HIV and AIDS Flashcards
name the lymphcyte HIV virus targets
CD4
when does HIV become symptomatic
cd4 <200cells/mm3
when should patients be started on antivrirals
<350
how to you quantify HIV viral load
PCR assay
what mutation is resistant to HIV
CCR-5 alleles
describe mechanisms of antiretroviral agents
reverse transcription
protease inhibitors
integrase inhibitors
fusion inhibitors
name modes of transmission of HIV
sexual transmission
body fluids
injection drug misuse
organ transplant
name laboratory tests for HIV
HIV viral load
POC test kit
CD4 count
test for HIV antigen/antibody
what do you do after blood/body fluid exposure
wash with soap and running water
encourage bleeding if skin is split
report incident
what does HIV cause in the skin
sehorraric dermatitis
shingles
what does HIV cause in the mouth
oral candidasis
oral hairy leukoplakia
what tumours can HIV cause
kaposis sarcoma
lymphoma
what are the clinical features of stage 1
asymptomatic
lymphadenopathy
what are the clinical features of stage 2
unexplained weight loss
recurrent respiratory infections
fungal nail infections
oral ulceration
what are the clinical features of stage 3
severe weight loss diarrhoea persistent fever persistent oral candidacies recurrent pulmonary TB
what are the clinical features of stage 4
recurrent bacteria pneumonia pneumocyst jiovecii pneumonia kaposis sarcoma candida of trachea and lungs lymphoma
describe pathology of HIV
virus replicates within the cells and the viral genome can be incorporated into the host genome
decreased CD4 and cell immunity
what is the management of HIV
reducing plasma viral load
improving CD4 count >200
improving quality of life
what are drugs used for HIV
combination retroviral therapy(CART) at least 3 drugs from 2 different groups
nucleoside reverse transcriptase-lipodystrophy
non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase
protease inhibitors
integrase inhibitors
when is HIV classified as AIDS
CD4<200
sings of AIDS
pneunocyst jivocii pneumonia
candidiasis
recurrent bacterial pneumonia
kaposis sarcoma
what should HIV be immunised against
hep a and B and flu
