HistoWorld LE 5 (Special Senses) Flashcards
What is Bruch’s membrane?
a. Ciliary body
b. Optic disc
c. Fovea centralis
d. Lamina vitrea
e. Lamina cribrosa
d. Lamina vitrea
The ciliary body is a thickening in the uvea. It contains the ciliary muscle.
The site where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball is the optic disc. This region is also called the anatomical blind spot. Since there are no photoreceptors at this spot, it causes a blind spot in the visual field.
The fovea centralis is part of the retina. There are only cone cells in the fovea centralis. It is the site for maximal visual acuity.
The inner layer of the choroid is the lamina vitrea. The lamina vitrea is also referred to as Bruch’s membrane.
The lamina cribrosa are small openings within the sclera where the fibers forming the optic nerve travel through.
What are neurons in the retina?
a. Unipolar
b. Pseudounipolar
c. Bipolar
d. Multipolar
e. Both a and b
c. Bipolar
Neurons can be classified based on the number of axons and dendrites stemming off of the cell body. A unipolar neuron has one process which branches off of it This process then immediately divides into two. Thus, a unipolar neuron is sometimes also called a pseudounipolar neuron. Sensory neurons are unipolar.
A bipolar neuron has two process that branch from it: an axon and a dendrite. Bipolar neurons are not very common and are found in some of the organs for special senses. Bipolar neurons are found in the retina, inner ear, and the region of the nose involved with smell.
Multipolar neurons have one axon and many (at least two) dendrites that branch off of it. Most neurons are multipolar. Motor neurons and interneurons are multipolar.
Which structure is transparent?
a. Choroid
b. Ciliary body
c. Iris
d. Ora serrata
e. Cornea
e. Cornea
The cornea is transparent.
Which of the following is the receptor for color?
a. Rods
b. Cones
c. Bipolar cells
d. Ganglion cells
e. Horizontal cells
b. Cones
The eyeball has three layers. The innermost layer is the retina. The middle layer is the uvea. The outer layer is the sclera and cornea.
The retina consists of the rods, cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells. The receptors for vision are the rods and cones. The rods are located on the periphery, and are not color sensitive. The cones are the receptors for color.
What is responsible for adjusting the lens?
a. Choroid
b. Ciliary muscle
c. Iris
d. Ora serrata
e. Sclera
b. Ciliary muscle
The vascular pigmented structure of the uvea is the choroid. The ciliary body contains the ciliary muscle. The ciliary muscle is responsible for adjusting the lens. The most anterior portion of the uvea is the iris. The anterior pigmented portion of the retina is called the ora serrata. The sclera is the “white of the eye”.
What is the region called where the optic nerve exits the eye?
a. Os
b. Optic chiasm
c. Lamina cribrosa
d. Optic disc
e. Ora serrata
d. Optic disc
An os is an opening or mouth. The optic chiasm is the anatomical region shaped like an “X” where the two optic nerves join. The region where the optic nerve exits the eye is the optic disc. The openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit is the lamina cribrosa. The anterior pigmented portion of the retina is called the ora serrata.
Which of the following is a type of neuron?
a. Rods
b. Ganglion cells
c. Cones
d. Pigmented epithelium
e. Supporting cells
b. Ganglion cells
The retina contains receptor cells, neurons, pigmented epithelium and supporting cells. The nervous element in the retina consists of bipolar cells and ganglion cells.
What is the space anterior to the iris?
a. Anterior chamber
b. Posterior chamber
c. Vitreal cavity
d. Both a and b
e. All of a, b, and c
a. Anterior chamber
The region behind the lens is the vitreal cavity. The chambers anterior to the lens are the anterior chamber and posterior chamber. The iris separates the anterior chamber from the posterior chamber.
Which layer forms the majority of the cornea?
a. Epithelium
b. Endothelium
c. Descemet’s membrane
d. Substantia propria
e. Bowman’s membrane
d. Substantia propria
There are five layers to the cornea: epithelium, Bowman’s membrane, substantia propria, Descemet’s membrane, and endothelium.
The surface of the cornea is covered by a non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Bowman’s membrane and Descemet’s membrane are acellular. The majority of the cornea is from the substantia propria. The endothelium is a simple epithelium.
What is the region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball?
a. Ciliary body
b. Optic disc
c. Fovea centralis
d. Lamina vitrea
e. Lamina cribrosa
b. Optic disc
The ciliary body is a thickening in the uvea. It contains the ciliary muscle.
The site where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball is the optic disc. This region is also called the anatomical blind spot. Since there are no photoreceptors at this spot, it causes a blind spot in the visual field.
The fovea centralis is part of the retina. There are only cone cells in the fovea centralis. It is the site for maximal visual acuity.
The inner layer of the choroid is the lamina vitrea. The lamina vitrea is also referred to as Bruch’s membrane.
The lamina cribrosa are small openings within the sclera where the fibers forming the optic nerve travel through.
What are the receptors for vision?
a. Rods
b. Cones
c. Bipolar cells
d. Ganglion cells
e. Both a and b
e. Both a and b
The retina consists of the rods, cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells. The receptors for vision are the rods and cones. The rods are located on the periphery, and are not color sensitive. The cones are the receptors for color.
