HistoWorld (Muscle) Flashcards
What is the connective tissue covering of a muscle fascicle?
a. Sarcolemma
b. Endomysium
c. Epimysium
d. Sarcoplasm
e. Perimysium
e. Perimysium
The outer connective tissue covering of a muscle is the epimysium. Within the muscle, there are subdivisions called fascicles. The perimysium surrounds these muscle fascicles. The endomysium is the covering around an individual muscle fiber. The sarcolemma is the plasma membrane of a muscle cell. The sarcoplasm is the cytoplasm of a muscle cell.
What is actin?
a. Myofilament
b. Myosin
c. Muscle fibers
d. Myofibrils
e. Myocardium
a. Myofilament
Myofilaments are the contractile protein within a muscle cell. The myofilaments are actin and myosin. The thin filaments are actin and the thick filaments are myosin. The muscle cell is a muscle fiber. The term “muscle cell” and “muscle fiber” are synonymous. A myofibril is a longitudinal bundle of myofilaments within a muscle cell. Myocardium is the muscular layer of the heart. Thus, the myocardium is composed of cardiac muscle.
Which of the following is composed of smooth muscle?
a. Upper esophagus
b. Heart
c. Tongue
d. Biceps muscle
e. Walls of the visceral organs
e. Walls of the visceral organs
There are two chief categories of muscle: striated and non striated muscle (smooth muscle).
Striated muscle can be sub-categorized into cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle. The tongue, biceps muscle, and upper esophagus are made of striated muscle. The heart is composed of cardiac muscle.
Non striated muscle is also called smooth muscle. Smooth muscle is involuntary muscle. It is found in viscera and blood vessels.
What is a receptor in muscle?
a. Motor unit
b. Motor neuron
c. Motor end plate
d. Neuromuscular spindle
e. Neurotransmitter
d. Neuromuscular spindle
A single motor neuron and the aggregation of muscle fibers innervated by that single neuron is called the motor unit.
A motor neuron is a neuron which innervates a muscle cell.
The point of contact where a neuron contacts a muscle is the motor end plate. A neuromuscular spindle is a receptor which is sensitive to stretching of the muscle.
A neurotransmitter is the chemical released by a nerve at a synapse.
Which fiber type is larger in diameter?
a. Red fibers
b. White fibers
c. Intermediate fibers
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
b. White fibers
Skeletal muscle fibers can be classified as red fibers, white fibers or intermediate fibers. Red fibers are smaller in diameter; white fibers are larger in diameter. Red fibers have more mitochondria than white fibers. Red fibers make up slow-twitch muscle; white fibers make up fast-twitch muscle. Red fibers are more resistant to fatigue than are white fibers. Red fibers have more myoglobin (oxygen binding pigment) than white fibers. White fibers store glycogen and use anaerobic metabolism.
Red fiber and slow twitch muscle is for endurance.
White fiber and fast twitch muscle is for a burst of power.
Red fiber and slow twitch muscle is for endurance.
White fiber and fast twitch muscle is for a burst of power.
Which fiber type is make up fast-twitch muscle?
a. Red fibers
b. White fibers
c. Intermediate fibers
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
b. White fibers
Skeletal muscle fibers can be classified as red fibers, white fibers or intermediate fibers. Red fibers are smaller in diameter; white fibers are larger in diameter. Red fibers have more mitochondria than white fibers. Red fibers make up slow-twitch muscle; white fibers make up fast-twitch muscle. Red fibers are more resistant to fatigue than are white fibers. Red fibers have more myoglobin (oxygen binding pigment) than white fibers. White fibers store glycogen and use anaerobic metabolism.
Red fiber and slow twitch muscle is for endurance.
White fiber and fast twitch muscle is for a burst of power.
