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anatomy > Autonomic System > Flashcards

Autonomic System Flashcards

1
Q

what does your ans control?

A

glands and involuntary muscles

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2
Q

what are your involuntary muscles?

A

heart and smooth muscle

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3
Q

Whats another term for ans

A

visceral motor NS

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4
Q

what is the scensory part of your ans

A

referred pain and interoception

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5
Q

what are visceral afferents

A

nerves from viscera to cns

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6
Q

define interoreceptor

A

a sensory receptor that recieves stimuli from within the body

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7
Q

are we aware of interoreceptor

A

not aware of this sensation

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8
Q

what is the most important role of ans

A

homeostasis

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9
Q

Define dull aching pain

A

stomach pain, referred pain, visceral pain

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10
Q

define somatic sensory division

A

encompases all sensory modalities (stuff youre aware of), eg sharp pain and temp

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11
Q

define autonomic sensory division

A

mostly interoceptors, everything involuntary

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12
Q

how many neurons are involved with the contraction of a muscle in somatic ns

A

one (technically two)

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13
Q

how many neurons are involved with the contraction of a muscle in autonomic ns

A

two (technically three)

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14
Q

Ganglia is also called

A

autonomic ganglia, i.e. collection of cell bodies

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15
Q

spinal and cranial nerves innervate what

A

skeletal, cardiac, or smooth muscles and glands

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16
Q

somatic ns consists of what muscle

A

skeletal muscle

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17
Q

autonomic ns consists of what muscls

A

smooth, cardiac, and glands

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18
Q

somatic neurotransmission involves what

A

ach on nicotinic receptors

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19
Q

autonomic neurotransmission involves what

A

preganglionic to ganglia -> ach (N)
ganglia to postganglionic -> ach (M)
parasympathetic = ach

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20
Q

sympathetic input does what to the heart

A

tachycardia and positive inotropic

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21
Q

what is positive inotropic

A

increase muscle contraction force

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22
Q

what is tachycardia

A

increase heart rate

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23
Q

parasympathetic input does what to the heart

A

bradycardia and negative inotropic

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24
Q

what is negative inotropic

A

decreases muscle contraction force

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25
Q

define inotropic

A

change in muscle strangth

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26
Q

what does the sympathetic input do to the GI tract

A

yields relaxation, blood usually used for digestion used to move muscles

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27
Q

what does the parasympathetic input do the GI tract

A

increases activity, need more blood for digestion

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28
Q

Why does your heart keep pumping if there is no sympathetic or parasympathetic input

A

pacemaker cells

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29
Q

dominant tone in heart?

A

PSS

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30
Q

dominant tone in gi tract?

A

PSS

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31
Q

Why is there a reversal of tone if there is total denervation

A

system that usually affects it more loses more effect and therefore the net effect favours the least dominant tone, causing a tone reversal

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32
Q

sweat glands have what input

A

sympathetic input

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33
Q

visceral arterioles (blood vessels to guts) have what input

A

sympathetic input

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34
Q

what happens with sympathetic stimulation to the visceral arterioles

A

contractions, increasing blood pressure and therefore no stimulation = relaxation

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35
Q

iris sphincter has what input

A

parasympathetic input

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36
Q

iris sphincter does what

A

constricts pupil

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37
Q

pns does what to pupil

A

constricts

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38
Q

radial muscle has what input

A

sympathetic input

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39
Q

radial muscle does what

A

constricts pupil

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40
Q

symp ns does what to pupil

A

dilates

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41
Q

what happens in raynauds syndrome

A

blood vessels in fingers constrict so much in the cold that theres not enough blood in the fingers to keep it alive and therefore is problems with sympathetic system

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42
Q

how do you treat raynauds syndrome

A

cut sympathetic input to the blood vessels of both hands

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43
Q

what is referred pain

A

visceral afferent sympathetic nerve comes into CNS along with a somatic nerve so brain gets confused at level of thoracic and lumbar spine

44
Q

what is miosis

A

pupil constriction

45
Q

what is mydriasis

A

pupil relaxation

46
Q

symp output has what neurons

A

short pre and long post

47
Q

para output has what neurons

A

long pre and short post

48
Q

symp output has what NT

A

ACH pre (N), NE post (adernergic)

49
Q

para output has what NT

A

Ach pre (N), ach post (muscarinic)

50
Q

nicotine fites into which cholinergic receptor

A

nicotinic

51
Q

cholinergic receptors are also called

A

achetylcholine receptors

52
Q

nicotine stimulates which NS and which part

A

parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglia

53
Q

smoking causes innervation of what system and what response

A

SS -> BP and heart rate goes up, therefore more awak

PSS -> stimulates digestion and easy poopin (defecation)

