HistoWorld LE 5 (Special Senses) Flashcards
What is Bruch’s membrane?
a. Ciliary body
b. Optic disc
c. Fovea centralis
d. Lamina vitrea
e. Lamina cribrosa
d. Lamina vitrea
The ciliary body is a thickening in the uvea. It contains the ciliary muscle.
The site where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball is the optic disc. This region is also called the anatomical blind spot. Since there are no photoreceptors at this spot, it causes a blind spot in the visual field.
The fovea centralis is part of the retina. There are only cone cells in the fovea centralis. It is the site for maximal visual acuity.
The inner layer of the choroid is the lamina vitrea. The lamina vitrea is also referred to as Bruch’s membrane.
The lamina cribrosa are small openings within the sclera where the fibers forming the optic nerve travel through.
What are neurons in the retina?
a. Unipolar
b. Pseudounipolar
c. Bipolar
d. Multipolar
e. Both a and b
c. Bipolar
Neurons can be classified based on the number of axons and dendrites stemming off of the cell body. A unipolar neuron has one process which branches off of it This process then immediately divides into two. Thus, a unipolar neuron is sometimes also called a pseudounipolar neuron. Sensory neurons are unipolar.
A bipolar neuron has two process that branch from it: an axon and a dendrite. Bipolar neurons are not very common and are found in some of the organs for special senses. Bipolar neurons are found in the retina, inner ear, and the region of the nose involved with smell.
Multipolar neurons have one axon and many (at least two) dendrites that branch off of it. Most neurons are multipolar. Motor neurons and interneurons are multipolar.
Which structure is transparent?
a. Choroid
b. Ciliary body
c. Iris
d. Ora serrata
e. Cornea
e. Cornea
The cornea is transparent.
Which of the following is the receptor for color?
a. Rods
b. Cones
c. Bipolar cells
d. Ganglion cells
e. Horizontal cells
b. Cones
The eyeball has three layers. The innermost layer is the retina. The middle layer is the uvea. The outer layer is the sclera and cornea.
The retina consists of the rods, cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells. The receptors for vision are the rods and cones. The rods are located on the periphery, and are not color sensitive. The cones are the receptors for color.
What is responsible for adjusting the lens?
a. Choroid
b. Ciliary muscle
c. Iris
d. Ora serrata
e. Sclera
b. Ciliary muscle
The vascular pigmented structure of the uvea is the choroid. The ciliary body contains the ciliary muscle. The ciliary muscle is responsible for adjusting the lens. The most anterior portion of the uvea is the iris. The anterior pigmented portion of the retina is called the ora serrata. The sclera is the “white of the eye”.
What is the region called where the optic nerve exits the eye?
a. Os
b. Optic chiasm
c. Lamina cribrosa
d. Optic disc
e. Ora serrata
d. Optic disc
An os is an opening or mouth. The optic chiasm is the anatomical region shaped like an “X” where the two optic nerves join. The region where the optic nerve exits the eye is the optic disc. The openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit is the lamina cribrosa. The anterior pigmented portion of the retina is called the ora serrata.
Which of the following is a type of neuron?
a. Rods
b. Ganglion cells
c. Cones
d. Pigmented epithelium
e. Supporting cells
b. Ganglion cells
The retina contains receptor cells, neurons, pigmented epithelium and supporting cells. The nervous element in the retina consists of bipolar cells and ganglion cells.
What is the space anterior to the iris?
a. Anterior chamber
b. Posterior chamber
c. Vitreal cavity
d. Both a and b
e. All of a, b, and c
a. Anterior chamber
The region behind the lens is the vitreal cavity. The chambers anterior to the lens are the anterior chamber and posterior chamber. The iris separates the anterior chamber from the posterior chamber.
Which layer forms the majority of the cornea?
a. Epithelium
b. Endothelium
c. Descemet’s membrane
d. Substantia propria
e. Bowman’s membrane
d. Substantia propria
There are five layers to the cornea: epithelium, Bowman’s membrane, substantia propria, Descemet’s membrane, and endothelium.
The surface of the cornea is covered by a non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Bowman’s membrane and Descemet’s membrane are acellular. The majority of the cornea is from the substantia propria. The endothelium is a simple epithelium.
What is the region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball?
a. Ciliary body
b. Optic disc
c. Fovea centralis
d. Lamina vitrea
e. Lamina cribrosa
b. Optic disc
The ciliary body is a thickening in the uvea. It contains the ciliary muscle.
