HistoWorld LE4 Flashcards
Where is the primary site for absorption of nutrients?
a. Stomach
b. Small intestine
c. Ascending colon
d. Descending colon
e. Both a and b equally
b. Small intestine
What are the finger like projections of mucosa that are seen in the small intestine?
a. Lacteal
b. Crypts of Lieberkuhn
c. Plicae circulares
d. Striated border
e. Villi
e. Villi
3.
What is the outer layer of the GI tract called when it is abutting another organ?
a. Mucosa
b. Sub mucosa
c. Muscularis externa
d. Serosa
e. Adventitia
e. Adventitia
4.
Where is masticatory mucosa found
a. Tongue underside
b. Hard palate
c. Soft palate
d. Lips
e. Cheek
b. Hard palate
5.
What is the surface layer of masticatory mucosa composed of?
a. Non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
b. Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
c. Simple squamous epithelium
d. Pseudostratified squamous epithelium
e. Both a and b
e. Both a and b
6.
Which layer is NOT present in masticatory epithelium?
a. Stratum basale
b. Stratum spinosum
c. Stratum granulosum
d. Stratum lucidum
e. Stratum corneum
d. Stratum lucidum
7.
Which type of papillae on the tongue is the most abundant?
a. Filiform papillae
b. Circumvallate papillae
c. Fungiform papillae
d. Foliate papillae
e. All of the above
a. Filiform papillae
8.
What is the innermost layer of the GI tract called?
a. Mucosa
b. Sub mucosa
c. Muscularis externa
d. Serosa
e. Adventitia
a. Mucosa
9.
What is the lymphatic capillary within a villus of the small intestine called?
a. Lacteal
b. Crypts of Lieberkuhn
c. Plicae circulares
d. Striated border
e. Villi
a. Lacteal
10.
Which type of papillae on the tongue is not well developed in man?
a. Filiform papillae
b. Circumvallate papillae
c. Fungiform papillae
d. Foliate papillae
e. All of the above
d. Foliate papillae
6.
What covers the tooth that is embedded within the jaw?
a. Pulp cavity
b. Dentin
c. Dental pulp
d. Cementum
e. Enamel
d. Cementum
The central portion of a tooth is the pulp cavity. The pulp cavity is surrounded by dentin. Within the pulp cavity is a soft tissue, called dental pulp. Cementum covers the part of the tooth that is within the jaw. Enamel covers the part of the tooth within the oral cavity.
7.
What is within the pulp cavity?
a. Pulp cavity
b. Dentin
c. Dental pulp
d. Cementum
e. Enamel
c. Dental pulp
The central portion of a tooth is the pulp cavity. The pulp cavity is surrounded by dentin. Within the pulp cavity is a soft tissue, called dental pulp. Cementum covers the part of the tooth that is within the jaw. Enamel covers the part of the tooth within the oral cavity.
8.
What is the central portion of a tooth called?
a. Pulp cavity
b. Dentin
c. Dental pulp
d. Cementum
e. Enamel
a. Pulp cavity
The central portion of a tooth is the pulp cavity. The pulp cavity is surrounded by dentin. Within the pulp cavity is a soft tissue, called dental pulp. Cementum covers the part of the tooth that is within the jaw. Enamel covers the part of the tooth within the oral cavity.
What covers the visible portion of a tooth ?
a. Pulp cavity
b. Dentin
c. Dental pulp
d. Cementum
e. Enamel
e. Enamel
The central portion of a tooth is the pulp cavity. The pulp cavity is surrounded by dentin. Within the pulp cavity is a soft tissue, called dental pulp. Cementum covers the part of the tooth that is within the jaw. Enamel covers the part of the tooth within the oral cavity.
What surrounds the pulp cavity?
a. Pulp cavity
b. Dentin
c. Dental pulp
d. Cementum
e. Enamel
b. Dentin
The central portion of a tooth is the pulp cavity. The pulp cavity is surrounded by dentin. Within the pulp cavity is a soft tissue, called dental pulp. Cementum covers the part of the tooth that is within the jaw. Enamel covers the part of the tooth within the oral cavity.
Which layer contains the lamina propria?
a. Mucosa
b. Sub mucosa
c. Muscularis externa
d. Serosa
e. Adventitia
a. Mucosa
The mucosa is the innermost layer of the GI tract. It consists of epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosa.
The submucosa is connective tissue. Within it are lymphatic vessels and nerve plexuses. Meissner’s plexus is located in the submucosa.