54
Q

Why do sympathetic have their short and long neurons

A

synchronize and all actions turned on at once

55
Q

the ganglia in the sympathetic system are located where

A

far away from organs it stimulates

56
Q

why do parasympathetic have their short and long neurons

A

specificity to viscera and turned on in sections (not at once) ; refined and controlled stimulation

57
Q

the ganglia in the parasympathetic system are located where

A

on the organ it innervates, therefore cant be seen

58
Q

what does sludd stand for

A

salivate, lacrimate, urinate, defecate, digest

59
Q

sludd applies to what

A

parasympathetic

60
Q

parasymp has out put from what

A

cranial and sacral nerves

61
Q

parasymp sometimes called

A

craniosacral NS

62
Q

biggest nerve in all of PSS

A

vagus

63
Q

vagus comes out of which structure

A

medulla

64
Q

vagus nerve stimulates what

A

heart, bronchioles. liver, stomach, GI tract

65
Q

jamming finger in eye causes

A

big vagal stimulation, increased heart rate, blood pressure decrease, GI tract churns away

66
Q

sympathetic ns has output from where

A

thoracic and lumbar region

67
Q

sympathetic ns is therefore also called

A

thoracolumbar region

68
Q

define chain ganglia

A

far from effects, neurons run up and down chain “broadcasting” symp message

69
Q

another term for chain ganglia

A

sympathetic trunk

70
Q

do all sympathetic neurons go to the trunk

A

nope some pass through and go to the big sympathetic ganglia in the abdomen

71
Q

sympathetic ganglia can be either _____ or _____

A

chain or collateral

72
Q

what is an axon collateral

A

axon branch off the main axon

73
Q

is there sympathetic innervation of the bronchioles

A

nope

74
Q

bronchioles are _______

A

dilated all the time

75
Q

why dont bronchioles need sympathetic input

A

theyre dilated all the time and dont need sympathetic innervation

76
Q

what dilates bronchioles in addition to PSNS

A

they have epinephrine receptors that are activated by epinephrine released by SNS into the blood NOT the nevres

77
Q

sexual response is innervated by what

A

both parasympathetic and sympa NS; excitation is parasymp but orgasm is sympathetic

78
Q

where are cholinergic receptors found

A

synapse of symp and parasymp ganglia and post ganglionic parasympathetic effectors

79
Q

cholinergic receptors are also called

A

acetylcholine receptors

80
Q

adernergic receptors are stimulated by what NT

A

NE and E

81
Q

where are adernergic receptors found

A

sympathetic post ganglionic target organ/effectors

82
Q

muscarinic receptors are found where

A

parasympathetic target organs

83
Q

what stimulates muscarinic receptors and what happens

A

muscarine and ach; sludd and decreased heart rate

84
Q

muscarinic recptors are found in which NS

A

parasympathetic NS and CNS (cause hallucinations)

85
Q

nictonic receptors are found where

A

striated muscle and sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic

86
Q

stimulation of nictonic receptors causes what

A

stimulation of both symp and parasympathetic

87
Q

striated muscles have what receptor

A

nicotinic receptor

88
Q

atropine blocks what

A

achetylcholine receptors

89
Q

alpha adernergic receptors do what

A

stimulate contractions

90
Q

beta adernergic receptors do what

A

inhibit contractions (excerpt in myocardium)

91
Q

beta receptor exception is?

A

heart muscle

92
Q

adernergic receptor stimulation leads to

A

long term activation of neurons in comparison to ach

93
Q

removal of adernergic NT is ________ compared to ___

A

slow; ach

94
Q

why are sympathetic NS stimulationg long lasting

A

long activation of adernergic receptors and large spread of SNS stimulation

95
Q

alpha 1 adernergic receptors cause

A

smooth muscle contraction, BV of viscera EXCEPT for the heart

96
Q

alpha 2 receptors cause

A

clotting

97
Q

alpha 2 receptors are found

A

presynaptic receptors

98
Q

beta 1 receptors cause

A

increased heart rate and force of contraction

99
Q

beta 2 receptors cause

A

relaxation of bronchioles, uterus, and all target sympathetic organs

100
Q

beta 3 receptors cause

A

increased lipolysis

101
Q

asthma uses what

A

beta agonists but these dilate bronchioles and speed up heart

102
Q

tachycardia and hypertension uses what

A

beta blockers

103
Q

best asthma mediator is

A

beta 2 agonists best

104
Q

beta 2 is found in

A

bronchioles

105
Q

beta 2 is found in

A

bronchioles

106
Q

best tachycardia medication

A

beta 1 antagonists bc slows heart, more efficient, and bronchioles are not constricted

anatomy (12 decks)

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