HIV/AIDS: 10.31.22. and 11.2.22. IS questions

Question 1

how is AIDS different from HIV disease?

Answer 1

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is the agent that causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), a sxually transmitted infection

Question 2

what is the name of the stage of early HIV infection that may or may not have flu like symptoms?

Answer 2

ARS (acute retroviral syndrome)

Question 3

what happens to the amount of culturable virus in the patient during the first early phase of ARS? why?

Answer 3

greatly increases as virus has high levels of reproduction

Question 4

what happens to the amount of CD4 lymphocytes in the patient during ARS?

Answer 4

CD4 lymphocytes (helper T cells) decreases

Question 5

what is the phase that follows early infection?

Answer 5

clinical latency

Question 6

is the phase that follows early infection the same duration for all patients?

Answer 6

no

Question 7

what happens to the amounts of culturable virus in the patient during the phase that follows early infection?

Answer 7

drops dramatically and stays there!

Question 8

what happens to the amount of CD4 lymphocytes in the patient during the phase that follows early infection?

Answer 8

steadily decreases

Question 9

with reference to an HIV infection, what is viral set point?

Answer 9

viral load in a person with HIV disease, after the immune system begins to respond to the virus and viral numbers stabilize

Question 10

when does AIDS develop?

Answer 10

when the number of helper T cells (CD4 lymphocytes) drops to very low levels, and immunodeficiency results.

Question 11

has HIV been cured in any living individual?

Answer 11

yes! “The Berlin Patient,” Timothy Ray Brown. in 2007. four people have been cured to date.

Question 12

AIDS is only…

Answer 12

the end stage of a complex disease that has many signs and symptoms that precede immunodeficiency

Question 13

what is an HIV infection?

Answer 13

when a person first contracts HIV. can be infected, but may not be ill.

Question 14

what is HIV disease?
- when does it develop?
- name some symptoms

Answer 14

• develops 6 days - 6 weeks after contracting HIV.
• temporary flu-like signs and symptoms, like fever, head/muscle aches, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes, generalized rash

Question 16

HIV infection vs. HIV disease vs. HIV (viral) set point vs. AIDS

Answer 16

HIV infection:

HIV disease:

HIV (viral) set point:

AIDS:

Question 18

what does this acute stage of HIV disease coincide with?

Answer 18

high levels of virus replication

Question 19

what is the acute stage of HIV disease called?

Answer 19

acute retroviral syndrome (ARS)

Question 20

what is ARS? what stage does it follow?

Answer 20

acute retroviral syndrome.

stage of HIV disease following the incubation stage, often includes flu-like symptoms.

Question 21

what is clinical latency

Answer 21

a period when, after the initial burst of replication, viral levels decrease but persist without causing symptoms for many years

Question 22

why is viral set point important and how is it measured?

Answer 22

• predicts disease progression: the higher the viral set point, the more quickly AIDS usually develops
• HIV RNA levels in plasma