more repeatable clients, more tender wins, better client retention, 90% reduction in GHG emissions by 2040. Detail: Increase net revenue to 250m by 2026 and staff by 2300 by 2026. Our vision is to be the consultant of choice in our global marketplace, and our values are progress, respect, integrity, drive, and excellence (PRIDE) We aim to improve society by considering social outcomes in everything we do, relentlessly focusing on excellence and digital innovation, transforming our clients’ businesses, their communities and employee opportunities. We also commit to achieving a 90% reduction in GHG emissions by 2040 and to design and deliver our projects to maximise our contribution to the UN SDGs

Answer 99

A business plan purpose is to **outline** the businesses strategy and **vision**, establish its **goals**, identify and manage any **risk** and to **communicate** all this to stakeholders. It can also be used to securing funding, managing growth, and ensuring long-term success.

Answer 100

Summary: The Project Manager uses the programme to assess a Compensation Event (CE) by comparing the planned and actual completion dates. If the CE causes a delay, it’s measured as the time difference between these dates. This applies to both the overall completion and key dates. Any delay already accounted for in the programme or events between the programme acceptance and dividing date are also considered. Detail: 63.5 delay to the Completion Date assessed as the length of time that, due to the CE, planned Completion is later than planned Completion as shown on the Accepted Programme current at the dividing date. Delay to a Key Date assesses as the length of time that, due to the CE, the planned date when the Condition stated for a Key date will be met is later than the date shown on the Accepted Programme current at the dividing date. Any delay caused by the CE already in the Accepted Programme Events which have happened between the date of the accepted programme and the dividing date.

Answer 101

GDPR is Europe wide **regulation** that provides a legal framework for keeping everyone’s **personal data safe** by requiring companies to have robust **processes in place for handling and storing personal information**. Data Protection Act 2018 is the UK implementation of the GDPR and enforces rules that are functionally equivalnet to the GDPR.

Answer 102

Generally Accepted Accounting Practice. GAAP - accounting standards. They are a set of rules which regulate how accounts are prepared by providing a framework to ensure companies and organisations are transparent and honest in their financial reporting.

Answer 103

A business plan is a formal written document containing the business goals, methods on how these goals will be attained and the timeframe which these goals need to have been achieved Purpose of a business plan is to outline the businesses strategy and vision, establish its goals, identify and manage any risk and to communicate all this to stakeholders.

Answer 104

**Corporate plan** describes where the overall business is headed and outlines a roadmap to get there. **A strategic plan** is generally used for internal purposes as a foundational plan for the entire business. **An operational plan** focuses on mapping out the day to day operation activities a business needs to complete to achieve tactical goals as part of the strategic plan.

Answer 105

Education Facility I used a new build m2 rate for services from CPAC for education/indoor training this totalled 470k, this was an allowance for unforeseen remediation work to services for training facility.

Answer 106

MMC is modern methods of construction, and is when a component/element is prefabricated offsite Advantages Less time on site, not impacted by inclement weather, reduce waste, improved quality - factory conditions enable higher quality control Disadvantages Initial upfront, expensive moulds - more suitable for repetitive work. Untrained staff handling components on-site may face safety and security risks. Difficulties getting it to site

Answer 107

Frames 2 major types 1. Rigid frame structure - Fixed end rigid frame - Pin ended rigid framed structure 2. Braced frame structure - gabled frames - portal frames Rigid Frame - **linear elements like beams and columns**, they are **pin ended or fixed ended**. Used for steel and reinforced concrete buildings. Used for open long unobstructed space (e.g. workshop) Braced Frame - **beam and columns pinned connected with bracing to resist lateral load**. Simple to analyse and construct. Used when space is limited, as can be designed within thickness of wall.

Answer 108

Foundations Act to safely transfer load of material into the ground. Type chosen dependent on: on load being transmitted, bearing capacity of the soil, space availability, costs, storey height etc. **Shallow Foundations**: ⦁ Strip Foundation: Continuous strip of support to a linear structure such as a wall. Designed for a continuous load equal along the whole strip. Suitable for most subsoils and lightweight loadings. ⦁ Pad Foundations: Square concrete ‘pads’ that support localised single-point loads. Suitable for lightweight warehouses. (Project Hydra workshop) ⦁ Raft Foundations: slab that covers a wide area (often the entire footprint of a building). Suitable where ground conditions are poor or where it may be impractical to create individual strip of pad foundations for a large number of individual loads. **Deep Foundations**: ⦁ Pile Foundations - Used where there is soil of poor bearing capacity near the surface. ⦁ Most piles are **end bearing**, where the loads are transferred through the top of the pile to harder subsoil. ⦁ **Frictions piles** gain bearing capacity through the shear stress along the sides of the pile. What are the types of piled foundations? (in terms of installation) ⦁ Replacement (bored) piles ⦁ Displacement (driven) piles ⦁ Sheet Piling ⦁ Contiguous Piles (forms a retaining wall - often used in deep basements) ⦁ Secant Piles

Answer 109

Act to safely transfer load of material into the ground. Approved Doc A - buildings shall be constructed so that grounds movements or landslip or subsidence, will not impair the stability of the building. How is a foundation selected? Considerations ⦁ Load-bearing capacity - weight of the building and additional loads ⦁ Soil type and properties ⦁ Building type and shape ⦁ Environmental conditions - e.g. seismic ones may require reinforced foundations. ⦁ Cost and construction time - balancing cost with performance Shallow foundations - Raft, pad and Strip Used for smaller and lighter buildings. Deep Foundation - Pile foundations Transfer weight of the superstructure to a layer of bedrock to ensure structural stability, suitable for sky scrapers, bridges etc.

