HistoWorld (Blood) Flashcards
At what level of the vascular tree does gas exchange occur?
a. Capillary
b. Arteriole
c. Venule
d. Elastic artery
e. Muscular artery
a. Capillary
Capillaries are very thin walled in order to easily allow the exchange of gases. Gaseous exchange between the blood and tissues occurs at the level of the capillaries.
Arterioles are small branches of arteries with only one or two layers of smooth muscle in the tunica media. Arterioles regulate the amount of blood going into the capillary bed.
Venules are small branches of veins.
Elastic arteries are the arteries leaving the heart and the major branches. The aorta is an elastic artery.
Most of the named arteries are muscular arteries (with the exception of the aorta and the major branches off the aorta). The dividing line between elastic arteries and muscular arteries is not clear cut. However, a pronounced internal elastic membrane and external elastic membrane are distinguishing characteristics of muscular arteries.
Histology hint from Sarah Bellham: Elastic arteries also have an internal elastic membrane. However, there is so much elastic material in the tunica intima of an elastic artery, that a single, discrete internal elastic membrane is not visible.
Which layer in an artery is primarily skeletal muscle?
a. Tunica intima
b. Tunica media
c. Tunica externa
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
e. None of the above
The tunica intima is the innermost layer of a blood vessel. It is lined by endothelium
The tunica media is the middle layer of a blood vessel. The tunica media is primarily smooth muscle.
The tunica externa or tunica adventitia is the outer layer of a blood vessel. In large vessels, the tunica adventitia contains vasa vasorum (blood vessels) and nervi vascularis (nerves).
Which of the following is NOT a distinguishing feature between larger veins and arteries?
a. Veins have valves whereas arteries do not have valves
b. The tunics in veins are not as clearly delimited as are the tunics in arteries
c. The walls in veins are thinner than the walls in arteries
d. The lumen of a vein is smaller than the lumen of an artery
e. None. All of the above are true
d. The lumen of a vein is smaller than the lumen of an artery
Veins have valves whereas arteries do not have valves. The tunics in veins are
not as clearly delimited as are the tunics in arteries. The walls in veins are
thinner than the walls in arteries. The lumen of a vein is larger than the lumen of
an artery.
In which structure are things moved across the epithelium via pinocytotic vesicles?
a. Continuous capillaries
b. Fenestrated capillaries
c. Sinusoidal capillaries
d. AV anastomoses
e. Venous sinus
a. Continuous capillaries
A characteristic of continuous capillaries is that things are transported across the epithelium via pinocytotic vesicles.
A characteristic of fenestrated capillaries is the presence of pores or fenestrae.
Sinusoidal capillaries (sinusoids) are wide leaky capillaries. They are found in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow.
An arteriovenous anastomoses (AV anastomoses or AV shunt) is a direct route between arteries and veins. It bypasses the capillary bed.
A venous sinus is a venous space lined by endothelium. A venous sinus surrounding the brain exists which is called the dural sinus.
What is a thoroughfare which is a an intermediate between an arteriole and capillary?
a. Metcapillary
b. Metartery
c. Metvenule
d. Metarteriole
e. None of the above
d. Metarteriole
A metarteriole is a thoroughfare that can be considered an intermediate between an arteriole and capillary is a metarteriole.
Which layer in an artery contains the endothelium?
a. Tunica intima
b. Tunica media
c. Tunica externa
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
a. Tunica intima
The tunica intima is the innermost layer of a blood vessel. It is lined by endothelium
The tunica media is the middle layer of a blood vessel. The tunica media is primarily smooth muscle.
The tunica externa or tunica adventitia is the outer layer of a blood vessel. In large vessels, the tunica adventitia contains vasa vasorum (blood vessels) and nervi vascularis (nerves).
What do you call the simple squamous epithelium that lines the blood vessels?
a. Epithelioid tissue
b. Mesothelium
c. Endothelium
d. Transitional
e. Pseudostratified
c. Endothelium
Epithelial tissue has cells that are very tightly packed together. There is always a free surface associated with epithelial tissue. If a tissue is composed of a conglomeration of cells in tightly packed together, but it does not have a free surface, the tissue is called epithelioid tissue. An example of epithelioid tissue is the parenchyma of the adrenal gland.
Mesothelium is simple squamous epithelium that lines the abdominal cavity, the pericardial cavity, and the thoracic cavity.
