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Infection > HIV and AIDS > Flashcards

HIV and AIDS Flashcards

1
Q

name the lymphcyte HIV virus targets

A

CD4

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2
Q

when does HIV become symptomatic

A

cd4 <200cells/mm3

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3
Q

when should patients be started on antivrirals

A

<350

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4
Q

how to you quantify HIV viral load

A

PCR assay

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5
Q

what mutation is resistant to HIV

A

CCR-5 alleles

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6
Q

describe mechanisms of antiretroviral agents

A

reverse transcription
protease inhibitors
integrase inhibitors
fusion inhibitors

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7
Q

name modes of transmission of HIV

A

sexual transmission
body fluids
injection drug misuse
organ transplant

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8
Q

name laboratory tests for HIV

A

HIV viral load
POC test kit
CD4 count
test for HIV antigen/antibody

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9
Q

what do you do after blood/body fluid exposure

A

wash with soap and running water
encourage bleeding if skin is split
report incident

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10
Q

what does HIV cause in the skin

A

sehorraric dermatitis

shingles

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11
Q

what does HIV cause in the mouth

A

oral candidasis

oral hairy leukoplakia

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12
Q

what tumours can HIV cause

A

kaposis sarcoma

lymphoma

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13
Q

what are the clinical features of stage 1

A

asymptomatic

lymphadenopathy

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14
Q

what are the clinical features of stage 2

A

unexplained weight loss
recurrent respiratory infections
fungal nail infections
oral ulceration

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15
Q

what are the clinical features of stage 3

A 
severe weight loss 
diarrhoea 
persistent fever
persistent oral candidacies 
recurrent pulmonary TB
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16
Q

what are the clinical features of stage 4

A 
recurrent bacteria pneumonia
pneumocyst jiovecii pneumonia 
kaposis sarcoma 
candida of trachea and lungs 
lymphoma
17
Q

describe pathology of HIV

A

virus replicates within the cells and the viral genome can be incorporated into the host genome
decreased CD4 and cell immunity

18
Q

what is the management of HIV

A

reducing plasma viral load
improving CD4 count >200
improving quality of life

19
Q

what are drugs used for HIV

A

combination retroviral therapy(CART) at least 3 drugs from 2 different groups
nucleoside reverse transcriptase-lipodystrophy
non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase
protease inhibitors
integrase inhibitors

20
Q

when is HIV classified as AIDS

A

CD4<200

21
Q

sings of AIDS

A

pneunocyst jivocii pneumonia
candidiasis
recurrent bacterial pneumonia
kaposis sarcoma

22
Q

what should HIV be immunised against

A

hep a and B and flu

Infection (13 decks)

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