Answer 110

I included in my report the actual spend against the tender submission anticipated spend and this showed that the spend was not at the expected spend of the tender submission.

Answer 111

Recommendation of a suitable contractor based on the value of the tender. Prepared by the QS for submission to the client. Acts as an audit trail for the selection process. * Executive Summary * List of tenderers and their bids * Scope of the works * Pre-qualification criteria * The tender evaluation criteria * Reasons for rejection of unsuccessful tenders * Reasons for the recommendation * Summary of any post-tender negotiations * Comparison with the pre-tender estimate * Conclusion and appendices.

Answer 112

Access to and within the building must be **step free** and all parts open to the public must be accessible without the need for steps or stairs. Doors and corridors must be wide enough to accommodate wheelchair users, and there must be sufficient space for wheelchair users to turn around. Accessible toilets must be provided, with appropriate facilities for disabled visitors or occupants.

Answer 113

The 2006 paper titled ‘Principles of Inclusive Design’ define inclusive design as **‘making places everyone can use’** as well as **removing barriers** that ‘create undue effort and separation.’ Examples – ramps and avoiding the use of stairs. There are 5 principles set up by the construction industry council (CIC) for inclusive design: 1. Placing people at the heart of the design process. 2. Acknowledging diversity and difference. 3. Offering choice where a single solution cannot accommodate all users. 4. Providing flexibility in use 5. Creating an environment that is convenient and enjoyable for all to use.

Answer 114

Inclusive design can be achieved by following ⦁ The National planning policy framework (NPPF) ⦁ Approved Document M ⦁ BS 8300 ⦁ Changing Place Campaign ⦁ The Equality Act 2010 ⦁ **Part K** - protection from falling, collision impact. **Ensure doors have vision panels that allow wheelchair users to see through**.

Answer 115

The Equality Act 2010 replaced the Disability Discrimination Acts of 1995 and 2005. Section 20 states that disabled individuals should not face barriers to access premises. Treat everyone equally and fairly. Equality Act 2010 - brought together various anti-discrimination laws into one single act, so any unlawful treatment (discrimination, harassment or victimisation) relating to one of the Equality Act protected characteristics. The characteristics that are protected by the Equality Act 2010 are: DRGRAMPSS ⦁ Disability ⦁ Race ⦁ Gender reassignment ⦁ Age ⦁ Marriage of civil partnership (in employment only) ⦁ Pregnancy and maternity ⦁ Sex ⦁ Sexual orientation, The Act also provides for protection against discrimination by association, which provides protection for people who are discriminated against because someone close to them falls under the definition of one of the protected characteristics.

Answer 116

Summary: RICS is launching a scheme known as the Employer Quality Mark. It is designed to improve diversity and inclusion within the property and construction sector. Detail: Among the many ways in which RICS is supporting workplace diversity and inclusion is the Inclusive Employer Quality Mark (IEQM). Launched in 2015, the IEQM is based on 6 principles: leadership and vision; recruitment; staff retention; staff development; staff engagement; and continuous improvement. The IEQM aims to encourage firms of all sizes to look carefully at their employment practices and prioritise inclusivity. More than 120 companies have already signed up to the IEQM, allowing us to reach more than 150,000 people in total. The mark is designed to change behaviour by encouraging all firms, large and small, to look carefully at their employment practices and put inclusivity at the heart of what they do

Answer 117

people of all cultural orientations can freely express who they are, their own opinions and points of view.

Answer 118

Inclusivity fosters teamwork, appreciation, wellbeing and many other attributes that make up a positive work environment. Employees are treated as individuals and supported no matter what - creating a positive atmosphere conducive to engagement. It makes work a nice place to be.

Answer 119

**Equality Act** The Equality Act 2010 replaced the Disability Discrimination Acts of 1995 and 2005. Section 20 states that disabled individuals should not face barriers to access premises. **The Human Rights Act 1998** Sets out the fundamental rights and freedoms that everyone in the UK is entitled to).

Answer 120

Ensures there is enough funding at different stages, it indicates whether cash flow is as anticipated or over /under the contractors initial cash flow submission. It can act as a cash prediction, forecast when costs will incur and provides an indicative idea of whether the project is on programme.

Answer 121

Use risk register and keep it updated as well as on cash flow forecast report I provide the total risk allowance, how much has been spent (if any) and anticipated spend of risk allowance. The risk register was reviewed and updated, closing risks when no longer a risk as programme progresses and updating with any emerging risks. This would then update the risk allowance, I would then produce a table showing the **risk allowance, risk allowance remaining, total risk spend and forecast allowance remaining**.