The site where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball is the optic disc. This region is also called the anatomical blind spot. Since there are no photoreceptors at this spot, it causes a blind spot in the visual field.
The fovea centralis is part of the retina. There are only cone cells in the fovea centralis. It is the site for maximal visual acuity.
The inner layer of the choroid is the lamina vitrea. The lamina vitrea is also referred to as Bruch’s membrane.
The lamina cribrosa are small openings within the sclera where the fibers forming the optic nerve travel through.
What are the receptors for vision?
a. Rods
b. Cones
c. Bipolar cells
d. Ganglion cells
e. Both a and b
e. Both a and b
The retina consists of the rods, cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells. The receptors for vision are the rods and cones. The rods are located on the periphery, and are not color sensitive. The cones are the receptors for color.
Where is the ciliary muscle located?
a. Ciliary body
b. Optic disc
c. Fovea centralis
d. Lamina vitrea
e. Lamina cribrosa
a. Ciliary body
The ciliary body is a thickening in the uvea. It contains the ciliary muscle.
The site where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball is the optic disc. This region is also called the anatomical blind spot. Since there are no photoreceptors at this spot, it causes a blind spot in the visual field.
The fovea centralis is part of the retina. There are only cone cells in the fovea centralis. It is the site for maximal visual acuity.
The inner layer of the choroid is the lamina vitrea. The lamina vitrea is also referred to as Bruch’s membrane.
The lamina cribrosa are small openings within the sclera where the fibers forming the optic nerve travel through.
Where is the ciliary muscle located?
a. Choroid
b. Ciliary body
c. Iris
d. Ora serrata
e. Sclera
b. Ciliary body
The vascular pigmented structure of the uvea is the choroid. The ciliary body contains the ciliary muscle. The ciliary muscle is responsible for adjusting the lens. The most anterior portion of the uvea is the iris. The anterior pigmented portion of the retina is called the ora serrata. The sclera is the “white of the eye”.
What are the openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit?
a. Os
b. Optic chiasm
c. Lamina cribrosa
d. Optic disc
e. Ora serrata
c. Lamina cribrosa
An os is an opening or mouth. The optic chiasm is the anatomical region shaped like an “X” where the two optic nerves join. The region where the optic nerve exits the eye is the optic disc. The openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit is the lamina cribrosa. The anterior pigmented portion of the retina is called the ora serrata.
Which of the following is NOT part of the retina?
a. Receptor cells
b. Neurons
c. Pigmented epithelium
d. Ciliary body
e. Supporting cells
d. Ciliary body
The retina contains receptor cells, neurons, pigmented epithelium and supporting cells. The nervous element in the retina consists of bipolar cells and ganglion cells.
What structure adjusts the shape of the lens?
a. Internal oblique muscle
b. Orbicularis oculi
c. Tarsus
d. Ciliary muscle
e. Levator muscle
d. Ciliary muscle
The ciliary muscle is within the ciliary body. The ciliary muscle adjusts the shape of the lens.
What is the inner layer of the choroid?
a. Ciliary body
b. Optic disc
c. Fovea centralis
d. Lamina vitrea
e. Lamina cribrosa
d. Lamina vitrea
The ciliary body is a thickening in the uvea. It contains the ciliary muscle.
The site where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball is the optic disc. This region is also called the anatomical blind spot. Since there are no photoreceptors at this spot, it causes a blind spot in the visual field.
The fovea centralis is part of the retina. There are only cone cells in the fovea centralis. It is the site for maximal visual acuity.
The inner layer of the choroid is the lamina vitrea. The lamina vitrea is also referred to as Bruch’s membrane.
The lamina cribrosa are small openings within the sclera where the fibers forming the optic nerve travel through.
Where does aqueous humor from anterior chamber collect into?
a. Canaliculi
b. Canal of Hering
c. Canal of Muller
d. Canal of Descemet
e. Canal of Schlemm
e. Canal of Schlemm
Aqueous humor collected from the anterior chamber via the canal of Schlemm.
Which layer of the cornea is acellular?
a. Epithelium
b. Endothelium
c. Descemet’s membrane
d. Substantia propria
e. None of the above
c. Descemet’s membrane
There are five layers to the cornea: epithelium, Bowman’s membrane, substantia propria, Descemet’s membrane, and endothelium.