Which fiber type has more myoglobin?
a. Red fibers
b. White fibers
c. Intermediate fibers
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
a. Red fibers
Skeletal muscle fibers can be classified as red fibers, white fibers or intermediate fibers. Red fibers are smaller in diameter; white fibers are larger in diameter. Red fibers have more mitochondria than white fibers. Red fibers make up slow-twitch muscle; white fibers make up fast-twitch muscle. Red fibers are more resistant to fatigue than are white fibers. Red fibers have more myoglobin (oxygen binding pigment) than white fibers. White fibers store glycogen and use anaerobic metabolism.
Red fiber and slow twitch muscle is for endurance.
White fiber and fast twitch muscle is for a burst of power.
Which fiber type gets its energy primarily from glycogen?
a. Red fibers
b. White fibers
c. Intermediate fibers
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
b. White fibers
Skeletal muscle fibers can be classified as red fibers, white fibers or intermediate fibers. Red fibers are smaller in diameter; white fibers are larger in diameter. Red fibers have more mitochondria than white fibers. Red fibers make up slow-twitch muscle; white fibers make up fast-twitch muscle. Red fibers are more resistant to fatigue than are white fibers. Red fibers have more myoglobin (oxygen binding pigment) than white fibers. White fibers store glycogen and use anaerobic metabolism.
Red fiber and slow twitch muscle is for endurance.
White fiber and fast twitch muscle is for a burst of power.
Which fiber type is seen in skeletal muscle?
a. Red fibers
b. White fibers
c. Intermediate fibers
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
d. All of the above
Skeletal muscle fibers can be classified as red fibers, white fibers or intermediate fibers. Red fibers are smaller in diameter; white fibers are larger in diameter. Red fibers have more mitochondria than white fibers. Red fibers make up slow-twitch muscle; white fibers make up fast-twitch muscle. Red fibers are more resistant to fatigue than are white fibers. Red fibers have more myoglobin (oxygen binding pigment) than white fibers. White fibers store glycogen and use anaerobic metabolism.
Red fiber and slow twitch muscle is for endurance.
White fiber and fast twitch muscle is for a burst of power.
What is line that bisects the dark band in muscle?
a. A band
b. I band
c. Z line
d. H band
e. M line
d. H band
The A band is the darker staining band.
The I band is the light band.
The I band is made of thin filaments.
The Z line runs through the I band.
The H band bisects the A band.
The M line runs through the H band.
A sarcomere is the segment that runs from Z line to Z line.
What is the outer connective tissue covering of a muscle?
a. Epimysium
b. Sarcoplasm
c. Perimysium
d. Sarcolemma
e. Endomysium
a. Epimysium
The outer connective tissue covering of a muscle is the epimysium. Within the muscle, there are subdivisions called fascicles. The perimysium surrounds these muscle fascicles. The endomysium is the covering around an individual muscle fiber. The sarcolemma is the plasma membrane of a muscle cell. The sarcoplasm is the cytoplasm of a muscle cell.
What is myosin?
a. Muscle fibers
b. Myofibrils
c. Myocardium
d. Myofilament
e. Muscle cell
d. Myofilament
Myofilaments are the contractile protein within a muscle cell. The myofilaments are actin and myosin. The thin filaments are actin and the thick filaments are myosin. The muscle cell is a muscle fiber. The term “muscle cell” and “muscle fiber” are synonymous. A myofibril is a longitudinal bundle of myofilaments within a muscle cell. Myocardium is the muscular layer of the heart. Thus, the myocardium is composed of cardiac muscle.
Where is cardiac muscle found?
a. Myofilaments
b. Myosin
c. Muscle fibers
d. Myofibrils
e. Myocardium
e. Myocardium
Myofilaments are the contractile protein within a muscle cell. The myofilaments are actin and myosin. The thin filaments are actin and the thick filaments are myosin. The muscle cell is a muscle fiber. The term “muscle cell” and “muscle fiber” are synonymous. A myofibril is a longitudinal bundle of myofilaments within a muscle cell. Myocardium is the muscular layer of the heart. Thus, the myocardium is composed of cardiac muscle.