Answer 122

So, the key difference lies in the risk allocation and the level of collaboration required. Option A is more straightforward but puts more risk on the contractor. Option C requires more active cost management and collaboration but can potentially deliver better value for money. Option A - I update the contract sum when CE's have been implemented and provide forcast final price determined by CE's (agreed and anticpated). Option C - I update the target cost when CE has been implemented and report the actual costs against the target cost to determine the final actual cost and the forecast the pain gain share.

Answer 123

Keeping the CE schedule up to date and reporting this to the client, agreeing CE's in a timely manner and producing a monthly report showing the CE's and how this has increased the original contract sum.

Answer 124

I would change the Completion Date and the Key dates accordingly. This assessment takes into account any delay caused by the CE already in the Accepted Programme and events which have happened between the date of the Accepted Programme and the dividing date. Option A (Priced Contract with Activity Schedule): In this case, the risk of delay is largely borne by the Contractor. If a CE causes delay, the PM would assess the impact on the Completion Date and decide whether to grant an extension of time. The Prices would only change if the CE also changes the total Defined Cost. Option C (Target Contract with Activity Schedule): Here, the risk of delay is shared between the Contractor and the Employer. If a CE causes delay, the PM would assess the impact on both the Completion Date and the Prices. The Prices would be adjusted based on the change in Defined Cost and the share percentages.

Answer 125

Notify the client and the PM. PM may then request a meeting or trigger the early warning process.

Answer 126

Assess what is causing delay and whether it is a CE. An assessment would be made by the Contractor to understand how much the CE will impact the projet cost and schedule. Costs may include any delay or disruptions, e.g. abortive costs such as on Project Apollo, abortive due to the airplane being too close to the working area and the S/C could not work. Behind schedule could lead to increased costs, these additional costs would be shared between the Employer and the Contractor based on the share percentage. Contractor rewquired to update the programme. Including forecast effect of known delays and CEs. (Option A - risk of delay with the Contractor, accept if a CE - then the Completion date is amended and delay damages entitled to).

Answer 127

Structured method for objectively measuring project performance. Yes I saw it mentioned in RICS Value Managementand Value engineering guidance notes. EVM is a technique used in project management, for instance by contractors, to **measure the progress of a project** in a defined and objective manner, and **assess whether resources are being used efficiently**. It does this by comparing three different measures to **determine whether the project is ahead of or behind its budgets for time and/or cost**"

Answer 128

Because it is an contractual obligation. 31.4 - the contract requests that the contractor provides information which shows how each activity on the activity schedule relates to the operations on each programme submitted for acceptance. Because it makes it easier to make an assessment of compensation events and financial forecasting easier. For option A activity schedule effects the timing and amount of payment to the contractor. In conclusion, the alignment of the activity schedule and programme under NEC ECC is essential for effective project management, risk management, maintaining cash flow, and ensuring transparency and clarity in the project"

Answer 129

Reasons Behind ⦁ Contractor working more slowly than anticipated ⦁ Resequencing of works ⦁ Difficulty in procuring materials and securing labour. Reasons Ahead ⦁ Acceleration ⦁ Materials delivered to sire in preparation of work.

Answer 130

Summary Terminology has changed Value percentage % Programme acceptance New contracts (such as PSC and design & build and operate) New secondary clauses - incl senior rep in W clauses and W3 for international market + additional x clauses Fee % now only 1 fee. Time bar for agreeing defined cost. More details Terminology has changed, employer now client, works information now scope, no more him/hers, risk register now EW register, Employers risk is client's liability, Value engineering percentage is new to NEC 4. Programme accepted if PM does not reply within timeframes set out in the contract, fee was split between S/C and direct costs, NEC 4 now only one free for all types of work. Defined cost there is a time-based process for agreeing defined costs and time-based process for final account. New contracts such as PSC and D&S and operate. W clause senior rep is introduced and WS new clause for international market.

Answer 131

Application for payment - contractor submits an application for payment on or before the assessment date, amount due including the price for work done to date and any other amounts payable to the contractor, retention (if applicable), CE,s and then would include records to allow the PM to determine what actual costs accrued by the contractor, such as invoices, receipts and timesheets.

Answer 132

Customer retention Employer retention Company Reputation World of mouth Sets your Business apart from competition

Answer 133

A prominent piece of legislation related to workplace safety is: **The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974** (describes the **general duties** that employers have towards their employees and to members of the public in the UK). Though, more specifically for construction, is the: **Building Safety Act 2022** (The objectives of the Act are to learn the lessons from the Grenfell Tower fire and to remedy the systemic issues identified by Dame Judith Hackitt by strengthening the whole regulatory system for building safety. This will be achieved by ensuring there is greater accountability and responsibility for fire and structural safety issues throughout the lifecycle of buildings in scope of the new regulatory regime for building safety.) - The Act will create a clear, proportionate framework for the design, construction and management of safer buildings in England in the years to come **Construction Design and Management Regulations 2015** The main set of regulations for managing the health, safety and welfare of construction projects. QS is a Designer.

Answer 134

Designed to ensure the safety and well-being of employees who are constantly on the move. - Evaluates potential risks associated with the journey (e.g. road conditions and weather). - Journey planning - Vehicle and Equipment Check Driving Management Plan A document that I fill in if I plan to drive to another office or site. I fill in details of the trip and review whether the trip is necessary, any risks associated and ensure that my mileage that week is not excessive.

