Autonomic System Flashcards
what does your ans control?
glands and involuntary muscles
what are your involuntary muscles?
heart and smooth muscle
Whats another term for ans
visceral motor NS
what is the scensory part of your ans
referred pain and interoception
what are visceral afferents
nerves from viscera to cns
define interoreceptor
a sensory receptor that recieves stimuli from within the body
are we aware of interoreceptor
not aware of this sensation
what is the most important role of ans
homeostasis
Define dull aching pain
stomach pain, referred pain, visceral pain
define somatic sensory division
encompases all sensory modalities (stuff youre aware of), eg sharp pain and temp
define autonomic sensory division
mostly interoceptors, everything involuntary
how many neurons are involved with the contraction of a muscle in somatic ns
one (technically two)
how many neurons are involved with the contraction of a muscle in autonomic ns
two (technically three)
Ganglia is also called
autonomic ganglia, i.e. collection of cell bodies
spinal and cranial nerves innervate what
skeletal, cardiac, or smooth muscles and glands
somatic ns consists of what muscle
skeletal muscle
autonomic ns consists of what muscls
smooth, cardiac, and glands
somatic neurotransmission involves what
ach on nicotinic receptors
autonomic neurotransmission involves what
preganglionic to ganglia -> ach (N)
ganglia to postganglionic -> ach (M)
parasympathetic = ach
sympathetic input does what to the heart
tachycardia and positive inotropic
what is positive inotropic
increase muscle contraction force
what is tachycardia
increase heart rate
parasympathetic input does what to the heart
bradycardia and negative inotropic
what is negative inotropic
decreases muscle contraction force
define inotropic
change in muscle strangth
what does the sympathetic input do to the GI tract
yields relaxation, blood usually used for digestion used to move muscles
what does the parasympathetic input do the GI tract
increases activity, need more blood for digestion
Why does your heart keep pumping if there is no sympathetic or parasympathetic input
pacemaker cells
dominant tone in heart?
PSS
dominant tone in gi tract?
PSS
Why is there a reversal of tone if there is total denervation
system that usually affects it more loses more effect and therefore the net effect favours the least dominant tone, causing a tone reversal
sweat glands have what input
sympathetic input
visceral arterioles (blood vessels to guts) have what input
sympathetic input
what happens with sympathetic stimulation to the visceral arterioles
contractions, increasing blood pressure and therefore no stimulation = relaxation
iris sphincter has what input
parasympathetic input
iris sphincter does what
constricts pupil
pns does what to pupil
constricts
radial muscle has what input
sympathetic input
radial muscle does what
constricts pupil
symp ns does what to pupil
dilates
what happens in raynauds syndrome
blood vessels in fingers constrict so much in the cold that theres not enough blood in the fingers to keep it alive and therefore is problems with sympathetic system
how do you treat raynauds syndrome
cut sympathetic input to the blood vessels of both hands
what is referred pain
visceral afferent sympathetic nerve comes into CNS along with a somatic nerve so brain gets confused at level of thoracic and lumbar spine
what is miosis
pupil constriction
what is mydriasis
pupil relaxation
symp output has what neurons
short pre and long post
para output has what neurons
long pre and short post
symp output has what NT
ACH pre (N), NE post (adernergic)
para output has what NT
Ach pre (N), ach post (muscarinic)
nicotine fites into which cholinergic receptor
nicotinic
cholinergic receptors are also called
achetylcholine receptors
nicotine stimulates which NS and which part
parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglia
smoking causes innervation of what system and what response
SS -> BP and heart rate goes up, therefore more awak
PSS -> stimulates digestion and easy poopin (defecation)
Why do sympathetic have their short and long neurons
synchronize and all actions turned on at once
the ganglia in the sympathetic system are located where
far away from organs it stimulates
why do parasympathetic have their short and long neurons
specificity to viscera and turned on in sections (not at once) ; refined and controlled stimulation
the ganglia in the parasympathetic system are located where
on the organ it innervates, therefore cant be seen
what does sludd stand for
salivate, lacrimate, urinate, defecate, digest
sludd applies to what
parasympathetic
parasymp has out put from what
cranial and sacral nerves
parasymp sometimes called
craniosacral NS
biggest nerve in all of PSS
vagus
vagus comes out of which structure
medulla
vagus nerve stimulates what
heart, bronchioles. liver, stomach, GI tract
jamming finger in eye causes
big vagal stimulation, increased heart rate, blood pressure decrease, GI tract churns away
sympathetic ns has output from where
thoracic and lumbar region
sympathetic ns is therefore also called
thoracolumbar region
define chain ganglia
far from effects, neurons run up and down chain “broadcasting” symp message
another term for chain ganglia
sympathetic trunk
do all sympathetic neurons go to the trunk
nope some pass through and go to the big sympathetic ganglia in the abdomen
sympathetic ganglia can be either _____ or _____
chain or collateral
what is an axon collateral
axon branch off the main axon
is there sympathetic innervation of the bronchioles
nope
bronchioles are _______
dilated all the time
why dont bronchioles need sympathetic input
theyre dilated all the time and dont need sympathetic innervation
what dilates bronchioles in addition to PSNS
they have epinephrine receptors that are activated by epinephrine released by SNS into the blood NOT the nevres
sexual response is innervated by what
both parasympathetic and sympa NS; excitation is parasymp but orgasm is sympathetic
where are cholinergic receptors found
synapse of symp and parasymp ganglia and post ganglionic parasympathetic effectors
cholinergic receptors are also called
acetylcholine receptors
adernergic receptors are stimulated by what NT
NE and E
where are adernergic receptors found
sympathetic post ganglionic target organ/effectors
muscarinic receptors are found where
parasympathetic target organs
what stimulates muscarinic receptors and what happens
muscarine and ach; sludd and decreased heart rate
muscarinic recptors are found in which NS
parasympathetic NS and CNS (cause hallucinations)
nictonic receptors are found where
striated muscle and sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic
stimulation of nictonic receptors causes what
stimulation of both symp and parasympathetic
striated muscles have what receptor
nicotinic receptor
atropine blocks what
achetylcholine receptors
alpha adernergic receptors do what
stimulate contractions
beta adernergic receptors do what
inhibit contractions (excerpt in myocardium)
beta receptor exception is?
heart muscle
adernergic receptor stimulation leads to
long term activation of neurons in comparison to ach
removal of adernergic NT is ________ compared to ___
slow; ach
why are sympathetic NS stimulationg long lasting
long activation of adernergic receptors and large spread of SNS stimulation
alpha 1 adernergic receptors cause
smooth muscle contraction, BV of viscera EXCEPT for the heart
alpha 2 receptors cause
clotting
alpha 2 receptors are found
presynaptic receptors
beta 1 receptors cause
increased heart rate and force of contraction
beta 2 receptors cause
relaxation of bronchioles, uterus, and all target sympathetic organs
beta 3 receptors cause
increased lipolysis
asthma uses what
beta agonists but these dilate bronchioles and speed up heart
tachycardia and hypertension uses what
beta blockers
best asthma mediator is
beta 2 agonists best
beta 2 is found in
bronchioles
beta 2 is found in
bronchioles
best tachycardia medication
beta 1 antagonists bc slows heart, more efficient, and bronchioles are not constricted