Endothelium is simple squamous epithelium that lines the vascular system.
Transitional epithelium is seen in the urinary tract. Transitional epithelium has dome shaped cells on the apical surface.
Pseudostratified epithelium is a type of epithelium that has cells which all touch the basement membrane. Pseudostratified epithelium is only one cell layer thick. Pseudostratified epithelium appears stratified, but it is not really stratified. Thus the name. The prefix “pseudo” means false, such as pseudonym or pseudo-science.
In which of the following is a portal system NOT found?
a. Kidney
b. Liver
c. Muscle
d. Brain
e. None of the above is correct; a portal system is found in all of the above
c. Muscle
The normal flow of blood is as follows: artery - arteriole - capillary - post capillary venule -vein. However, exceptions to this pattern of blood flow exist.
The phenomenon when a vein is between two capillary beds is called a venous portal system. An example of this is the hepatic portal system. Another example of a venous portal system is seen in the brain between the hypothalamus and pituitary.
The phenomenon when an arteriole is between two capillary beds is called an arterial portal system. This is seen in the kidney.
What is the brachial artery?
a. Capillary
b. Arteriole
c. Venule
d. Elastic artery
e. Muscular artery
e. Muscular artery
Capillaries are very thin walled in order to easily allow the exchange of gases. Gaseous exchange between the blood and tissues occurs at the level of the capillaries.
Arterioles are small branches of arteries with only one or two layers of smooth muscle in the tunica media. Arterioles regulate the amount of blood going into the capillary bed.
Venules are small branches of veins.
Elastic arteries are the arteries leaving the heart and the major branches. The aorta is an elastic artery.
Most of the named arteries are muscular arteries (with the exception of the aorta and the major branches off the aorta). The dividing line between elastic arteries and muscular arteries is not clear cut. However, a pronounced internal elastic membrane and external elastic membrane are distinguishing characteristics of muscular arteries.
Histology hint from Sarah Bellham: Elastic arteries also have an internal elastic membrane. However, there is so much elastic material in the tunica intima of an elastic artery, that a single, discrete internal elastic membrane is not visible.
Which of the following is a distinct structure found specifically in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow?
a. Continuous capillaries
b. Fenestrated capillaries
c. Sinusoidal capillaries
d. AV anastomoses
e. Venous sinus
c. Sinusoidal capillaries
A characteristic of continuous capillaries is that things are transported across the epithelium via pinocytotic vesicles.
A characteristic of fenestrated capillaries is the presence of pores or fenestrae.
Sinusoidal capillaries (sinusoids) are wide leaky capillaries. They are found in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow.
An arteriovenous anastomoses (AV anastomoses or AV shunt) is a direct route between arteries and veins. It bypasses the capillary bed.
A venous sinus is a venous space lined by endothelium. A venous sinus surrounding the brain exists which is called the dural sinus.
Which layer in an artery is primarily smooth muscle?
a. Tunica intima
b. Tunica media
c. Tunica externa
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
b. Tunica media
The tunica intima is the innermost layer of a blood vessel. It is lined by endothelium
The tunica media is the middle layer of a blood vessel. The tunica media is primarily smooth muscle.
The tunica externa or tunica adventitia is the outer layer of a blood vessel. In large vessels, the tunica adventitia contains vasa vasorum (blood vessels) and nervi vascularis (nerves).
A pronounced internal elastic membrane and external elastic membrane are distinguishing characteristics of which type of vessel?
a. Capillary
b. Arteriole
c. Venule
d. Elastic artery
e. Muscular artery
e. Muscular artery
Capillaries are very thin walled in order to easily allow the exchange of gases. Gaseous exchange between the blood and tissues occurs at the level of the capillaries.
Arterioles are small branches of arteries with only one or two layers of smooth muscle in the tunica media. Arterioles regulate the amount of blood going into the capillary bed.
Venules are small branches of veins.
Elastic arteries are the arteries leaving the heart and the major branches. The aorta is an elastic artery.
Most of the named arteries are muscular arteries (with the exception of the aorta and the major branches off the aorta). The dividing line between elastic arteries and muscular arteries is not clear cut. However, a pronounced internal elastic membrane and external elastic membrane are distinguishing characteristics of muscular arteries.
Histology hint from Sarah Bellham: Elastic arteries also have an internal elastic membrane. However, there is so much elastic material in the tunica intima of an elastic artery, that a single, discrete internal elastic membrane is not visible.