Answer 135

Good Management Clear Contract Documentation Good Project Management Record keeping regular reporting and communication.

Answer 136

Negotiation - problem solving efforts of the parties Mediation - 3rd party intervention doesn't led to binding decision being imposed Adjudication - final outcome determined by a 3rd party and doesn't impost binding decision.

Answer 137

Ensuring that buildings and dwellings are accessible to everyone is a fundamental step toward creating an inclusive environment. By removing barriers and accommodating diverse needs, we foster a sense of belonging and promote social equity. Whether it’s ramps, wider doorways, or well-designed accessible toilets, these features benefit not only people with disabilities but also parents with strollers, elderly individuals, and anyone who may require assistance. Inclusion starts with thoughtful design and extends to how we interact within these spaces Further info Approved Document M is closely related to creating inclusive environments by ensuring that buildings and dwellings are accessible to everyone, including those with disabilities or mobility challenges. Approved Document M provides detailed guidance on how to design and construct buildings to meet accessibility standards. By following these guidelines, architects, builders, and designers can create spaces that accommodate people of all abilities.

Answer 138

BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method) is a sustainability assessment method that is used to masterplan projects, infrastructure and buildings. Acceptable to outstanding A method of assessing, rating and certifying the sustainability of buildings. It is a best practice standard for the environmental performance of buildings through: design, construction, specification and operation.

Answer 139

How do you assess a CE? 1. Defined Cost and Fee: ⦁ The Defined Cost for a CE includes the actual cost of work done up to the dividing date (DD) and the forecasted cost of work not yet done by the DD. ⦁ The fee (percentage) is added to the Defined Cost to calculate the total amount payable to the Contractor. ⦁ For Option A (SSCC), the Defined Cost includes direct costs (people, plant, materials, subcontractors) and excludes fee. ⦁ For Option C (SSC), the Defined Cost includes all costs (direct and indirect) plus fee. 2. Reviewing the Contractor’s CE: ⦁ I review the CE submitted by the Contractor. ⦁ Verify that the CE qualifies as a valid Compensation Event based on the contract provisions (NEC4 ECC Clause 60.1). ⦁ Ensure there are no errors or discrepancies in the Contractor’s submission. 3. Assessing Defined Costs: ⦁ For Option A (SSCC): - Examine the direct costs (people, plant, materials, subcontractors) affected by the CE. - Confirm that the fee percentage used aligns with the contract data (Part 1). ⦁ For Option C (SSC): - Consider both direct and indirect costs (including overheads and other costs). - Check if agreed rates (from tender pricing documents or contract data Part 2) have been applied. - If rates are not provided, conduct benchmarking against similar projects or industry standards to determine reasonable rates. 4. Time Impact: ⦁ If the CE causes a delay to the Completion Date: ⦁ Review the updated Accepted Programme (schedule) submitted by the Contractor. ⦁ Analyze the time impact indicated in the Contractor’s quotation. ⦁ Consult with the PM and consider past projects with similar complexities. ⦁ Seek assistance from a planner if needed. 5. Value for Money (VFM): ⦁ Assess whether the compensation requested by the Contractor is reasonable and provides VFM. ⦁ Consider the impact on project objectives, cost, and time. ⦁ Ensure that the Contractor is neither unfairly gaining nor losing due to the CE.

Answer 140

Professional Services Contract Used for providing a service. Is for a fairly significant consultancy service, PSSC can be used for smaller services, or small firm that is PM for a NEC. It is a way of getting early contract involvement before construction commences. Parties - Client and Consultant Service Manager - same as PM in ECC, day to day acting on behalf of the client.

Answer 141

NEC have Compensation Events and effects **time and cost together** JCT **splits up time and cost** and has variations/ claims Variations is a change in scope that the Employer instructs Claim - A claim refers to a formal request made by one party (usually the contractor) to another party (usually the employer) for compensation or an entitlement under the contract. JCT Variation is an instruction to change the scope of works. This could entitle the contractor to claim for EOT and/or loss of expense under relevant matters and/or relevant events.

Answer 142

Asset - what company owns Liability - what company owes / debt / obligations

Answer 143

Management Account Information to people within an organisation Company Account Information to people outside the company

Answer 144

Gearing ratios – **compare capital within the company against its debts** The gearing is a measure of companies financial leverage and sets out what proportion of the firms activities are funded by shareholders vs its creditor funds. long term liabilities / equity shareholders funds (debt) (owners cpaital)

Answer 145

- Cashflow statement reflect historical transactions. Forecast into expected future cash movements.

Answer 146

- employers’ cash flow is tied to overall business operations, while contractors’ cash flow is project-specific and more self-directed

Answer 147

Business Strategy Vs Business Plan Business strategy is an outline of the actions and decisions a company plans to take to reach its goals and objectives. Business Plan is a formal document, that includes the strategy as well as outlining its goals, type of business and market conditions etc. A strategy is a long-term approach or overarching plan that guides an organization or individual towards achieving a specific goal or objective. Strategy comes first, then a plan. A plan is a detailed outline of the specific actions, routine procedures, timelines, and resources required to execute a strategy or achieve a specific objective. You can use different tactics for better plan fulfilment. Tactics are different from strategies in that they provide methods to accomplish the plan effectively. Summary - business strategy is about long-term direction and competitive advantage, while a business plan is more tactical, focusing on immediate operational functions.

