Bacterial Pathogenesis: 11.7.2022. and 11.9.2022. IS Questions Flashcards
Define pathogen
disease-causing microbe
What is the difference betwee colonization and infection
INFECTION: colonization by a pathogen on or within the body
COLONIZATION: establishment and growth of a microorganism on a surface
Distinguish between a primary infection and a primary pathogen
PRIMARY PATHOGEN: a microbe that is able to cause a disease in an otherwise healthy individual
PRIMARY INFECTION: infection in a previously healthy individual, such as measles in a child who has not had measles before
What is a secondary infection
infection that occurs along with or immediately following another infection, usually as a result of the first infection
Define virulence
relative ability of a pathogen to overcome body defenses and cause disease
What are virulence factors? What is a viral example?
traits of a microbe that specifically allow it to cause disease. ex. adherence, colonization
Explain why Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered an opportunist
spread to patients in hospitals (on ventilators, using catheters, or with surgery/burns) when they are exposed to contaminated water/soil or via contaminated hands, equipment, surfaces
What are the four principal mechanisms of pathogenesis?
- production of toxins that are then ingested
- colonization of mucous membranes of the host, followed by toxin production
- invasion of host tissues
- invasion of host tissues, followed by toxin production
Give two examples of pathogens that cause disease by producing toxins that are then ingested
Clostridium botulinum (botulism)
Staphylococcus aureus (staph food poisoning)
Give two examples of diseases caused by colonization of mucous membranes followed by toxin production
Cholera
Diphtheria
Give two examples of diseases that are caused by invasion of host tissue
Tuberculosis
Plague
Give two examples of pathogens that cause disease by invasion of host tissue followed by toxin production
Shigella dysenteriae (shigellosis)
Clostridium tetani (tetanus)
Microbes that colonize a mucosal surface of the host, followed by toxin production, might “want” to avoid which class of antibody?
IgA
Microbes that invade host tissue might “want” to avoid which class of antibody?
IgG
what is an opportunist?
an opportunistic pathogen is a microbe that causes disease only when introduced into an unusual location or into an immunocompromised host
