Homeostasis and Response Flashcards

1
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The maintenance of a constant internal environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a receptor?

A

A specialised cell which creates an electrical impulse when stimulated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a reflex action?

A

An automatic action, doesn’t involve thought.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the purpose of reflex actions?

A

To protect from danger.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a synapse?

A

A gap between two neurons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do electrical impulses move across synapses?

A

The impulse stimulates the release of a chemical which diffuses across the gap, then converted back into an electrical impulse.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens in a reflex arc?

A
  • Receptor detects stimulus
  • Impulse travels through sensory neuron
  • Relay neuron
  • Motor neuron
  • Response is carried out by effector
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a gland?

A

An organ that releases a chemical
(hormone/enzyme)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the effect of insulin?

A

Glucose in converted to glycogen which is then stored in the liver and muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the effect of glucagon?

A

Causes glycogen stored in the liver to converted into glucose and released into the blood stream.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the cause of type 1 diabetes?

A

The pancreas stopping insulin and glucagon production.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the cause of type 2 diabetes?

A

Cells becoming resistant to insulin as a result of obesity, poor diet, or lack of exercise.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What 4 hormones control the menstrual cycle?

A
  • FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)
  • Oestrogen
  • LH (Luteinizing Hormone)
  • Progesterone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where is FSH produced?

A

Pituitary gland.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is oestrogen produced?

A

Ovaries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is LH produced?

A

Pituitary gland.

17
Q

Where is progesterone produced?

A

Egg follicle.

18
Q

What is the role of FSH?

A

Stimulates the egg to mature in the ovary.

19
Q

What is the role of oestrogen?

A

Stimulates the uterus lining to thicken.

20
Q

What is the role of LH?

A

Stimulates ovulation.

21
Q

What is the role of progesterone?

A

Maintains the uterus lining.

22
Q

Why do contraceptives contain oestrogen?

A

It inhibits FSH.

23
Q

What hormones are used in contraceptives?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone.

24
Q

How does an IUD work?

A
  • Releases progesterone
  • Contains copper (kills sperm)
25
Q

What are the 3 stages of IVF?

A
  • Artificial FSH causes lots of eggs to mature
  • Eggs are fertilised in the lab
  • Embryos are then implanted into the uterus
26
Q

Where is adrenaline produced?

A

In the adrenal gland.

27
Q

What is the effect of adrenaline?

A
  • Increased heart and breathing rate
  • Glycogen converted to glucose (in liver)
  • Pupils dilate
  • Mental awareness increases
  • Blood is diverted form digestive system
28
Q

What does thyroxine control?

A

Base metabolic rate
- The rate that substances are built up and broken down
- Level of oxygen used by tissues
- Development of children’s brains

29
Q

How are thyroxine levels controlled?

A

Changes in thyroxine levels are detected by the brain, and the appropriate level of TSH is released from the pituitary gland.