Answer 148

I would call for help and check if it safe to get to the injured person. I would contact the emergency service while someone more equipped provide medical care.

Answer 149

Delegated authority allows team members to make decisions, take action, and communicate on behalf of the group within predefined boundaries. To prepare you need to 1. Define Roles 2. Set Boundaries 3. Communicate Clearly 4. Empower Teammates (encourage your teammates to use their judgement and take initiative within their defined roles). 5. Monitor Progress (track of each team members contributions and outcomes of the decision). 6. Adjust as Needed (flexibility during the process, adjust the level of authority delegated to team member as negotiations progress and circumstances change).

Answer 150

A risk register workshop would have been completed and risk register filled in with risk items, risk owner, cause and effect as well as probability and impact calculated post and pre mitigation. I would then provide costs for the prolongation costs (e.g. prelims and professional fees while everyone is standing down) nb. that all will endevaour to resource out to other projects to reduce prolongation costs. I would then determine additional costs associated with the risk, e.g. removal asbestos and mitigation strategy costs if applicable, e.g. asbestos survey. This will then allow the client to decide whether to undertake the mitigation strategy. I will update the risk register as the project progresses, for example remove mitigation strategy if say a survey was conducted, this is now has been expended and probablity can be updated. I will also provide costs for new risk items or update risk items costs if narrative changes.

Answer 151

There is the use of bamboo for structural material. It is fast growing and plenty. Also straw for insulation and using concrete from demolited buildings for foundation layer of roads.

Answer 152

Asssets is want the company owns Liability is what the company owes Assets - Assets are the items your company owns that can provide future economic benefit. Liabilities are what you owe other parties. In short, assets put money in your pocket, and liabilities take money out!

Answer 153

Value Engineering optimizes cost and functionality without reducing project value, while reducing scope cuts costs by decreasing project scale or objectives, potentially lowering project value.

Answer 154

APD division business plan Increase profits by 70% Increase win rate by 50% Want to be recognised as a leader provider of advisroy services Grow and retain a diverse workforce Sustain and grow technical excellence and dirve for greater efficiencty.

Answer 155

Arbitration is binding and it can be a much longer and more formal process. It is when an independent and neutral arbitrator is appointed and the arbitrator gives a decision on the dispute. Adjudication involves the quick resolution of disputes between parties where an adjudicator hears the outline of both sides of the argument and makes a fast decision within 28 days. Often the dispute is decided on paper only.

Answer 156

The weighting was 60/40% quality and commercial. I dealt with the commercial analysis. This was then broken down further, e.g. staff, design, labour, S/C etc with different weighting. Each category is scored and multiplied by a weighting. I got the average cost per hour for the core roles, divided the cost against the cheapest and times the sum by the weighting, which was 10% then divided that by the commerical weighting of 20%. (Staff rate was 20%, Design was 10%, Labour was 30%, S/C was 15% and plant was 25%).

Answer 157

* RIBA Stage 0 - Level 1: group element: the primary classifications used for grouping elements (i.e. headings). - can also be floor area method (cost per square metre x project area) and functional unit method (e.g. per bed space, per house type or per m2 of retail area) * RIBA Stage 1 - Level 2: element: key part of a group element. * RIBA Stage 2 - Level 3: sub-element: part of an element. One or more sub-element will constitute an element. * RIBA Stage 3 - Level 4: component: a building work item that forms part of a sub-element. One or more components will be measured to ascertain the cost of an element or sub-element. RIBA Stage 4 - Level 5: Component.

Answer 158

Registering to be 'Regulated by RICS' Your firm will need to meet several preconditions for registering. It must: - Offer professional services in surveying disciplines to professional, corporate, institutional and other clients who rely on such services. - Have at least 25% of principals (a senior manager, partner or owner), who are qualified RICS professionals (MRICS, FRICS, AssocRICS). - Agree to observe and comply with RICS Rules of Conduct for Firms, including working to RICS standards (and professional obligations).

Answer 159

I would ensure that I understand the client's needs and expectations. Clearly communicate my progress and request for information before it becomes time sensitive and be proactive in my communication with them.

Answer 160

For project H, the project was a office and workshop, I asked the designer whether acoustic barriers had been considered in the office area. They said at this stage it had not, and therefore added an exclusion that this was not included in the cost and will be included at RIBA stage 4 design. I also received specialist equipment quotation from supplier for the workshop.

Answer 161

Age of the building, the likelihood that services have not been updated for a while and high risk are not at a suitable standard and previous experience on projects. Once the project progresses this can be updated as well as the risk register.

Answer 162

Concrete slab is a 6-8-inch-thick concrete pad directly on top of prepared soil (usually with sand or gravel for drainage) Concrete slab was selected due to its simplicity to construct, relatively inexpensive, don’t require deep digging. Stable base for structures, distribute load evenly. Modular units are not as heavy as traditional buildings; therefore a simple concrete slab would suffice. Concrete slabs have been used for previous modular units. For modular units, consider these options: * Concrete Slab: Simple and cost-effective. * Strip Foundations: Suitable for load-bearing walls. * Trench Fill Foundations: Good for uneven ground. * Raft Foundations: Distribute loads evenly. * Pad Foundations: Provide stability without excessive depth.