Which of the following constitutes the microvascular bed of a tissue?
a. Capillaries
b. Capillaries and arterioles
c. Capillaries, arterioles, and post capillary venules
d. Capillaries, arterioles, post capillary venules, and veins
e. Capillaries, arterioles, post capillary venules, veins, and arteries
c. Capillaries, arterioles, and post capillary venules
Capillaries, arterioles, and post capillary venules make up the microvascular bed of a tissue.
What are wide, leaky capillaries called?
a. Continuous capillaries
b. Fenestrated capillaries
c. Sinusoidal capillaries
d. AV anastomoses
e. Venous sinus
c. Sinusoidal capillaries
A characteristic of continuous capillaries is that things are transported across the epithelium via pinocytotic vesicles.
A characteristic of fenestrated capillaries is the presence of pores or fenestrae.
Sinusoidal capillaries (sinusoids) are wide leaky capillaries. They are found in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow.
An arteriovenous anastomoses (AV anastomoses or AV shunt) is a direct route between arteries and veins. It bypasses the capillary bed.
A venous sinus is a venous space lined by endothelium. A venous sinus surrounding the brain exists which is called the dural sinus.
What is a direct route between arteries and veins called?
a. Continuous capillaries
b. Fenestrated capillaries
c. Sinusoidal capillaries
d. AV anastomoses
e. Venous sinus
d. AV anastomoses
A characteristic of continuous capillaries is that things are transported across the epithelium via pinocytotic vesicles.
A characteristic of fenestrated capillaries is the presence of pores or fenestrae.
Sinusoidal capillaries (sinusoids) are wide leaky capillaries. They are found in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow.
An arteriovenous anastomoses (AV anastomoses or AV shunt) is a direct route between arteries and veins. It bypasses the capillary bed.
A venous sinus is a venous space lined by endothelium. A venous sinus surrounding the brain exists which is called the dural sinus.
Which layer in an elastic artery is the largest thickest?
a. Tunica intima
b. Tunica albuginea
c. Tunica externa
d. Tunica vaculosa
e. Tunica media
e. Tunica media
In an elastic artery, the tunica media is the thickest.
In which of the following is an arterial portal system found?
a. Kidney
b. Liver
c. Muscle
d. Brain
e. Stomach
a. Kidney
The normal flow of blood is as follows: artery - arteriole - capillary - post capillary venule -vein. However, exceptions to this pattern of blood flow exist.
The phenomenon when a vein is between two capillary beds is called a venous portal system. An example of this is the hepatic portal system. Another example of a venous portal system is seen in the brain between the hypothalamus and pituitary.
The phenomenon when an arteriole is between two capillary beds is called an arterial portal system. This is seen in the kidney.
What are vasa vasorum?
a. Vasoactive material
b. Valves
c. Vasopressin secreting cells
d. Nerves
e. Blood vessels
e. Blood vessels
Vasa vasorum are the blood vessels of the blood vessels. These are the vessels which supply the vessel wall.
Which structure has only a few layers of muscle in the tunica media?
a. Capillary
b. Arteriole
c. Elastic artery
d. Muscular artery
b. Arteriole
The tunica media is the middle layer of a blood vessel. The tunica media is primarily smooth muscle.
Which layer in a large vessel contains the nervi vascularis?
a. Tunica intima
b. Tunica media
c. Tunica externa
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
c. Tunica externa/adventitia
The tunica intima is the innermost layer of a blood vessel. It is lined by endothelium
The tunica media is the middle layer of a blood vessel. The tunica media is primarily smooth muscle.
The tunica externa or tunica adventitia is the outer layer of a blood vessel. In large vessels, the tunica adventitia contains vasa vasorum (blood vessels) and nervi vascularis (nerves).
What vessel regulates the amount of blood going into a capillary bed?
a. Capillary
b. Arteriole
c. Venule
d. Elastic artery
e. Muscular artery
b. Arteriole
Capillaries are very thin walled in order to easily allow the exchange of gases. Gaseous exchange between the blood and tissues occurs at the level of the capillaries.
Arterioles are small branches of arteries with only one or two layers of smooth muscle in the tunica media. Arterioles regulate the amount of blood going into the capillary bed.
Venules are small branches of veins.
Elastic arteries are the arteries leaving the heart and the major branches. The aorta is an elastic artery.