What type of muscle has visible cross striations?
a. Skeletal muscle
b. Cardiac muscle
c. Smooth muscle
d. Both “a” and “b”
e. “a” “b” and “c”
d. Both “a” and “b”
Both skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle have visible striations. Collectively, skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle are classified as “striated muscle”.
What type of muscle is specialized for contraction?
a. Skeletal muscle
b. Cardiac muscle
c. Smooth muscle
d. Both “a” and “b”
e. “a” “b” and “c”
e. “a” “b” and “c”
The fundamental property of muscle tissue is that it is specialized for contraction.
What is released at a synapse?
a. Motor unit
b. Motor neuron
c. Motor end plate
d. Neuromuscular spindle
e. Neurotransmitter
e. Neurotransmitter
A single motor neuron and the aggregation of muscle fibers innervated by that single neuron is called the motor unit. A motor neuron is a neuron which innervates a muscle cell. The point of contact where a neuron contacts a muscle is the motor end plate. A neuromuscular spindle is a receptor which is sensitive to stretching of the muscle. A neurotransmitter is the chemical released by a nerve at a synapse.
Which fiber type is more resistant to fatigue?
a. Red fibers
b. White fibers
c. Intermediate fibers
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
a. Red fibers
Skeletal muscle fibers can be classified as red fibers, white fibers or intermediate fibers. Red fibers are smaller in diameter; white fibers are larger in diameter. Red fibers have more mitochondria than white fibers. Red fibers make up slow-twitch muscle; white fibers make up fast-twitch muscle. Red fibers are more resistant to fatigue than are white fibers. Red fibers have more myoglobin (oxygen binding pigment) than white fibers. White fibers store glycogen and use anaerobic metabolism.
Red fiber and slow twitch muscle is for endurance.
White fiber and fast twitch muscle is for a burst of power.
Lance Armstrong is the seven time winner of the Tour de France. The Tour de France is a bicycle race which covers between 3500 to 4000 kilometers. What type of muscle fiber probably predominates in his legs?
a. Red fibers
b. White fibers
c. Intermediate fibers
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
a. Red fibers
Skeletal muscle fibers can be classified as red fibers, white fibers or intermediate fibers. Red fibers are smaller in diameter; white fibers are larger in diameter. Red fibers have more mitochondria than white fibers. Red fibers make up slow-twitch muscle; white fibers make up fast-twitch muscle. Red fibers are more resistant to fatigue than are white fibers. Red fibers have more myoglobin (oxygen binding pigment) than white fibers. White fibers store glycogen and use anaerobic metabolism.
Red fiber and slow twitch muscle is for endurance.
White fiber and fast twitch muscle is for a burst of power.
What region is made of thin filaments?
a. A band
b. I band
c. Z line
d. H band
e. M line
b. I band
The A band is the darker staining band. The I band is the light band. The I band is made of thin filaments. The Z line runs through the I band. The H band bisects the A band. The M line runs through the H band.
A sarcomere is the segment that runs from Z line to Z line.
On a cross section of a muscle, how many thin filaments surround each thick filament?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 6
e. 8
d. 6
On a cross section of a muscle, each thick filament is surrounded by 6 thin filaments.
What is the plasma membrane of a muscle cell called?
a. Endomysium
b. Sarcolemma
c. Sarcoplasm
d. Perimysium
e. Epimysium
b. Sarcolemma
The outer connective tissue covering of a muscle is the epimysium. Within the muscle, there are subdivisions called fascicles. The perimysium surrounds these muscle fascicles. The endomysium is the covering around an individual muscle fiber. The sarcolemma is the plasma membrane of a muscle cell. The sarcoplasm is the cytoplasm of a muscle cell.
Which fiber type is smaller in diameter?
a. Red fibers
b. White fibers
c. Intermediate fibers
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
a. Red fibers
Skeletal muscle fibers can be classified as red fibers, white fibers or intermediate fibers. Red fibers are smaller in diameter; white fibers are larger in diameter. Red fibers have more mitochondria than white fibers. Red fibers make up slow-twitch muscle; white fibers make up fast-twitch muscle. Red fibers are more resistant to fatigue than are white fibers. Red fibers have more myoglobin (oxygen binding pigment) than white fibers. White fibers store glycogen and use anaerobic metabolism.