The muscularis externa consists of thick layers of smooth muscle. It contains Auerbach’s plexus.
The outer layer of the GI tract is either an adventitia or serosa. The serosa consists of only a single layer of epithelial cells and underlying connective tissue. The adventitia is the outer layer of the GI tract when it is abutting another organ the posterior abdominal wall.
What is another term for the valve of Kerckring?
a. Lacteal
b. Crypts of Lieberkuhn
c. Plicae circulares
d. Striated border
e. Villi
c. Plicae circulares
Which type of papillae on the tongue is the smallest?
a. Filiform papillae
b. Circumvallate papillae
c. Fungiform papillae
d. Foliate papillae
e. All of the above
a. Filiform papillae
Where are Peyer’s patches located?
a. Esophagus
b. Stomach
c. Small intestine
d. Large intestine
e. Rectum
c. Small intestine
5.
What type of muscle makes up the muscularis externa in the esophagus?
a. Smooth
b. Striated
c. Cardiac
d. both a and b
e. a, b, and c.
d. both a and b
6.
What are mucous surface cells?
a. Simple squamous epithelium
b. Simple cuboidal epithelium
c. Simple columnar epithelium
d. Stratified squamous epithelium
e. Transitional epithelium
c. Simple columnar epithelium
7.
Which layer consists of only a single layer of epithelial cells and underlying
connective tissue?
a. Mucosa
b. Sub mucosa
c. Muscularis externa
d. Serosa
e. Adventitia
d. Serosa
8.
What is another term for the brush border?
a. Lacteal
b. Crypts of Lieberkuhn
c. Plicae circulares
d. Striated border
e. Villi
d. Striated border
9.
Which type of papillae on the tongue is arranged in a “V” shape on the tongue?
a. Filiform papillae
b. Circumvallate papillae
c. Fungiform papillae
d. Foliate papillae
e. All of the above
b. Circumvallate papillae
10.
Which cells secrete intrinsic factor?
a. Parietal cells
b. Oxyntic cells
c. Chief cells
c. Mucous neck cells
e. Both a and b
e. Both a and b
Chief cells secrete pepsinogen. Pepsinogen is the precursor for pepsin.
Parietal cells are also called oxyntic cells. They secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor.
Mucous neck cells contain mucinogen granules.
1.
Which layer contains the lining epithelium?
a. Mucosa
b. Sub mucosa
c. Muscularis externa
d. Serosa
e. Adventitia
a. Mucosa
2.
Which type of papillae on the tongue does NOT contain taste buds?
a. Filiform papillae
b. Circumvallate papillae
c. Fungiform papillae
d. Foliate papillae
e. All of the above
a. Filiform papillae
3.
Which layer contains Auerbach’s plexus?
a. Mucosa
b. Sub mucosa
c. Muscularis externa
d. Serosa
e. Adventitia
a. Mucosa
The mucosa is the innermost layer of the GI tract. It consists of epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosa.
4.
Which cells secrete hydrochloric acid?
a. Parietal cells
b. Oxyntic cells
c. Chief cells
d. Mucous neck cells
e. Both a and b
a. Parietal cells
5.
What is another term for the intestinal glands?
a. Lacteal
b. Crypts of Lieberkuhn
c. Plicae circulares
d. Striated border
e. Villi
b. Crypts of Lieberkuhn
6.
Which organ has a mucosa lined by nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?
a. Esophagus
b. Stomach
c. Small intestine
d. Large intestine
e. Rectum
a. Esophagus
7.
What are the folds of the stomach called?
a. Ruffled border
b. Taeniae coli
c. Gastric glands
d. Rugae
e. Gastric pits
d. Rugae
8.
Which type of papillae on the tongue is mushroom shaped?
a. Filiform papillae
b. Circumvallate papillae
c. Fungiform papillae
d. Foliate papillae
e. All of the above
c. Fungiform papillae
9.
Which layer contains the muscularis mucosa?
a. Mucosa
b. Sub mucosa
c. Muscularis externa
d. Serosa
e. Adventitia
a. Mucosa
10.
What are microvilli called that are seen in the small intestine?
a. Lacteal
b. Crypts of Lieberkuhn
c. Plicae circulares
d. Striated border
e. Villi
d. Striated border
1.
Which layer of the gastrointestinal tract contains the gut associated lymphatic
tissue?
a. Mucosa
b. Submucosa
c. Muscularis externa
d. Muscularis mucosae
e. Serosa
a. Mucosa
The mucosa is the innermost layer of the GI tract. The mucosa consists of a lining epithelium, lamina propria and muscularis mucosae. Gut associated lymphatic tissue (GALT) is found in the mucosa and sometimes extends into the submucosa.