Most of the named arteries are muscular arteries (with the exception of the aorta and the major branches off the aorta). The dividing line between elastic arteries and muscular arteries is not clear cut. However, a pronounced internal elastic membrane and external elastic membrane are distinguishing characteristics of muscular arteries.
Histology hint from Sarah Bellham: Elastic arteries also have an internal elastic membrane. However, there is so much elastic material in the tunica intima of an elastic artery, that a single, discrete internal elastic membrane is not visible.
What is the aorta?
a. Capillary
b. Arteriole
c. Venule
d. Elastic artery
e. Muscular artery
d. Elastic artery
Capillaries are very thin walled in order to easily allow the exchange of gases. Gaseous exchange between the blood and tissues occurs at the level of the capillaries.
Arterioles are small branches of arteries with only one or two layers of smooth muscle in the tunica media. Arterioles regulate the amount of blood going into the capillary bed.
Venules are small branches of veins.
Elastic arteries are the arteries leaving the heart and the major branches. The aorta is an elastic artery.
Most of the named arteries are muscular arteries (with the exception of the aorta and the major branches off the aorta). The dividing line between elastic arteries and muscular arteries is not clear cut. However, a pronounced internal elastic membrane and external elastic membrane are distinguishing characteristics of muscular arteries.
Histology hint from Sarah Bellham: Elastic arteries also have an internal elastic membrane. However, there is so much elastic material in the tunica intima of an elastic artery, that a single, discrete internal elastic membrane is not visible.
What are most of the named arteries in the body?
a. Capillary
b. Arteriole
c. Venule
d. Elastic artery
e. Muscular artery
e. Muscular artery
Capillaries are very thin walled in order to easily allow the exchange of gases. Gaseous exchange between the blood and tissues occurs at the level of the capillaries.
Arterioles are small branches of arteries with only one or two layers of smooth muscle in the tunica media. Arterioles regulate the amount of blood going into the capillary bed.
Venules are small branches of veins.
Elastic arteries are the arteries leaving the heart and the major branches. The aorta is an elastic artery.
Most of the named arteries are muscular arteries (with the exception of the aorta and the major branches off the aorta). The dividing line between elastic arteries and muscular arteries is not clear cut. However, a pronounced internal elastic membrane and external elastic membrane are distinguishing characteristics of muscular arteries.
Histology hint from Sarah Bellham: Elastic arteries also have an internal elastic membrane. However, there is so much elastic material in the tunica intima of an elastic artery, that a single, discrete internal elastic membrane is not visible.
Which structure contains pores?
a. Continuous capillaries
b. Fenestrated capillaries
c. Sinusoidal capillaries
d. AV anastomoses
e. Venous sinus
b. Fenestrated capillaries
A characteristic of continuous capillaries is that things are transported across the epithelium via pinocytotic vesicles.
A characteristic of fenestrated capillaries is the presence of pores or fenestrae.
Sinusoidal capillaries (sinusoids) are wide leaky capillaries. They are found in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow.
An arteriovenous anastomoses (AV anastomoses or AV shunt) is a direct route between arteries and veins. It bypasses the capillary bed.
A venous sinus is a venous space lined by endothelium. A venous sinus surrounding the brain exists which is called the dural sinus.
Which one of the following is a pluripotential cell that is prevalent around post capillary venules?
a. Fibroblast
b. Endothelial cell
c. Pericyte
d. Histiocyte
e. Macrophage
c. Pericyte
A pericyte is a pluripotential cell that is prevalent around post capillary venules.
Which layer in an artery is also called the tunica adventitia?
a. Tunica intima
b. Tunica media
c. Tunica externa
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
c. Tunica externa
The tunica intima is the innermost layer of a blood vessel. It is lined by endothelium
The tunica media is the middle layer of a blood vessel. The tunica media is primarily smooth muscle.
The tunica externa or tunica adventitia is the outer layer of a blood vessel. In large vessels, the tunica adventitia contains vasa vasorum (blood vessels) and nervi vascularis (nerves).
Which layer in an artery is primarily connective tissue?
a. Tunica intima
b. Tunica media
c. Tunica externa
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
c. Tunica externa
The tunica intima is the innermost layer of a blood vessel. It is lined by endothelium
The tunica media is the middle layer of a blood vessel. The tunica media is primarily smooth muscle.
The tunica externa or tunica adventitia is the outer layer of a blood vessel. In large vessels, the tunica adventitia contains vasa vasorum (blood vessels) and nervi vascularis (nerves).