Red fiber and slow twitch muscle is for endurance.
White fiber and fast twitch muscle is for a burst of power.
Which fiber type fatigues more readily?
a. Red fibers
b. White fibers
c. Intermediate fibers
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
b. White fibers
Skeletal muscle fibers can be classified as red fibers, white fibers or intermediate fibers. Red fibers are smaller in diameter; white fibers are larger in diameter. Red fibers have more mitochondria than white fibers. Red fibers make up slow-twitch muscle; white fibers make up fast-twitch muscle. Red fibers are more resistant to fatigue than are white fibers. Red fibers have more myoglobin (oxygen binding pigment) than white fibers. White fibers store glycogen and use anaerobic metabolism.
Red fiber and slow twitch muscle is for endurance.
White fiber and fast twitch muscle is for a burst of power.
What type of muscle probably predominates in Charles Atlas, the worlds most famous power weight lifter?
a. Red fibers
b. White fibers
c. Intermediate fibers
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
b. White fibers
Skeletal muscle fibers can be classified as red fibers, white fibers or intermediate fibers. Red fibers are smaller in diameter; white fibers are larger in diameter. Red fibers have more mitochondria than white fibers. Red fibers make up slow-twitch muscle; white fibers make up fast-twitch muscle. Red fibers are more resistant to fatigue than are white fibers. Red fibers have more myoglobin (oxygen binding pigment) than white fibers. White fibers store glycogen and use anaerobic metabolism.
Red fiber and slow twitch muscle is for endurance.
White fiber and fast twitch muscle is for a burst of power.
What is line that bisects the light band in muscle?
a. A band
b. I band
c. Z line
d. H band
e. M line
c. Z line
The A band is the darker staining band. The I band is the light band. The I band is made of thin filaments. The Z line runs through the I band. The H band bisects the A band. The M line runs through the H band.
A sarcomere is the segment that runs from Z line to Z line.
What is the name of the tissue which surrounds muscle fascicles?
a. Perimysium
b. Periosteum
c. Perichondrium
d. Perineurium
e. Endosteum
a. Perimysium
The perimysium is the connective tissue sheath which surrounds muscle fascicles.
The periosteum is the connective tissue covering of a bone.
The perichondrium is the connective tissue which surrounds cartilage.
The perineurium is the covering of nerve fascicles.
The endosteum is the lining of the inner bone (the side which abuts the
medullary cavity).
Note from Sarah Bellham: The prefix “peri” means around, such as in the word
“perimeter”. The prefix “endo” means within or inner, such as in “endosteum”,
“endocrine”, “endoscope”.
What is the covering of an individual muscle fiber?
a. Sarcoplasm
b. Perimysium
c. Endomysium
d. Epimysium
e. Sarcolemma
c. Endomysium
The outer connective tissue covering of a muscle is the epimysium. Within the muscle, there are subdivisions called fascicles. The perimysium surrounds these muscle fascicles. The endomysium is the covering around an individual muscle fiber. The sarcolemma is the plasma membrane of a muscle cell. The sarcoplasm is the cytoplasm of a muscle cell.
What type of muscle contains centrally placed nuclei?
a. Smooth muscle
b. Cardiac muscle
c. Skeletal muscle
d. Both “a” and “b”
e. “a” “b” and “c”
d. Both “a” and “b”
Skeletal muscle fibers are multinucleated. The nuclei are located on the periphery of the cell. In cardiac muscle, the nucleus is located centrally. In smooth muscle, there is also a centrally placed nucleus.
PEARL from Sarah Bellham: This is an important point, as both skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle are striated. The centrally placed nucleus seen in cardiac muscle is one of the things that can be used to distinguish between the two.
