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Microbiology Unit 3 > Case Study Comparison Chart: HIV/AIDS > Flashcards

Case Study Comparison Chart: HIV/AIDS Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

name 6 HIV structures that are recognized by the host cell

A

with my l.i.p. i can rrrrr roll r’s

lipid envelope
RNA
protease
integrase
capsid
reverse transcriptase

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2
Q

HIV is what type of virus specifically? (one-two words)

A

reverse-transcribing

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3
Q

what are the CD4 cells we should keep in mind for HIV? (4)

A

helper T cells
macrophages
dendritic cells
monocytes

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4
Q

what are the co-receptors that we should keep in mind for HIV? (2)

A

CCR5 or CXCR4

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5
Q

what does integrase do in HIV?

A

incorporates DNA into host genome

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6
Q

what does protease do in HIV?

A

cleaves newly synthesized poly-proteins to create mature proteins

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7
Q

what does reverse transcriptase do in HIV?

A

transcribe DNA from viral RNA

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8
Q

what is one problem with reverse transcriptase?

A

error-prone

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9
Q

name the proteins of HIV. do it now!

A

Sue and Tim in the cama
SU: surface protein. gp120
TM: transmembrane protein. gp 41
CA: capsid protein. p 24
MA: matrix protein. p 17

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10
Q

what are the symptoms of HIV?

A

ARS: flu-like symptoms, rash

Clinical Latency: asymptomatic interval

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11
Q

what are the symptoms of AIDS?

A

large loss. fat fever. opportunistic diarrhea til death.

  • enlarged lymph nodes
  • fever
  • weight loss
  • fatigue
  • diarrhea
  • opportunistic infections
  • malignant tumors
  • death
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12
Q

why do some HIV infected cells die? do all HIV infected cells die?

A

infected CD4+ cells:
- lysis by virus
- attacked by immune system (NK cells, Tc’s that kill infected self cells; antibodies)

no, some infected cells will not die when viral replication is slow and act as HIV resevoirs

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13
Q

how is HIV transmitted? (in general. two big groups)

A

horizontally and vertically

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14
Q

how is HIV transmitted horizontally?

A
  • heterosxual sx
  • homosxual sx
  • injection drug use
  • contaminated blood/needles
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15
Q

how is HIV transmitted vertically?

A

blood, genitl secretions, brst milk, and during gestation, labor and delivery

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16
Q

how does HIV enter a cell?

A

membrane fusion

17
Q

which cell mediates HIV membrane fusion?

A

gp41 aka TM aka transmembrane protein

18
Q

how does HIV exit a cell?

A

lysis

19
Q

what is the window period of HIV?

A

can take 3/12 weeks for the body to make enough antibodies for the antibody test to detect

20
Q

what kinds of tests can be used to diagnose HIV? list some examples.

A

lab r.at

rapid tests, at-home tests, lab tests, indirect and direct ELISA tests

21
Q

what antiretroviral treatments are used for HIV?

A

crips

  • RT inhibitors
  • protease inhibitors
  • integrase inhibitors
  • CCR5 inhibitors
22
Q

what’s one problem with HIV treatment?

A

very expensive

23
Q

what is HAART? what does it consist of?

A

highly active antiretroviral therapy. 2-3 drug combo.

24
Q

what is HAART useful for? why is that significant? (3)

A

lowering viral set point (viral load).

slow progression to AIDS
lower infectiousness
decrease chance of drug resistance

25
Q

what does viral setpoint measure?

A

amount of viral RNA

26
Q

what about the one guy who got cured from AIDS? why don’t we just do that every time?

A

he had a bone marrow transplant, and it’s not a feasible treatment for others

27
Q

HIV prevention methods: what is the most effective method? how effective is it?

A

Treatment as prevention (TasP)
96-100% reduction

28
Q

HIV prevention methods: sxual transmission. meaning?

A

more condoms, less partners

29
Q

HIV prevention methods: circmcision. how effective is it?

A

60% effective

30
Q

HIV prevention methods: PEP. what is it? how effective is it? who is it recommended for?

A

Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis.
- Daily pill: 90-99% risk reduction
- If you have done these things in the past 6 months:
anal sx without condoms,
diagnosed STI,
known HIV+ partner,
needle sharing,
commercial sx work,
high # of sxual partners.

31
Q

HIV prevention methods: brst feeding. what to do, and how effective is it?

A

eliminate brst feeding: reduces transmission to 20%

32
Q

HIV prevention methods: vaccine

A

no current vaccine!

Microbiology Unit 3 (25 decks)

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