What type of tissue lines blood vessels?
a. Simple squamous epithelium
b. Simple cuboidal epithelium
c. Simple columnar epithelium
d. Stratified squamous epithelium
e. Transitional epithelium
a. Simple squamous epithelium
The lining of a blood vessel is simple squamous epithelium. This lining is called endothelium. Epithelium lines body cavities and surfaces. Simple squamous epithelium is “simple” because it is one cell thick. “Squamous” refers to the fact that the cells are flat.
In which of the following is a venous portal system found?
a. Kidney
b. Liver
c. Muscle
d. Skin
e. Stomach
b. Liver
The normal flow of blood is as follows: artery - arteriole - capillary - post capillary venule -vein. However, exceptions to this pattern of blood flow exist.
The phenomenon when a vein is between two capillary beds is called a venous portal system. An example of this is the hepatic portal system. Another example of a venous portal system is seen in the brain between the hypothalamus and pituitary.
The phenomenon when an arteriole is between two capillary beds is called an arterial portal system. This is seen in the kidney.
What are nervi vascularis?
a. Neuropil
b. Neuroglia
c. Pigmented lesion of a vessel
d. Nerves
e. Blood vessels
d. Nerves
Nervi vascularis are nerves of the blood vessels. These are the nerves which supply the vessel wall.
Which structure receives blood from the capillary bed?
a. Capillary
b. Arteriole
c. Venule
d. Elastic artery
e. Muscular artery
c. Venule
Capillaries are very thin walled in order to easily allow the exchange of gases. Gaseous exchange between the blood and tissues occurs at the level of the capillaries.
Arterioles are small branches of arteries with only one or two layers of smooth muscle in the tunica media. Arterioles regulate the amount of blood going into the capillary bed.
Venules are small branches of veins.
Elastic arteries are the arteries leaving the heart and the major branches. The aorta is an elastic artery.
Most of the named arteries are muscular arteries (with the exception of the aorta and the major branches off the aorta). The dividing line between elastic arteries and muscular arteries is not clear cut. However, a pronounced internal elastic membrane and external elastic membrane are distinguishing characteristics of muscular arteries.
Histology hint from Sarah Bellham: Elastic arteries also have an internal elastic membrane. However, there is so much elastic material in the tunica intima of an elastic artery, that a single, discrete internal elastic membrane is not visible.
Which layer in a large artery or vein contains the vasa vasorum?
a. Tunica intima
b. Tunica media
c. Tunica externa
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
c. Tunica externa
The tunica intima is the innermost layer of a blood vessel. It is lined by endothelium
The tunica media is the middle layer of a blood vessel. The tunica media is primarily smooth muscle.
The tunica externa or tunica adventitia is the outer layer of a blood vessel. In large vessels, the tunica adventitia contains vasa vasorum (blood vessels) and nervi vascularis (nerves).
What is the venous channel which is around the brain?
a. Continuous capillaries
b. Fenestrated capillaries
c. Sinusoidal capillaries
d. AV Anastomoses
e. Venous sinus
e. Venous sinus
A characteristic of continuous capillaries is that things are transported across the epithelium via pinocytotic vesicles.
A characteristic of fenestrated capillaries is the presence of pores or fenestrae.
Sinusoidal capillaries (sinusoids) are wide leaky capillaries. They are found in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow.
An arteriovenous anastomoses (AV anastomoses or AV shunt) is a direct route between arteries and veins. It bypasses the capillary bed.
A venous sinus is a venous space lined by endothelium. A venous sinus surrounding the brain exists which is called the dural sinus.
Which leukocyte is the second most abundant in a peripheral smear of blood?
a. Lymphocytes
b. Basophils
c. Neutrophil
d. Monocytes
e. Eosinophils
a. Lymphocytes
Leukocytes are the white blood cells. The order of frequency of the leukocytes is: neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil.
Histology hint fom Sarah Bellham: The order of frequency of the leukocytes can be remembered by the mnemonic: “Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas”.
Which of the following is a granulocyte?
a. Lymphocyte
b. Neutrophil
c. Monocyte
d. Erythrocyte
e. Thrombocyte
b. Neutrophil
The granulocytes are named because of the presence of visible cytoplasmic granules. The granulocytes consist of neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. The non-granulocytes are lymphocytes and monocytes. Erythrocytes are red blood cells. A thrombocyte is a platelet.