2.
Which cells secrete pepsinogen?
a. Parietal cells
b. Oxyntic cells
c. Chief cells
d. Mucous neck cells
e. Both a and b
c. Chief cells
3.
Which layer contains Meissner’s plexus?
a. Mucosa
b. Sub mucosa
c. Muscularis externa
d. Serosa
e. Adventitia
b. Sub mucosa
4.
What type of tissue lines most of the gastrointestinal tract?
a. Simple squamous epithelium
b. Simple cuboidal epithelium
c. Simple columnar epithelium
d. Stratified squamous epithelium
e. Transitional epithelium
c. Simple columnar epithelium
5.
What type of tissue lines the upper esophagus?
a. Simple squamous epithelium
b. Simple cuboidal epithelium
c. Simple columnar epithelium
d. Stratified squamous epithelium
e. Transitional epithelium
d. Stratified squamous epithelium
6.
What are the modifications of the muscularis externa that is seen on the large intestine?
a. Teniae coli
b. Crypts of Lieberkuhn
c. Plicae circulares
d. Striated border
e. Villi
a. Teniae coli
7.
Where are Brunner’s glands located?
a. Esophagus
b. Stomach
c. Small intestine
d. Large intestine
e. Rectum
c. Small intestine
Brunner’s glands are glands in the submucosa of the small intestine.
What is the primary cell of the intestinal epithelium of the large intestine?
a. Columnar absorptive cell
b. Goblet cell
c. Parietal cells
d. Paneth cells
e. Chief cells
a. Columnar absorptive cell
9.
Which region are goblet cells most numerous?
a. Esophagus
b. Stomach
c. Small intestine
d. Large intestine
e. Anus
d. Large intestine
10.
Where is mesothelium found?
a. Mucosa
b. Sub mucosa
c. Muscularis externa
d. Serosa
e. Adventitia
d. Serosa
The outer layer of the GI tract is either an adventitia or serosa. The serosa consists of only a single layer of epithelial cells (mesothelium) and underlying connective tissue.
The adventitia is the outer layer of the GI tract when it is abutting another organ the posterior abdominal wal
Which of the following is the exocrine portion of the pancreas?
a. Islets of Langerhans
b. Alpha cells
c. Beta cells
d. Delta cells
e. Acini
e. Acini
The endocrine portion of the pancreas is housed in the islets of Langerhans. Within the islets, there are several cell types.
The alpha cells secrete glucagon.
The beta cells secrete insulin. The delta cells secrete somatostain.
The gamma cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide.
The acini is the exocrine portion of the pancreas.
What are divertiuclae of the mucosa of the gallbladder called?
a. Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses
b. Ducts of Luschka
c. Duct of Wirsung
d. Ampulla of Vater
e. Sphincter of Oddi
a. Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses
Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses are divertiuclae of the mucosa of the gallbladder. The small bile ducts which connec between the cystic duct and liver are the ducts of Luschka The duct of Wirsung is the pancreatic duct. The opening of the pancreatic duct into the duodenum is at the ampulla of Vater. The valves which regulates the flow of bile into the small intestine is the sphincter of Oddi.
What structure is in the middle of the hepatic lobule?
a. Hepatic artery
b. Portal triad
c. Central vein
d. Portal vein
e. Sinusoids
c. Central vein
Hepatocytes are the liver cells. They are arranged to form a liver lobule, which is the functional unit of the liver. The liver lobule is a hexagonal shaped structure. At the angles of the liver lobule are portal triads. The portal triad is composed of a branch of the hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct. In the middle of the liver lobule is a central vein. Hepatic sinusoids run between the hepatocytes.
4.
What is the space between the liver sinusoids and the hepatocytes called?
a. Space of Disse
b. Space of Mall
c. Vacuole
d. Lacuna
e. Howship’s lacuna
a. Space of Disse
The space of Disse is in the liver. The space of Disse is also called the perisinosoidal space. It is the space between the liver sinusoids and the hepatocytes.
The space of Mall is also in the liver. The space of Mall is located at the portal canal and is the region between the connective tissue and the liver parenchymal cells. It is the site where lymph is formed within the liver.
A vacuole is a small clear space within an individual cell.
A lacuna is a small space or depression. The space that the chondrocyte rests in is a lacuna.
Howship’s lacuna is seen in bone. Howship’s lacuna is a space seen underneath an osteoclast.