The surface of the cornea is covered by a non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
Bowman’s membrane and Descemet’s membrane are acellular.
The majority of the cornea is from the substantia propria.
The endothelium is a simple epithelium.
Which structure is avascular?
a. Retina
b. Cornea
c. Choroid
d. Sclera
e. Uvea
b. Cornea
The cornea is avascular.
During the American Revolution, in the battle of Bunker Hill, an officer instructed his troops: “Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes”. What anatomical structure was he referring to?
a. Choroid
b. Ciliary body
c. Iris
d. Ora serrata
e. Sclera
e. Sclera
The vascular pigmented structure of the uvea is the choroid. The ciliary body contains the ciliary muscle. The ciliary muscle is responsible for adjusting the lens. The most anterior portion of the uvea is the iris. The anterior pigmented portion of the retina is called the ora serrata. The sclera is the “white of the eye”.
Where is the region associated with maximum visual acuity?
a. Ciliary body
b. Optic disc
c. Fovea centralis
d. Lamina vitrea
e. Lamina cribrosa
c. Fovea centralis
The ciliary body is a thickening in the uvea. It contains the ciliary muscle.
The site where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball is the optic disc. This region is also called the anatomical blind spot. Since there are no photoreceptors at this spot, it causes a blind spot in the visual field.
The fovea centralis is part of the retina. There are only cone cells in the fovea centralis. It is the site for maximal visual acuity.
The inner layer of the choroid is the lamina vitrea. The lamina vitrea is also referred to as Bruch’s membrane.
The lamina cribrosa are small openings within the sclera where the fibers forming the optic nerve travel through.
What is the suspensory ligament of the lens?
a. Zonlular fibers
b. Purkinje fibers
c. Elastic fibers
d. Spiral ligament
e. Oval ligament
a. Zonlular fibers
The zonular fibers are the suspensory ligament of the lens.
Which layer of the cornea is acellular?
a. Bowman’s membrane
b. Substantia propria
c. Epithelium
d. Endothelium
e. All of the above
a. Bowman’s membrane
There are five layers to the cornea: epithelium, Bowman’s membrane, substantia propria, Descemet’s membrane, and endothelium.
The surface of the cornea is covered by a non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Bowman’s membrane and Descemet’s membrane are acellular. The majority of the cornea is from the substantia propria. The endothelium is a simple epithelium.
How many layers of tissue compose the eyeball?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
c. 3
The eyeball has three layers. The innermost layer is the retina. The middle layer is the uvea. The outer layer is the sclera and cornea.
What type of glands are the glands of Moll?
a. Endocrine gland
b. Apocrine sweat gland
c. Oil gland
d. Sebaceous glands
e. Eccrine sweat gland
b. Apocrine sweat gland
The glands of Moll in the eyelid are apocrine sweat glands.
Which structure is part the uvea?
a. Ora serrata
b. Pigmented epithelium
c. Cornea
d. Sclera
e. Ciliary body
e. Ciliary body
The uvea is the middle layer of the eyeball. It consists of the iris, choroid and ciliary body.
What is the space anterior to the lens?
a. Anterior chamber
b. Posterior chamber
c. Vitreal cavity
d. Both a and b
e. All of a, b, and c
d. Both a and b
The region behind the lens is the vitreal cavity. The chambers anterior to the lens are the anterior chamber and posterior chamber. The iris separates the anterior chamber from the posterior chamber.
What is the vascular pigmented structure?
a. Choroid
b. Ciliary body
c. Iris
d. Ora serrata
e. Lens
a. Choroid
The vascular pigmented structure of the uvea is the choroid. The ciliary body contains the ciliary muscle. The ciliary muscle is responsible for adjusting the lens. The most anterior portion of the uvea is the iris. The anterior pigmented portion of the retina is called the ora serrata. The sclera is the “white of the eye”.
What type of epithelium is on the surface of the cornea?
a. Simple squamous
b. Stratified squamous
c. Simple cuboidal
d. Simple columnar
e. Transitional epithelium
b. Stratified squamous
The surface of the cornea is covered by a non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
What structure was Crystal Gayle referring to when she sang, “Don’t it make my brown eyes blue”?
a. Pupil
b. Lens
c. Cornea
d. Iris
e. Retina
d. Iris
The iris is the colored part of the eyes.
