HM Chapter 07: Oral Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
When do first teeth (baby teeth) form?
- Occurs between 5th and 6th week of prenatal life
- Occurs in 3 stages: BUD stage, CAP stage (proliferation), BELL stage (histodifferentiation)
Ameleoblast
Enamel forming cells
Odontoblast
Dentin forming cells
Apposition
Depositing of the matrix for the hard surface
Calcification
Process of organic tissue becoming hardened, builds in layers
Eruption
When tooth comes into proper position
Exfoliation
When the root reabsorbs and the tooth falls out
Crown
- Anatomic crown: Encased in enamel
- Clinical crown: Part exposed in the mouth
Root
-Covered in cementum; Separation called furcation (2 separations called bifurcation)
Enamel
- Translucent, calcified substance that covers the anatomical crown and protects the dentin
- Hardest tissue in the body, can endure 100,000 psi
- 96% inorganic minerals, 1% organic mineral, 3% water
Dentin
- Largest portion of the tooth, yellow in coloration
- 70% inorganic matter, 30% organic matter and water
Cementum
-Covers the roots, anchors teeth to tooth sockets
Dental pulp
-Where the formation of dentin is
Periodontium
-Tissue that surround and support the teeth collectively
Masticatory tissue
- Tissue that covers the hard palate and gingival
- It is keratinized
Hard palate structure
Incisive papilla, palatine raphe, palatine rugae
Gingiva
-Specialized masticatory mucosa, firm and resistant
-Unattached gingiva
-Gingival margin, gingival sulcus, epithelial attachment,
interdental papillae
Lining mucosa
- Found on inside of lips, cheeks, vestibule and under the tongue
- Thin and fragile
What is the chief function of pulp?
The formation of dentin. It furnishes nourishment
to the dentin; provides sensation to the tooth; and responds to irritation, either by forming reparative secondary dentin or by becoming inflamed.
Oral mucosa consists of 3 types:
Masticatory mucosa (hard palate), Lining Mucosa (lips, cheeks), and Specialized Mucosa (tongue)
The alveolar socket is…
The cavity within the alveolar process in which the root of the tooth is held by the periodontal ligament
What is the unattached gingiva?
Portion of gingiva that extends from the gingival crest to the crest of the bone
What does interdental papilla do?
Helps prevent food from packing between the teeth
What are the second molars called?
The second molars are often canned the 12-year molars because they erupt when a child is about 12-years old
How man proximal surfaces foes a tooth have?
2
How many quadrants does the mouth have?
4
What does each quadrant contains?
Central incisor, lateral incisor, cuspid, 1st bicuspid,
2nd bicuspid, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd molar
What is the universal numbering system?
Teeth are numbered from right maxillary 3rd molar (#1) to
right mandibular 3rd molar (#2)
How is the primary numbering system used?
Teeth are labeled A-T
What are the surfaces of the tooth?
- Facial surface: Towards the lips or cheek
- Mesial surface: Proximal surface closest to the midline of the arch
- Distal surface: Orientated away from midline of the arch
- Lingual surface: Faces towards the tongue
- Embrasure: Interproximal space that isn’t occupied
- Diastema: Interproximal space with no contact point
Vertical overlap
Extension of maxillary teeth over mandibular counterparts (overbite)
Curve of Spee
Slight curved plane of the lower teeth
Curve of Wilson
Concave curve of the mandibular arch
Occlusional plane
Combination of the Curve of Wilson and the Curve of Spee
Dental Angle Class I
Normal
Dental Angle Class II
Retrognathic (overbite)
Dental Angle Class III
Prognathic (underbite)
