Hoofdstuk 9 - Stratification and mobility

Question 1

Stratification

Answer 1

is about some sort of ranking, ordening, hierarchy

Question 2

Valuable goods

Answer 2

something that people value

Question 3

Between-country stratification

Answer 3

unequal distribution of valuable goods between countries

Question 4

Within-country stratification

Answer 4

unequal distribution of valuable goods within countries

Question 5

Social class

Answer 5

group of people who hold similar occupational positions

Question 6

Social status

Answer 6

subjective ranking of individuals or groups in terms of honour, esteem and respect

Question 7

Occupational prestige

Answer 7

subjective ranking of occupations in terms of prestige and respect

Question 8

Treiman constant

Answer 8

occupational prestige rankings are highly similar over time, across countries and have strong agreement between raters

Question 9

Gini coefficient

Answer 9

a summary measure of stratification, which runs from 0 - in which case all citizens have the same income - to 100 - in which case a country’s entire income is in the hands of one single person

Question 10

One percent

Answer 10

the within-country stratification in income is highly skewed, and much in the hands of the top 1%

Question 11

Global inequality

Answer 11

sum of within-country stratification and between-country stratification in the world

Question 12

Intergenerational mobility

Answer 12

changing positions between parents and their children in the stratification system

Question 13

Intragenerational mobility

Answer 13

changing position in the stratification system over the life course

Question 14

Mobility table

Answer 14

table which cross-classifies origin and destination position in the stratification system

Question 15

Absolute mobility

Answer 15

total number of positional changes

Question 16

Structural mobility

Answer 16

mobility that is due to changes in the volumes (margins) of available positions

Question 17

Relative mobility

Answer 17

inequality between children from (different) social origins in their opportunity to access social positions

Question 18

Ascription

Answer 18

characteristics such as family origin and ethnic origin

Question 19

Achievement

Answer 19

personal effort, skills, talent and performance

Question 20

Great Gatsby Curve

Answer 20

in contemporary societies, higher within-country income stratification is associated with lower intergenerational mobility in that country

Question 21

Great convergence

Answer 21

in the period between 1980 and 2015, within-country stratification (in income and wealth) has been increasing in many countries, except for countries that had already high levels of stratification. At the same time, between-country stratification is becoming less strong

Question 22

Mobility

Answer 22

focuses on inequality in changes between social positions