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Microbiology Unit 3 > 10.28.2022. Flu: my questions > Flashcards

10.28.2022. Flu: my questions Flashcards

1
Q

describe the structure of influenza virus

A
  • enveloped
  • ss negative RNA
  • segmented genome
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2
Q

where do influenza viruses get their lipid envelope?

A

from host cells

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3
Q

regarding the surface antigens, there is one thing that is essential for pathogenesis. what is it?

A

glycoproteins

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4
Q

what is essential for pathogenesis in infleunza

A

glycoproteins

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5
Q

what does H or HA antigen stand for?

A

hemagglutinin

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6
Q

what does HA do?

A

aids in attachment to ciliated epithelial cells

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7
Q

what does N or NA stand for?

A

neuraminidase

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8
Q

what does NA do?

A

aids in release

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9
Q

which H subtypes are spread in humans?

A

1,2,3

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10
Q

which N subtypes are spread among humans?

A

1,2

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11
Q

which two types of flu viruses cause seasonal epidemics in the US?

A

A and B

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12
Q

what do A and B viruses cause in the US?

A

seasonal epidemics

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13
Q

how are influenza A viruses divided into types?

A

based on H and N ex. H1N1

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14
Q

host range and mutation rate for HA?

A

wide host range (birds, pigs, humans)
high mutation rate

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15
Q

host range and mutation rate for NA?

A

narrow host range
lower mutation rate

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16
Q

how are B viruses divided into subtypes?

A

by the location in which they were isolated ex. B/Victoria

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17
Q

which flu virus is responsible for pandemics?

A

A

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18
Q

are B viruses responsible for pandemics?

A

no

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19
Q

are A viruses responsible for pandemics?

A

oftentimes yes

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20
Q

incubation period of flu?

A

about two days

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21
Q

name three symptoms of flu

A

headache, fever, sore throat, dry tight cough, chest pain, extreme fatigue, muscle aches, weakness, malaise.

22
Q

what is the most important symptom of the flu?

A

extreme fatigue

23
Q

who is most prone to developing a secondary infection and may need hospitalization?

A

ages 0-5, 65+

24
Q

name two syndromes that may occasionally develop as a result of flu

A

Reye’s syndrome

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

25
Q

Reye’s syndrome results from ____

A

influenza

26
Q

Guillain-Barre Syndrome may develop from…

what is it?

A

all kinds of viral infection. immune disorder

27
Q

how is influenza acquired/how does one get infected?

A

aerosolized respiratory secretions (droplets) or via fomite transfer

28
Q

what does the influenza virus attach to? how does it attach?

A

respiratory epithelium cells.

HA glycoprotein on virus attaches to sialic acid on host respiratory epithelial cells.

29
Q

how does influenza virus enter the cell?

A

endocytosis

30
Q

how do mature virions exit the host cell?

A

budding

31
Q

does H&N type change in antigenic drift or shift?

A

shift

32
Q

antigenic drift: ______ influenza

A

seasonal

33
Q

antigenic shift: ________ influenza

A

pandemic

34
Q

how often do flu epidemics occur?

A

every year with seasonal influenza

35
Q

how often do flu pandemics occur?

A

periodically

36
Q

why do flu pandemics occur?

A

new strain = limited/no immunity = more cases = more deaths

37
Q

what is antigenic drift?

A

slow, constant changes as virus replicates.

38
Q

is antigenic drift fast or slow?

A

slow

39
Q

how do changes occur in antigenic drift?

A

mutations during replication

40
Q

what does better binding mean for flu viruses?
what do mutations have to do with binding?

A

increased immunity. mutations weaken the binding each time.

41
Q

what is antigenic shift? what does it result in?

A

abrupt, major changes in a virus, resulting in changes to/new H and/or N type

42
Q

is antigenic shift fast or slow?

A

fast

43
Q

describe the host range of antigenic shift?

A

fast

44
Q

the inactivated flu vaccine is —valent

A

tri or quad

45
Q

what antibodies are found in the inactivated flu vaccine?

A

IgG only

46
Q

how is the live attenuated vaccine administered?

A

nasal flu mist

47
Q

what antibodies are present in the live attenuated vaccine?

A

IgA and IgG

48
Q

who should the live attenuated vaccine administered to?

A

only for ages 2-49

49
Q

who should the inactivated vaccine be administered to?

A

egg-free or high does for >65 years

50
Q

what are the two options for the influenza vaccine?

A

inactivated vaccine
live attenuated vaccine (nasal flu mist)

Microbiology Unit 3 (25 decks)

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