Histology hint from Sarah Bellham: The suffix (or prefix) “phil” comes from the Greek word meaning love. It is used to specify an attraction or affinity towards something. It is seen in such words as philosophy, philanthropy and bibliophile.
Histology heart
This suffix is used in naming the three granulocytes: eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils. Eosinophils “love” or are attracted to the eosin dye; thus the granules in an eosinophil are orange/pink. Basophils “love” or are attracted to the basophilic dye; thus the granules in a basophil are blue. Neutrophils “love” or are attracted to the neutral dye; thus the granules in a neutrophil are neutral colored.
Which leukocyte has orange-pink granules?
a. Neutrophil
b. Lymphocytes
c. Monocytes
d. Eosinophil
e. Basophils
d. Eosinophil
The leukocytes consist of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.
Neutrophils are granulocytes. Neutrophils have a multi-lobed nucleus. The lobes are separated by a thin strand. Because of the shape of the nucleus, neutrophils are also called “polymorphonuclear neutrophils”, “poly’s”, “PMN”, or “polymorph”.
Lymphocytes are agranulocytes. Lymphocytes can be categorized by three sizes: small, medium, and large. The small lymphocytes are the smallest leukocyte, being only slightly larger than an erythrocyte.
Monocytes are agranulocytes. They are the largest leukocyte.
Eosinophils are granulocytes. Eosinophils have prominent orange pink granules. The nucleus of eosinophils is usually bi-lobed.
Basophils are granulocytes. Basophils have large blue granules, which often obscure the nucleus. The granules are basophilic, therefore they are blue.
What is another term for a red blood cell?
a. Thrombocyte
b. Monocyte
c. Lymphocyte
d. Basophil
e. Erythrocyte
e. Erythrocyte
An erythrocyte is another name for a red blood cell.
Which of the following is described as a “biconcave disc”?
a. Platelets
b. Erythrocytes
c. Leukocytes
d. Monocytes
e. Eosinophils
b. Erythrocytes
Erythrocytes (red blood cells) are described as biconcave discs. When stained, this phenomenon results in the central portion of the cell staining lighter, thus the “central pallor”.
Histology hint from Sarah Bellham: A biconcave disc can be visualized by holding two Frisbees together so that the middle portion is thinner than the top or bottom.
Which is the largest leukocyte?
a. Neutrophil
b. Lymphocytes
c. Monocytes
d. Eosinophil
e. Basophils
c. Monocytes
The leukocytes consist of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.
Neutrophils are granulocytes. Neutrophils have a multi-lobed nucleus. The lobes are separated by a thin strand. Because of the shape of the nucleus, neutrophils are also called “polymorphonuclear neutrophils”, “poly’s”, “PMN”, or “polymorph”.
Lymphocytes are agranulocytes. Lymphocytes can be categorized by three sizes: small, medium, and large. The small lymphocytes are the smallest leukocyte, being only slightly larger than an erythrocyte.
Monocytes are agranulocytes. They are the largest leukocyte.
Eosinophils are granulocytes. Eosinophils have prominent orange pink granules. The nucleus of eosinophils is usually bi-lobed.
Basophils are granulocytes. Basophils have large blue granules, which often obscure the nucleus. The granules are basophilic, therefore they are blue.
Approximately what percentage of the volume of blood do the formed elements comprise?
a. 5
b. 25
c. 45
d. 75
e. 90
c. 45
Blood is composed of the formed elements and plasma. Plasma is the liquid portion of blood. The formed elements consist of the cells and cell fragments. The erythrocytes (red blood cells), platelets, and leukocytes (white blood cells) are all considered formed elements.
When a sample of blood is centrifuged, the percentage occupied by the formed elements is the hematocrit. An average hematocrit is about 45%.
Which of the following is the most abundant in a peripheral smear of blood?
a. Neutrophils
b. Basophils
c. Erythrocytes
d. Leukocytes
e. Platelets
c. Erythrocytes
Erythrocytes (red blood cells) are the most abundant formed element in a peripheral smear of blood.
Which leukocyte is the least abundant in a peripheral smear of blood?
a. Lymphocytes
b. Basophils
c. Neutrophil
d. Monocytes
e. Eosinophils
b. Basophils
Basophils are the least abundant leukocyte.
Leukocytes are the white blood cells. The order of frequency of the leukocytes is: neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil.
