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anatomy > Homeostasis > Flashcards

Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

what is homeostasis?

A

state of equilibrium regarding internal conditions

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2
Q

What are external perturbations?

A

in regards to homeostasis, its anything like environmental temperatured changes

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3
Q

_________ and _______ are related to homeostasis

A

physiological and psychological

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4
Q

Positive feedback does what to change?

A

strengthens the change

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5
Q

negative feedback does what to change?

A

reverses the change

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6
Q

What is a variable

A

a controlled conditions that needs to be regulated

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7
Q

what is a stimulus

A

the movement of a system away from the set point

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8
Q

What does the detector/receptor do?

A

detect changes in the controlled variable from its set point

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9
Q

what does the detector/receptor do in simple terms?

A

measure things

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10
Q

What does the control center do?

A

figures out what to do when stimulus is detected; initiates response

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11
Q

Control center will send _____ to ______ to fix the change

A

Control center will send response to out put effector to fix the change

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12
Q

control centre sends messages via _____, _______, _____

A

nerve, hormone, chemical

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13
Q

IS the signal sent out by the control centre the effector?

A

NOPE

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14
Q

What does the effector do?

A

move variable back to normal by depriving/taking away stimulus and terminating feedback loop

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15
Q

List three reasons why there might not be enough O2?

A

Lungs cant get enough O2 from air, heart cant move enough blood around, blood vessels blocked

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16
Q

what is atherosclerosis

A

arteries have plaque

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17
Q

______ -> _________ -> ________ -> ________

A

detector/receptor, control centre, effector, response

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18
Q

what does the effector do in simple terms?

A

creates a response to the change

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19
Q

What is the detector in blood glucose regulation?

A

pancreas

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20
Q

what does the detector in blood glucose regulation do?

A

pancreas tastes blood and detects high glucose

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21
Q

what is the control center in blood glucose regulation

A

pancrease

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22
Q

what does the control center in blood glucose regulation do?

A

release insulin (signal) which tells cells + liver to remove glucose

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23
Q

What are the effectors of blood glucose regulation?

A

liver and body cells

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24
Q

what do the effectors of blood glucose regulation do?

A

liver takes glucose and makes glycogen, adipocytes take glucose and put into fat cells

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25
Q

What is the normal blood sugar level?

A

4.5mmol/L

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26
Q

What is the normal temperature range?

A

36-40 degrees

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27
Q

42-44 what happens to brain?

A

brain cant handle temp and makes permanent lesions you cant recover from

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28
Q

at what temp do you get arrthymia?

A

26 degrees

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29
Q

what temp does you heart stop pumpin

A

26 degrees

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30
Q

What happens at 26 degrees?

A

you heart stops pumpin and you cant warm up -> arrthymia

31
Q

youre not dead unless youre _____ + _______

A

warm and dead

32
Q

What are the detectors in temp regulation?

A

skin receptors and hypothalamus

33
Q

What is the control center in temp regulation when temp decreases?

A

neurosecretory cells in hypothalmus, preoptic area, heat promoting area, and thrytropes in anterior pituitary gland

34
Q

How does the control center send signals to the effectors?

A

via nerve impulses and TSH

35
Q

What are the effectors in temp regulation of decreased temp

A

vasoconstriction, adrenal medulla, skeletal muscles, and thyroid glands

36
Q

What does vasoconstriction do as the effector of temp regulation when its cold?

A

decrease heat loss through skin

37
Q

what does adrenal medulla do as the effector of temp regulation when its cold?

A

releases hormones that increase cellular metabolism

38
Q

what does skeletal muscle do as the effector of temp regulation when its cold?

A

shiver

39
Q

what does thyroid gland do as the effector of temp regulation when its cold?

A

release thyroid hormones, increase metabolic rates

40
Q

What is the control center in temp regulation when temp increases?

A

nuclei in the hypothalamus

41
Q

What are the effectors in temp regulation of increased temp

A

blood vessels dilate and sweat glands activate

42
Q

What are the five requirements of a feedback loop?

A

variable, stimulus, detector, control center, effector

43
Q

What is the main thing a positive feedback loop requires

A

a distinct event

44
Q

Positive feedback is when the change in variable …

A

stimulates more change in variable

45
Q

What are five examples of a positive feedback

A

blood clotting, action potential, ovulation, orgasm, uterine contractions

46
Q

_________ feedback is found with ______ feedback

A

positive feedback is found with in negative feedback

47
Q

How does positive feedback loop terminate?

A

w/some distinct event which deprives feedback system of input

48
Q

Pathology can also result from _________ feedback

A

positive

49
Q

Example of pathology that results from ________ feedback?

A

positive; epileptic seizure

50
Q

What is the stimulus in lactation?

A

suckling on break

51
Q

What are the detectors in lactation?

A

touch receptors on breast that sense pressure

52
Q

What is the control center in lactation

A

hypothalamus, which sends signals to posterior pituitary to release oxytocin

53
Q

In lactation, where is oxytocin released into?

A

pituitary portal circulation

54
Q

What does the oxytocin do?

A

Oxytocin causes the myoeptihelium of breast to contract and let milk down

55
Q

What is the effector in lactation?

A

breast

56
Q

What is the variable in lactation?

A

milk flow

57
Q

What is the variable in blood clotting?

A

blood flow

58
Q

What is the inital stimulus in blood clotting?

A

broken blood vessels with exposed binding sites on BV wall for platelets

59
Q

What is the secondary stimulus in blood clotting?

A

platelets

60
Q

What are the detectors in blood clotting?

A

platelet receptors which detect broken blood vessels

61
Q

what are the binding sites on broken blood vessels termed?

A

collagen

62
Q

what do the exposed broken blood vessel binding sites attract?

A

platelets

63
Q

What are the control centers of blood clotting?

A

activated platelets; become activated when they bind to BV

64
Q

How do activated platelets attract more platelets?

A

release thromboxane and adenosine diphosphate

65
Q

What are the effectors of blood clotting?

A

the platelets which beging to make up the clot

66
Q

What stimulates anticlotting chemicals?

A

clotting chemicals

67
Q

What are anticlotting chemicals?

A

prostacylin and prostaglandin

68
Q

What is the problem with a massive wound

A

lots of collagen, therefore lots of platlets binding, therefore lots of blood clots causing person to bleed otu

69
Q

Person with massive wound needs what?

A

lots of platelets

70
Q

WHat is hypertension

A

high blood pressure

71
Q

What is a sign?

A

objective measure of change

72
Q

What is a symptom

A

subjective measure of change

73
Q

What is a disorder

A

abnormality of structure/function

74
Q

What is a disease?

A

illness characterized by recognizable set of signs and symptoms

anatomy (12 decks)

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