Where is the ciliary muscle located?
a. Ciliary body
b. Optic disc
c. Fovea centralis
d. Lamina vitrea
e. Lamina cribrosa
a. Ciliary body
The ciliary body is a thickening in the uvea. It contains the ciliary muscle.
The site where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball is the optic disc. This region is also called the anatomical blind spot. Since there are no photoreceptors at this spot, it causes a blind spot in the visual field.
The fovea centralis is part of the retina. There are only cone cells in the fovea centralis. It is the site for maximal visual acuity.
The inner layer of the choroid is the lamina vitrea. The lamina vitrea is also referred to as Bruch’s membrane.
The lamina cribrosa are small openings within the sclera where the fibers forming the optic nerve travel through.
Where is the ciliary muscle located?
a. Choroid
b. Ciliary body
c. Iris
d. Ora serrata
e. Sclera
b. Ciliary body
The vascular pigmented structure of the uvea is the choroid. The ciliary body contains the ciliary muscle. The ciliary muscle is responsible for adjusting the lens. The most anterior portion of the uvea is the iris. The anterior pigmented portion of the retina is called the ora serrata. The sclera is the “white of the eye”.
What are the openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit?
a. Os
b. Optic chiasm
c. Lamina cribrosa
d. Optic disc
e. Ora serrata
c. Lamina cribrosa
An os is an opening or mouth. The optic chiasm is the anatomical region shaped like an “X” where the two optic nerves join. The region where the optic nerve exits the eye is the optic disc. The openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit is the lamina cribrosa. The anterior pigmented portion of the retina is called the ora serrata.
Which of the following is NOT part of the retina?
a. Receptor cells
b. Neurons
c. Pigmented epithelium
d. Ciliary body
e. Supporting cells
d. Ciliary body
The retina contains receptor cells, neurons, pigmented epithelium and supporting cells. The nervous element in the retina consists of bipolar cells and ganglion cells.
What structure adjusts the shape of the lens?
a. Internal oblique muscle
b. Orbicularis oculi
c. Tarsus
d. Ciliary muscle
e. Levator muscle
d. Ciliary muscle
The ciliary muscle is within the ciliary body. The ciliary muscle adjusts the shape of the lens.
What is the inner layer of the choroid?
a. Ciliary body
b. Optic disc
c. Fovea centralis
d. Lamina vitrea
e. Lamina cribrosa
d. Lamina vitrea
The ciliary body is a thickening in the uvea. It contains the ciliary muscle.
The site where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball is the optic disc. This region is also called the anatomical blind spot. Since there are no photoreceptors at this spot, it causes a blind spot in the visual field.
The fovea centralis is part of the retina. There are only cone cells in the fovea centralis. It is the site for maximal visual acuity.
The inner layer of the choroid is the lamina vitrea. The lamina vitrea is also referred to as Bruch’s membrane.
The lamina cribrosa are small openings within the sclera where the fibers forming the optic nerve travel through.
Where does aqueous humor from anterior chamber collect into?
a. Canaliculi
b. Canal of Hering
c. Canal of Muller
d. Canal of Descemet
e. Canal of Schlemm
e. Canal of Schlemm
Aqueous humor collected from the anterior chamber via the canal of Schlemm.
Which layer of the cornea is acellular?
a. Epithelium
b. Endothelium
c. Descemet’s membrane
d. Substantia propria
e. None of the above
c. Descemet’s membrane
There are five layers to the cornea: epithelium, Bowman’s membrane, substantia propria, Descemet’s membrane, and endothelium.
The surface of the cornea is covered by a non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
Bowman’s membrane and Descemet’s membrane are acellular.
The majority of the cornea is from the substantia propria.
The endothelium is a simple epithelium.
Which structure is avascular?
a. Retina
b. Cornea
c. Choroid
d. Sclera
e. Uvea
b. Cornea
The cornea is avascular.
During the American Revolution, in the battle of Bunker Hill, an officer instructed his troops: “Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes”. What anatomical structure was he referring to?
a. Choroid
b. Ciliary body
c. Iris
d. Ora serrata
e. Sclera
e. Sclera
The vascular pigmented structure of the uvea is the choroid. The ciliary body contains the ciliary muscle. The ciliary muscle is responsible for adjusting the lens. The most anterior portion of the uvea is the iris. The anterior pigmented portion of the retina is called the ora serrata. The sclera is the “white of the eye”.
Where is the region associated with maximum visual acuity?
a. Ciliary body
b. Optic disc
c. Fovea centralis
d. Lamina vitrea
e. Lamina cribrosa
c. Fovea centralis
The ciliary body is a thickening in the uvea. It contains the ciliary muscle.
The site where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball is the optic disc. This region is also called the anatomical blind spot. Since there are no photoreceptors at this spot, it causes a blind spot in the visual field.
The fovea centralis is part of the retina. There are only cone cells in the fovea centralis. It is the site for maximal visual acuity.
The inner layer of the choroid is the lamina vitrea. The lamina vitrea is also referred to as Bruch’s membrane.
The lamina cribrosa are small openings within the sclera where the fibers forming the optic nerve travel through.
What is the suspensory ligament of the lens?
a. Zonlular fibers
b. Purkinje fibers
c. Elastic fibers
d. Spiral ligament
e. Oval ligament
a. Zonlular fibers
The zonular fibers are the suspensory ligament of the lens.