Answer 163

For O&M, inspections, reactive maintenance and cleaning I calculated the annual cost using BCIS and allowances given the condition of the building. For a new build the annual costs will be 100% whereas for a refurbishment the annual cost will be 125% for the first 25 years, then 150% to 40 years and 175% for 40-60 years. Do nothing, will be at 175%. These % were determined by the QS team from previous experience.

Answer 164

When you refurbish you add around 25 years to the life expectancy but unlikely you will gain the full efficiency as a new building and maintenance costs higher than if the building was brand new. Refurb has lower energy efficiency - often lack insultation and efficient heating/cooling systems. Reactive maintenance - wear and tear over time can lead to unexpected repairs. Need for more regular inspections and proactive maintenance. Life cycle costing - new builds have higher upfront costs, but their energy efficiency and minimal maintenance needs can off set this.

Answer 165

BS 8300 – Design of an accessible and inclusive built environment. BS 9999 – Fire Safety in the design management and use of buildings. BS EN 16627:205 deals with the assessment of the economic performance of buildings and provide calculation methods as part of sustainability in construction work.

Answer 166

British Standards – are publications issued by the British Standards Institutions prefixed BS. They give recommended minimum standards for materials, components, design and construction practices. Part B - Fire Part M - Part M – Access to and use of buildings Part L - conservation of fuel and power FYI - Building Regulations – statutory instruments that set out the minimum performance standards for the design and construction of buildings. Supported by the Approved Documents and other codes of practice.

Answer 167

> Reasonable foreseeability of the damage > Proximity of the parties > Whether it is fair, just and reasonable to impose a duty on the defendant

Answer 168

Final Assessment PM assesses the final amount due and certifies a final payment, **no later than 4 weeks** after Supervisor issues a **Defects Certificate** or **13 weeks** after the PM issues a **termination certificate**. PM gives details on how the amount due has been assessed. Final payment made within **3 weeks** of the assessment or if different period is stated in the Contract Data, within the period stated. If PM does not make an assessment within period Contractor may issue to the Client an assessment giving details on how the final amount has been assessed. Client agrees with the assessment, final payment made within * 3 weeks… This can then be disputed under Option W1, W2 or W3.

Answer 169

Final Assessment PM assesses the final amount due and certifies a final payment, **no later than 4 weeks** after Supervisor issues a **Defects Certificate** or **13 weeks** after the PM issues a **termination certificate**. PM gives details on how the amount due has been assessed. Final payment made within **3 weeks** of the assessment or if different period is stated in the Contract Data, within the period stated. If PM does not make an assessment within period Contractor may issue to the Client an assessment giving details on how the final amount has been assessed. Client agrees with the assessment, final payment made within * 3 weeks… This can then be disputed under Option W1, W2 or W3.

Answer 170

Piled foundations: Piled foundations are used where the ground's bearing capacity is poor to transfer the load of the building to stronger underlying ground. Piled foundations comprise a number of steel or reinforced concrete columns supporting the building above. They can be formed in a number of ways, including being bored or augered.

Answer 171

1. The sun gives off light, even on cloudy days. 2. PV cells on the panels turn the light into DC electricity. 3. The current flows into an inverter, which converts it to AC electricity ready to use. 4. The current is fed through a meter and then into your home’s consumer unit. 5. Plug in and switch on. Your system will automatically use the free electricity you’ve generated, then switch back to the grid as needed. 6. Any electricity you don’t use is exported to the grid for others to use.

Answer 172

Bichard Review * Undertaken by Lord Bichard * It is an independent review of the **RICS purpose, governance, and strategy** * Commissioned by RICS Governing council in December 2021, **following the Levitt review** o Levitt review undertaken in 2018/19 on treasury management issues * The aim of Bichard review was to create a new sense of purpose and direction so that RICS can once more stand tall as an example professional institution capable of teaching challenges which will shape the way we all live in years to come * Priories strategy, culture, and Governance structure (e.g. regs, engagement and public interest)

Answer 173

Levitt Report The Levitt Report was commissioned by the RICS following a treasury management audit in 2018. Prior to the Audit RICS has to extend its overdraft facility by circa £3m due to inaccurate cashflow forecasting. The treasury management audit offered a ‘no assurance verdict’ on RICS internal financial control procedures and following the Levitt Report was commissioned as an independent review. The conclusion of the Levitt report illuded to an internal power struggle due to its two-board structure made up of a Management Board and Executive Board. Following the report, the RICS accepted each of Levitt’s recommendations including: * The RICS governing Council are to have more insight over internal dealings of the RICS, are to be briefed by the Management Board as opposed to a single CEO and are to oversee executive management bonuses. * The report called for greater transparency as the CEO could have involved the management board in order to rectify the treasury issues. No evidence of improper or illegal conduct was discovered.