What makes up the bulk of the cornea?
a. Purkinje fibers
b. Myofibrils
c. Elastic fibers
d. Reticular fibers
e. Collagen fibers
e. Collagen fibers
The cornea is composed primarily of collagen fibers.
What is the middle layer of the eyeball?
a. Uvea
b. Rods
c. Cones
d. Bipolar cells
e. Ganglion cells
a. Uvea
The eyeball has three layers. The innermost layer is the retina. The middle layer is the uvea. The outer layer is the sclera and cornea.
The retina consists of the rods, cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells. The receptors for vision are the rods and cones. The rods are located on the periphery, and are not color sensitive. The cones are the receptors for color.
What is the anterior pigmented portion of the retina called?
a. Choroid
b. Ciliary body
c. Iris
d. Ora serrata
e. Sclera
d. Ora serrata
The vascular pigmented structure of the uvea is the choroid. The ciliary body contains the ciliary muscle. The ciliary muscle is responsible for adjusting the lens. The most anterior portion of the uvea is the iris. The anterior pigmented portion of the retina is called the ora serrata. The sclera is the “white of the eye”.
Which one of the following is not found in the retina?
a. Henle’s layer
b. Bipolar cells
c. Amacrine cells
d. Rods
e. Ganglion cells
a. Henle’s layer
Bipolar cells, amacrine cells, rods, and ganglion cells are all part of the retina.
Henle’s layer is a layer in the hair follicle.
Which structure is part the uvea?
a. Ora serrata
b. Pigmented epithelium
c. Choroid
d. Cornea
e. Sclera
c. Choroid
The uvea is the middle layer of the eyeball. It consists of the iris, choroid and ciliary body.
What is the space posterior to the lens?
a. Anterior chamber
b. Posterior chamber
c. Vitreal cavity
d. Both a and b
e. All of a, b, and c
c. Vitreal cavity
The region behind the lens is the vitreal cavity. The chambers anterior to the lens are the anterior chamber and posterior chamber. The iris separates the anterior chamber from the posterior chamber.
Where is the blind spot?
a. Ciliary body
b. Optic disc
c. Fovea centralis
d. Lamina vitrea
e. Lamina cribrosa
b. Optic disc
The ciliary body is a thickening in the uvea. It contains the ciliary muscle.
The site where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball is the optic disc. This region is also called the anatomical blind spot. Since there are no photoreceptors at this spot, it causes a blind spot in the visual field.
The fovea centralis is part of the retina. There are only cone cells in the fovea centralis. It is the site for maximal visual acuity.
The inner layer of the choroid is the lamina vitrea. The lamina vitrea is also referred to as Bruch’s membrane.
The lamina cribrosa are small openings within the sclera where the fibers forming the optic nerve travel through.
How many layers does the retina have?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 4
d. 5
e. 10
e. 10
There are ten layers to the retina.
Which of the following is NOT a layer of the cornea?
a. Bowman’s membrane
b. Substantia propria
c. Descemet’s membrane
d. Lamina vitrea
e. Endothelium
d. Lamina vitrea
There are five layers to the cornea: epithelium, Bowman’s membrane, substantia propria, Descemet’s membrane, and endothelium.
The surface of the cornea is covered by a non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Bowman’s membrane and Descemet’s membrane are acellular. The majority of the cornea is from the substantia propria. The endothelium is a simple epithelium.
The inner layer of the choroid is the lamina vitrea. The lamina vitrea is also referred to as Bruch’s membrane.
Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?
a. Ciliary body
b. Optic disc
c. Fovea centralis
d. Lamina vitrea
e. Lamina cribrosa
b. Optic disc
The ciliary body is a thickening in the uvea. It contains the ciliary muscle.
The site where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball is the optic disc. This region is also called the anatomical blind spot. Since there are no photoreceptors at this spot, it causes a blind spot in the visual field.
The fovea centralis is part of the retina. There are only cone cells in the fovea centralis. It is the site for maximal visual acuity.
The inner layer of the choroid is the lamina vitrea. The lamina vitrea is also referred to as Bruch’s membrane.
The lamina cribrosa are small openings within the sclera where the fibers forming the optic nerve travel through.
What makes up the bulk of the sclera?
a. Purkinje fibers
b. Myofibrils
c. Elastic fibers
d. Reticular fibers
e. Collagen fibers
e. Collagen fibers
The sclera is composed primarily of collagen fibers.
