HM funds. CBRNE

Question 1

What is a systemic poison and casualty producing agent that interferes with vital enzyme systems of the body?

Answer 1

Blood agents

Question 2

What is an agent that causes extensive damage to alveolar tissue, resulting in severe pulmonary edema?

Answer 2

Choking agents

Question 3

What is the term described by the interference with normal transmission of nerve impulses in the parasympathetic and autonomic nervous system?

Answer 3

Cholinesterase inhibitor

Question 4

What term describes temporary blindness, usually lasting for 20-30 minutes, after looking in the general direction of a nuclear blast?

Answer 4

Flash Blindness

Question 5

What agents are comprised mainly of psycho chemicals, produce mental confusion and an inability to function intelligently?

Answer 5

Incapacitating agents

Question 6

What term describes local irritants that act primarily on the eyes?

Answer 6

Lacrimators

Question 7

What term describes agents that result in a ten percent or greater death rate among casualties?

Answer 7

Lethal agents

Question 8

What agents interfere with normal transmission of nerve impulses in the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system?

Answer 8

Nerve agents

Question 9

What agents produce mental confusion and an inability to function intelligently?

Answer 9

Psychochemical agents

Question 10

What term describes spontaneous and instantaneous decomposition of the nucleus of an unstable atom with the accompanying emission of a particle, a gamma ray or both?

Answer 10

Radioactivity

Question 11

What term refers to flash burns to the eyes after looking directly at the fireball created from a nuclear explosion. When the burn heals, the destroyed retinal tissue is replaced by scar tissue and will cause blind or partially blind areas in the visual field?

Answer 11

Retinal flash burn

Question 12

What chemical agent did Syria use against rebel forces in 2013?

Answer 12

Sarin gas

Question 13

How many people were killed or infected in the 2001 Anthrax attacks?

Answer 13

5 killed 17 infected

Question 14

What are some indications that a chemical attack has occurred?

Answer 14

Rapid onset of similar symptoms in a large group of people.
Public exhibition of unusual behavior.
Unusual fog, clouds, mist, especially indoors
Unexplained pools of liquid, dead animals or insects.
Strange smell.
Abandoned spraying devices, canisters, packages
Explosion

Question 15

What are some ways that chemical agents are classified?

Answer 15

Lethal vs incapacitating vs riot control
lethal vs non-lethal.
Persistent vs non-persistent

Question 16

Which chemical agents have a slow effect and which have a fast effect?

Answer 16

Slow: Chocking, blister, and nettle
Fast: Blood and nerve

Question 17

What are the nerve agents?

Answer 17

Tabun(GA)
Sarin(GB)
VX
Novichok

Question 18

How many people were killed in the Tokyo Subway Sarin attacks?

Answer 18

12 with thousands injured.

Question 19

What are some characteristics of nerve agents?

Answer 19

Tasteless, odorless to sweet, colorless to light brown liquid
rapidly penetrate materials as a liquid or vapor
Rate of action is very rapid with inhalation and slow through absorption
Lethal in decontamination is not done in time

Question 20

What are symptoms of moderate nerve agent exposure?

Answer 20

coughing, wheezing, miosis, vomiting, diaphragmatic spasm, muscles spasm, incontinence, LOC, seizure or flaccid paralysis

Question 21

What odor does sulfur mustard have?

Answer 21

Garlic or horseradish

Question 22

What odor does Nitrogen mustard have?

Answer 22

Slightly fishy to no odor

Question 23

what odor does Lewisite and Phosgene oxime have?

Answer 23

L - Fruity or geranium

CX - disagreeable odor

Question 24

What are some characteristics of Blister agents?

Answer 24

Slow acting, yellow-brown viscous liquid, persistent, can linger on inorganic material for weeks
vapors usually not visible

Question 25

What are symptoms of Blister agent exposure?