Answer 174

Cover, contents, project overview, financial overview, assumptions and exclusions, schedule of information used, totals. Group elements Main contractors Prelins MC OH&P Project/ Design team fees Otehr development/project costs Risks Group elements are broken down into: Facilitating works, Substructure Superstructure Internal Finishes FF&E Services Prefabricated Buildings and building units Work to Existing buildings External Works

Answer 175

Inflation, loose FF&E, VAT, abnormal ground conditions, legal fees, any contaminated material, planning fees.

Answer 176

This is selecting rates from cost data sources ensuring they are reflective of the nature of the works and asset. I did this by looking for rates from similar projects, so training facility and a refurb as well similiar GIFA and 2 storeys. I then applied the rates in an elemental method, with or without a defence layer, rebasing to base date and location factor.

Answer 177

It was highly likely that the windows and external doors would not meet the approved documents, such as approved documents F ventilation and L conservation of fuel and power (u value). Since this was the first major refurbishment for a long time. Training Facility This was for windows and external doors, I know from previous projects from DIO clients that there have been the need for replacing this components as they were no longer fit for use. I asked the client and they confirmed replacement of these. What do you mean by fit for use? The condition of the windows and external doors were very poor, and there was a risk that we would update the heating and cooling and end up with the heat escaping from the windows. I am hoping to have a site visit at stage 2 or 3 to view the condition and update the cost plan.

Answer 178

Assumed - major refurbishment from inspection of existing building Allowance made for external works as no design information Allowance made for asbestos removal to existing building. Assumed unrestricted access Assumed offices ai conditioned Assumed ground is not contaminated.

Answer 179

Group element

Answer 180

RIBA Stage 2

Answer 181

For 2.6 Windows and external doors element I used new build rate m2 x GIFA, this was due to other, similar refurb projects needing full replacement. This was an assumption and was stated in the cost estimate as one.

Answer 182

Floor area method = cost per square metre x total project area Functional Unit Method = selecting a suitable standard functional unit x projected nr of units e.g. car space cost x nr of care spaces. Elemental method = broken down into elements - floor area method - functional unit method (e.g. per bed space, per house type or per m2 of retail area) and - elemental method (i.e. individual elements)

Answer 183

Exclusions Exclusions - Loose FF&E VAT Abnormal ground conditions Legal fees Planning fees

Answer 184

RIBA – Royal Institute of British Architects 2020 plan of works Breaks project down into 8 design stages, outcomes, roles, and responsibilities are described for each stage and are procurement neutral. RIBA plan of works was revised in 2020 – BIM a sustainability was made much clearer and some of the design changes have been renamed. 0 Strategic Definition 1 Preparation and Brief 2 Concept Design 3 Spatial Coordination 4 Technical Design 5 Maunufacturing and Construction 6 Handover 7 Use

Answer 185

Business plan - * **Executive summary** * **Business description and structure** - Where you explain why you're in business and what you're selling. * **Market research and strategies** - Spell out your market analysis and describe your marketing strategy, including sales forecasts, deadlines and milestones, advertising, public relations and how you stack up against your competition. * **Management and personnel** - Provide bios of your company executives and managers and explain how their expertise will help you meet business goals. Investors need to evaluate risk, and often, a management team with lots of experience may lower perceived risk. * **Financial documents** - This is where you provide the numbers that back up everything you described in your organizational and marketing sections. COMPONENTS * Clarify business ideas * Spot potential problems * Set out goals (including budgets and pathways for change where necessary) * Measure your progress

Answer 186

The need for additional security measures to the components, e.g. enhanced glazing. If the project is behind the wire it will not need as much security requirements as in a secure place. etc. etc.

Answer 187

Adjudication became a legal right in relation to construction contracts in the UK when legislation known as **the Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act 1996** (Construction Act) came into force in 1998. A key aspect of the Construction Act is that access to adjudication is a statutory right for parties to a “construction contract” and parties cannot contract to avoid or postpone this right. The parties are free to agree their own procedure, provided that it complies with the basic requirements for a valid adjudication process as described in the Construction Act. If the parties have not agreed an adjudication procedure, or the procedure that they have agreed does not satisfy the requirements of the Construction Act, then an adjudication process established by secondary legislation, known as the "Scheme for Construction Contracts" will apply. Scheme for Construction Contract known as ‘the scheme’, supplements the Construction Act in England and Wales and provides fall back provisions where the contract does not include the necessary payment (no clear payment terms or terms are inadequate, incomplete or non-compliant with the act) and adjudication provisions.

Answer 188

Container was manufactured as an armoury container, while have flexibility for the client to decide what to include and where to position doors etc. Container was protected against ballistic attack and tested to protect against fire, it is fire protected for 60 mins. The container is NPSA and LPS 1175 tested and approved. The National Protective Security Authority (NPSA) is the UK’s National Technical Authority for physical and personnel protective security. It maintains expertise in counter-terrorism as well as state threats, working to make the UK less vulnerable and more resilient to national security threats. LPS 1175 stands for Loss Prevention Standard 1175, which is a standard created by the Loss Prevention Certification Board (LPCB). It specifically focuses on the intruder resistance and security of building components, such as doors, shutters, fencing, and other physical barriers. The standard measures the resistance of these products to forced entry based on the tools used by an attacker and the time they are likely to spend attempting to gain entry

Answer 189

UK’s Financial Reporting Council GAAP - accounting standards. They are a set of rules which regulate how accounts are prepared by providing a framework to ensure companies and organisations are transparent and honest in their financial reporting. Currently no universally standardized accepted accounting principles the most common are IFRS, UK GAAP and US GAAP. GAAP are more ruled based, IFRS is more principles based. International Financial Reporting Standards Foundation (IFRS) – non-profit accounting organisation. Main objective includes the development and promotion of international financial reporting standards through the international accounting standards board which it oversees.