Which fiber type makes up slow-twitch muscle?
a. Red fibers
b. White fibers
c. Intermediate fibers
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
a. Red fibers
Skeletal muscle fibers can be classified as red fibers, white fibers or intermediate fibers. Red fibers are smaller in diameter; white fibers are larger in diameter. Red fibers have more mitochondria than white fibers. Red fibers make up slow-twitch muscle; white fibers make up fast-twitch muscle. Red fibers are more resistant to fatigue than are white fibers. Red fibers have more myoglobin (oxygen binding pigment) than white fibers. White fibers store glycogen and use anaerobic metabolism.
Red fiber and slow twitch muscle is for endurance.
White fiber and fast twitch muscle is for a burst of power.
Which fiber type uses more anaerobic metabolism?
a. Red fibers
b. White fibers
c. Intermediate fibers
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
b. White fibers
Skeletal muscle fibers can be classified as red fibers, white fibers or intermediate fibers. Red fibers are smaller in diameter; white fibers are larger in diameter. Red fibers have more mitochondria than white fibers. Red fibers make up slow-twitch muscle; white fibers make up fast-twitch muscle. Red fibers are more resistant to fatigue than are white fibers. Red fibers have more myoglobin (oxygen binding pigment) than white fibers. White fibers store glycogen and use anaerobic metabolism.
Red fiber and slow twitch muscle is for endurance.
White fiber and fast twitch muscle is for a burst of power.
What is the dark band in muscle?
a. A band
b. I band
c. Z line
d. H band
e. M line
a. A band
The A band is the darker staining band. The I band is the light band. The I band is made of thin filaments. The Z line runs through the I band. The H band bisects the A band. The M line runs through the H band.
A sarcomere is the segment that runs from Z line to Z line.
What bisects the H band
a. A band
b. I band
c. Z line
d. E band
e. M line
e. M line
What type of muscle has intercalated discs?
a. Skeletal muscle
b. Cardiac muscle
c. Smooth muscle
d. Both “a” and “b”
e. “a” “b” and “c”
b. Cardiac muscle
Intercalated discs are seen in cardiac muscle. Intercalated discs are specialized junctions between cardiac cells.
What type of muscle contains actin and myosin?
a. Skeletal muscle
b. Cardiac muscle
c. Smooth muscle
d. Both “a” and “b”
e. “a” “b” and “c”
e. “a” “b” and “c”
All types of muscle contain actin and myosin.
Which fiber type has a lot of mitochondria?
a. Red fibers
b. White fibers
c. Intermediate fibers
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
a. Red fibers
Skeletal muscle fibers can be classified as red fibers, white fibers or intermediate fibers. Red fibers are smaller in diameter; white fibers are larger in diameter. Red fibers have more mitochondria than white fibers. Red fibers make up slow-twitch muscle; white fibers make up fast-twitch muscle. Red fibers are more resistant to fatigue than are white fibers. Red fibers have more myoglobin (oxygen binding pigment) than white fibers. White fibers store glycogen and use anaerobic metabolism.
What is the light band in muscle?
a. A band
b. I band
c. Z line
d. H band
e. M line
b. I band
The A band is the darker staining band. The I band is the light band. The I band is made of thin filaments. The Z line runs through the I band. The H band bisects the A band. The M line runs through the H band.
A sarcomere is the segment that runs from Z line to Z line.
What type of muscle contains sarcomeres?
a. Skeletal muscle
b. Cardiac muscle
c. Smooth muscle
d. Both “a” and “b”
e. “a” “b” and “c”
d. Both “a” and “b”
Both skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle have sarcomeres. Smooth muscle has no sarcomeres
A sarcomere is defined as the segment from _____ to ____?
a. A band
b. I band
c. Z line
d. H band
e. M line
c. Z line
The A band is the darker staining band. The I band is the light band. The I band is made of thin filaments. The Z line runs through the I band. The H band bisects the A band. The M line runs through the H band.
A sarcomere is the segment that runs from Z line to Z line.