Answer 25

Large firm walled, fluid filled blisters within 24 hours. Conjunctivitis, belpharospasm and functional blindness within hours. Respiratory distress, obstruction, possible pulmonarry edema Burns in warm/moist, sweaty areas of the body. May cause temporary blindness

Question 26

What are some characteristics of Blood agents?

Answer 26

Colorless gas Gaseous at normal temperatures and pressures Fast acting - inhibits cellular respiration Odor: AC - Faint bitter almond CK - Irritating odor

Question 27

What are the Blood agents?

Answer 27

``` Hydrogen Cyanide (AC) Cyanogen chloride (CK) ```

Question 28

What are some symptoms of blood agents?

Answer 28

``` General weakness and nausea Headache, muscle paralysis, convulsions, may be flushed Incapacitates Rate of action is immediate Lethal if high concentration is inhaled ```

Question 29

What are the choking agents?

Answer 29

Phosgene (CG) Chlorine Diphosgene (DP Chloropicrin (PS)

Question 30

What are some characteristics of choking agents?

Answer 30

Colorless to yellow-green, dense gas cloud. Odor of new mown hay or grass Rate of action is slow Heavier than air; tends to lie low to the ground Lethal

Question 31

Symptoms of choking agents?

Answer 31

Delayed onset of most symptoms Rapid onset of larygnospasm/brochospasm in about 20% of patients Chest tightness, dysphasia Tachypnea, dyspnea, wheezing Pulmonary edema secondary to alveolar/capillary membrane injury Causes damage to the eyes and throat

Question 32

What are the bacterial agents?

Answer 32

``` Bacillus Anthracis (antrhax) Francisell Tularensis (Tularemia) ```

Question 33

What are the Viral Agents?

Answer 33

Variola | Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers

Question 34

What are the three clinical forms of anthrax?

Answer 34

Cutaneous anthrax GI Anthrax Inhalation Anthrax

Question 35

symptoms of cutaneous anthrax?

Answer 35

Local edema followed by macule, papule, pulcer, eschar, lyphangitis, painful lymphadenopathy and ultimately systemic symptoms.

Question 36

Symptoms of GI anthrax?

Answer 36

upper - oral or esophageal ulcer, followed by regional LAD, edema, and sepsis; may affect airway Lower - Nausea, vomiting, malaise, bloody diarrhea, sepsis, massive ascites in some cases

Question 37

Symptoms on inhalation anthrax?

Answer 37

Gradual nonspecific onset of fever, malaise and nonproductive cough Followed by abrupt onset of dyspnea, stridor, diaphoresis, and cyanosis. Septicemia shock and death within 24-36 hours

Question 38

What are some examples of VHF?

Answer 38

Lassa Fever Marburg and Ebola Hantavirus Dengue and yellow fever

Question 39

Who is credited with the invention of smallpox vaccine?

Answer 39

Edward Jenner in the 1790 is credited with developing vaccine, noticed that milkmaids never contracted smallpox but did catch the milder cowpox, he took the discharge from a mildmaids lesions who was infected with cowpox and injected into an 8 year old kid, few weeks later exposed the kid to smallpox and the kid did not catch it

Question 40

What are some characteristics of a nuclear blast?

Answer 40

Bright intense flash of light Heat Wind Shock wave and earth tremors

Question 41

What high yield explosives are highly available?

Answer 41

Nitroglycerin Ammonium nitrate RDX

Question 42

What does RDX stand for?

Answer 42

Research Development Explosive

Question 43

What high yield explosives have a low availability?

Answer 43

Dynamite. C4. TNT

Question 44

_________ blast effects are the result of over pressurization secondary to detonation

Answer 44

Primary

Question 45

What is the most vulnerable part of the body susceptible to primary blasts?

Answer 45

Tympanic Membranes

Question 46

_______ blast injuries are the result of blunt and/or penetrating trauma from airborne debris.

Answer 46

Secondary

Question 47

__________ blast effects occurs when victim is propelled airborne by forces of the primary blast?

Answer 47

tertiary

Question 48

Which blast effect typically renders the most severe injury patterns?

Answer 48

tertiary