Answer 190

Steelwork is usually provided by architect in a schedule, but can also be measured/quantified from drawings. For Hydra there was a schedule, it was just a case of spelling it out on the cost plan: Beams, Columns, Plates, Channels, Purlins, Hollow Sections (all of varying sizes) - then an allowance for connections and secondary steels (somewhere between 15 and 30% is usual, but needs to be gauged by project specifics!) and also costs for steel primers, paints and coatings (including intumescent and fire protecting).

Answer 191

Rigid Frames are linear elements like beams and columns They can be either pin ended or fixed ended Suitability: steel and reinforced concrete buildings Long unobstructed open space low rise buildings when no diagonal bracing required.

Answer 192

Beam and columns pinned connected with bracing to resist lateral load Types: Gabled and Portal. Simple to analyse and construct cheaper (than rigid) used when space is limited can be designed in wall thickness

Answer 193

There are more benefits of MMC such as uniform repetitive work when high volume rather than one. For example it allows for reduction in programme time, uniformity, repetitive work in a factory setting. You are unable to achieve the economy of scale

Answer 194

Cash flow forcast is the expected spend of the construction project against the actual spend. It provides an indicative tool to see whether the project is behind or ahead of programme if the spend is behind/ahead of anticipated spend. It acts as a budgeting tool. Ensures there is enough funding at different stages, It can act as a cash prediction, forecast when costs will incur and provides an indicative idea of whether the project is on programme.

Answer 195

Risk Management post contract, I report to the client the total risk allowance agreed, the risk allowance remaining following implementation of CEs and the forecast risk allowance remaining, taking into account any EWNs and potential CEs, or CE's that are currently being reviewed or have a budget allowance while contractor produces a quotation. ⦁ Total risk allowance agreed ⦁ Risk allowance remaining ⦁ Total Risk spent (calc using CE costs) ⦁ Forecast risk allowance remaining (Risk allowance - forecast amount) ⦁ Forecast Total risk spend

Answer 196

Request a forecast from contractors. They will provide a forecast of what they'll spend in what month. I can then look at the current programme against the cashflow and spot check to make sure nothing is looking extraordinary. If I cannot get the contractors cashflow then I would create a s curve against the client's budget.

Answer 197

Client Budget Comes from the contractors agreed tender price + risk allowance + agreed fees.

Answer 198

Use risk register and keep it updated as well as on cash flow forecast report I provide the: total risk allowance, how much has been spent (if any) and anticipated spend of risk allowance.

Answer 199

Notify the client and the PM. PM may then request a meeting or trigger the early warning process.

Answer 200

If the delay entitles the contractor to a posttible increase in the prices and/or change to the completion date and key date then the Prices may change and when determining the 6 Clause 60 Compensation Event ‘Compensation events’ are events that entitle the Contactor to a possible increase in the ‘Prices’; and/or delay to the ‘Completion Date’ or ‘Key Date’.

Answer 201

The risk register was reviewed and updated, closing risks when no longer a risk as programme progresses and updating with any emerging risks. This would then update the risk allowance, I would then produce a table showing the risk allowance, risk allowance remaining, totla risk spend and fprecast alllowance remaining.

Answer 202

Keeping the CE schedule up to date and reporting this to the client, agreeing CE's in a timely manner and producing a monthly report showing the CE's and how this has increased the original contract sum.

Answer 203

Materials which are outside the working area passes to the client if the Supervisor has marked them as for the contract. Whatever title the contractor has to plant and materials passes to the client if they have been brought within the working area. The supervisor marks the equipment if the contract identifies them for payment and contractor has prepared them for marking.

Answer 204

Key Performance Indicators - A quantifiable measure used to evaluate the success of an organization, employee, etc. in meeting objectives for performance. E.g. Financial KPIs – e.g. Growth in revenue, net profit margin. Employer turnover rate, employer retention rate.

Answer 205

Short Term Strategies This is operational planning. Short term objectives may be time critical, e.g. for new legislation. This will consider things like cash flow and profit margins. Roll out cost Long Term Strategy This is strategic planning. A long term plan to achieve a specified mission, perhaps a change in culture for competitive advantage, long term investment, mergers. Five Year Plans Method of planning economic growth over 5 years.

Answer 206

There are RDS - CS Replacement Piles (bored piles) which is removing the topsoil to form the hole carried out be a boring technique. Displacement Piles (driven piles) - piles driven into the ground by a huge hammer displacing the earth around teh pile shaft. Sheet Pilling - driven piling using interlocking sheets to obtain continious barrier in the ground. Continguous Piles - closely spaced bored piles that can be used to form a retaining wall. (main use is for retaining wall) Secant Piles - every other pile constructed with thier centres less than 2 diameters above. Infil piles are then bored, uctting into adajecent piles to form a construction structure.

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Questions that I am likely to be asked