Which is NOT part of the retina?
a. Rods
b. Cones
c. Bipolar cells
d. Ganglion cells
e. Uvea
e. Uvea
The eyeball has three layers. The innermost layer is the retina. The middle layer is the uvea. The outer layer is the sclera and cornea.
The retina consists of the rods, cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells. The receptors for vision are the rods and cones. The rods are located on the periphery, and are not color sensitive. The cones are the receptors for color.
What is the most anterior portion of the uvea?
a. Choroid
b. Ciliary body
c. Iris
d. Ora serrata
e. Sclera
c. Iris
The vascular pigmented structure of the uvea is the choroid. The ciliary body contains the ciliary muscle. The ciliary muscle is responsible for adjusting the lens. The most anterior portion of the uvea is the iris. The anterior pigmented portion of the retina is called the ora serrata. The sclera is the “white of the eye”.
Which one of the following is not found in the retina?
a. Pigment epithelium
b. Muller’s cells
c. Huxley’s layer
d. Horizontal cells
e. Cones
c. Huxley’s layer
Pigment epithelium, Muller’s cells, horizontal cells, and cones cells are all part of the retina.
Huxley’s layer is a layer in the hair follicle.
Which structure is part the uvea?
a. Sclera
b. Iris
c. Ora serrata
d. Pigmented epithelium
e. Cornea
b. Iris
The uvea is the middle layer of the eyeball. It consists of the iris, choroid and ciliary body.
What is the space posterior to the iris?
a. Anterior chamber
b. Posterior chamber
c. Vitreal cavity
d. Both a and b
e. All of a, b, and c
b. Posterior chamber
The region behind the lens is the vitreal cavity. The chambers anterior to the lens are the anterior chamber and posterior chamber. The iris separates the anterior chamber from the posterior chamber.
What is within the membranous labyrinth?
a. Lymph
b. Blood
c. Endolymph
d. Perilymph
e. Air
c. Endolymph
The membranous labyrinth contains endolymph. The bony labyrinth contains perilymph.
What is within the bony labyrinth?
a. Lymph
b. Blood
c. Endolymph
d. Perilymph
e. Air
d. Perilymph
The membranous labyrinth contains endolymph. The bony labyrinth contains perilymph.
Which contains endolymph?
a. Scala vestibuli
b. Scala tympani
c. Cochlear duct
d. Both a and b
e. All a, b, and c
c. Cochlear duct
The scala vestibuli and scala tympani contain perilymph. The cochlear duct contains endolymph.
Which contains perilymph?
a. Scala vestibuli
b. Scala tympani
c. Cochlear duct
d. Both a and b
e. All a, b, and c
d. Both a and b
The scala vestibuli and scala tympani contain perilymph. The cochlear duct contains endolymph.
Where are the sensory receptors for hearing?
a. Saccule
b. Utricle
c. Organ of Corti
d. Semicircular canals
e. Both a and b
c. Organ of Corti
Where are the sensory receptors for movement?
a. Saccule
b. Utricle
c. Organ of Corti
d. Semicircular canals
e. Both a and b
d. Semicircular canals
Where are the sensory receptors for position?
a. Saccule
b. Utricle
c. Organ of Corti
d. Semicircular canals
e. Both a and b
e. Both a and b
The receptors for hearing are located within the organ of Corti. The receptors for movement are located within the semicircular canals. The receptors for position are located within the utricle and saccule.
What structure is shaped like a snail shell?
a. Saccule
b. Utricle
c. Organ of Corti
d. Semicircular canals
e. Cochlea
e. Cochlea
The cochlea is a spiral shaped structure. Within the cochlea is the organ of Corti.
Where is the organ of Corti?
a. Saccule
b. Utricle
c. Crista ampullaris
d. Semicircular canals
e. Cochlea
e. Cochlea
The cochlea is a spiral shaped structure. Within the cochlea is the organ of Corti.
What sensation does the crista ampullaris recognize?
a. Sound
b. Position
c. Movement
d. Vibration
e. All of the above
c. Movement
The crista ampullaris is the receptor for movement.
Which cell type is the receptor cell within the organ of Corti?
a. Cells of Hensen
b. Hair cells
c. Inner border cells
d. Outer phalangeal cells
e. Inner pillar cells
b. Hair cells
The hair cells are the receptor cells. The other cells are supporting cells.
