Case Study Comparison Chart: HIV/AIDS Flashcards
name 6 HIV structures that are recognized by the host cell
with my l.i.p. i can rrrrr roll r’s
lipid envelope
RNA
protease
integrase
capsid
reverse transcriptase
HIV is what type of virus specifically? (one-two words)
reverse-transcribing
what are the CD4 cells we should keep in mind for HIV? (4)
helper T cells
macrophages
dendritic cells
monocytes
what are the co-receptors that we should keep in mind for HIV? (2)
CCR5 or CXCR4
what does integrase do in HIV?
incorporates DNA into host genome
what does protease do in HIV?
cleaves newly synthesized poly-proteins to create mature proteins
what does reverse transcriptase do in HIV?
transcribe DNA from viral RNA
what is one problem with reverse transcriptase?
error-prone
name the proteins of HIV. do it now!
Sue and Tim in the cama
SU: surface protein. gp120
TM: transmembrane protein. gp 41
CA: capsid protein. p 24
MA: matrix protein. p 17
what are the symptoms of HIV?
ARS: flu-like symptoms, rash
Clinical Latency: asymptomatic interval
what are the symptoms of AIDS?
large loss. fat fever. opportunistic diarrhea til death.
- enlarged lymph nodes
- fever
- weight loss
- fatigue
- diarrhea
- opportunistic infections
- malignant tumors
- death
why do some HIV infected cells die? do all HIV infected cells die?
infected CD4+ cells:
- lysis by virus
- attacked by immune system (NK cells, Tc’s that kill infected self cells; antibodies)
no, some infected cells will not die when viral replication is slow and act as HIV resevoirs
how is HIV transmitted? (in general. two big groups)
horizontally and vertically
how is HIV transmitted horizontally?
- heterosxual sx
- homosxual sx
- injection drug use
- contaminated blood/needles
how is HIV transmitted vertically?
blood, genitl secretions, brst milk, and during gestation, labor and delivery
how does HIV enter a cell?
membrane fusion
which cell mediates HIV membrane fusion?
gp41 aka TM aka transmembrane protein
how does HIV exit a cell?
lysis
what is the window period of HIV?
can take 3/12 weeks for the body to make enough antibodies for the antibody test to detect
what kinds of tests can be used to diagnose HIV? list some examples.
lab r.at
rapid tests, at-home tests, lab tests, indirect and direct ELISA tests
what antiretroviral treatments are used for HIV?
crips
- RT inhibitors
- protease inhibitors
- integrase inhibitors
- CCR5 inhibitors
what’s one problem with HIV treatment?
very expensive
what is HAART? what does it consist of?
highly active antiretroviral therapy. 2-3 drug combo.
what is HAART useful for? why is that significant? (3)
lowering viral set point (viral load).
slow progression to AIDS
lower infectiousness
decrease chance of drug resistance
what does viral setpoint measure?
amount of viral RNA
what about the one guy who got cured from AIDS? why don’t we just do that every time?
he had a bone marrow transplant, and it’s not a feasible treatment for others
HIV prevention methods: what is the most effective method? how effective is it?
Treatment as prevention (TasP)
96-100% reduction
HIV prevention methods: sxual transmission. meaning?
more condoms, less partners
HIV prevention methods: circmcision. how effective is it?
60% effective
HIV prevention methods: PEP. what is it? how effective is it? who is it recommended for?
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis.
- Daily pill: 90-99% risk reduction
- If you have done these things in the past 6 months:
anal sx without condoms,
diagnosed STI,
known HIV+ partner,
needle sharing,
commercial sx work,
high # of sxual partners.
HIV prevention methods: brst feeding. what to do, and how effective is it?
eliminate brst feeding: reduces transmission to 20%
HIV prevention methods: vaccine
no current vaccine!