Histology hint from Sarah Bellham: The order of frequency of the leukocytes can be remembered by the mnemonic: “Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas”.
Which of the following is not a granulocyte?
a. PMN
b. Basophils
c. Neutrophil
d. Monocytes
e. Eosinophils
d. Monocytes
The granulocytes are named because of the presence of visible cytoplasmic granules. The granulocytes consist of neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. “PMN” is an abbreviation for polymorphonuclear neutrophil. Thus, it is a neutrophil, which is a granulocyte. The non-granulocytes are lymphocytes and monocytes.
Histology hint from Sarah Bellham: Poly is from the Greek “polys”, which means many. “Poly” is also sometimes used as a nickname for polymorphonuclear leukocyte.
Which of the following is a granulocyte?
a. Thrombocyte
b. Monocyte
c. Lymphocyte
d. Basophil
e. Erythrocyte
d. Basophil
The granulocytes are named because of the presence of visible cytoplasmic granules. The granulocytes consist of neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. The non-granulocytes are lymphocytes and monocytes. Erythrocytes are red blood cells. A thrombocyte is a platelet.
Histology hint from Sarah Bellham: The suffix (or prefix) “phil” comes from the Greek word meaning love. It is used to specify an attraction or affinity towards something. It is seen in such words as philosophy, philanthropy and bibliophile.
Histology heart
This suffix is used in naming the three granulocytes: eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils. Eosinophils “love” or are attracted to the eosin dye; thus the granules in an eosinophil are orange/pink. Basophils “love” or are attracted to the basophilic dye; thus the granules in a basophil are blue. Neutrophils “love” or are attracted to the neutral dye; thus the granules in a neutrophil are neutral colored.
Which of the following is described as having a “central pallor”?
a. Leukocytes
b. Monocytes
c. Eosinophils
d. Platelets
e. Erythrocytes
e. Erythrocytes
Erythrocytes (red blood cells) are described as biconcave discs. When stained, this phenomenon results in the central portion of the cell staining lighter, thus the “central pallor”.
Histology hint from Sarah Bellham: A biconcave disc can be visualized by holding two Frisbees together so that the middle portion is thinner than the top or bottom.
Which is the smallest leukocyte?
a. Neutrophil
b. Lymphocytes
c. Monocytes
d. Eosinophil
e. Basophils
b. Lymphocytes
The leukocytes consist of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.
Neutrophils are granulocytes. Neutrophils have a multi-lobed nucleus. The lobes are separated by a thin strand. Because of the shape of the nucleus, neutrophils are also called “polymorphonuclear neutrophils”, “poly’s”, “PMN”, or “polymorph.
Lymphocytes are agranulocytes. Lymphocytes can be categorized by three sizes: small, medium, and large. The small lymphocytes are the smallest leukocyte, being only slightly larger than an erythrocyte.
Monocytes are agranulocytes. They are the largest leukocyte.
Eosinophils are granulocytes. Eosinophils have prominent orange pink granules. The nucleus of eosinophils is usually bi-lobed.
Basophils are granulocytes. Basophils have large blue granules, which often obscure the nucleus. The granules are basophilic, therefore they are blue.
Which leukocyte usually has a bi-lobed nucleus?
a. Neutrophil
b. Lymphocytes
c. Monocytes
d. Eosinophil
e. Basophils
d. Eosinophil
The leukocytes consist of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.
Neutrophils are granulocytes. Neutrophils have a multi-lobed nucleus. The lobes are separated by a thin strand. Because of the shape of the nucleus, neutrophils are also called “polymorphonuclear neutrophils”, “poly’s”, “PMN”, or “polymorph”.
Lymphocytes are agranulocytes. Lymphocytes can be categorized by three sizes: small, medium, and large. The small lymphocytes are the smallest leukocyte, being only slightly larger than an erythrocyte.
Monocytes are agranulocytes. They are the largest leukocyte.
Eosinophils are granulocytes. Eosinophils have prominent orange pink granules. The nucleus of eosinophils is usually bi-lobed.
Basophils are granulocytes. Basophils have large blue granules, which often obscure the nucleus. The granules are basophilic, therefore they are blue.
What is the buffy coat?
a. Leukocytes
b. Platelets
c. Erythrocytes
d. Plasma
e. Both a and b
e. Both a and b
The buffy coat is seen in a sample of centrifuged blood. It is the thin layer above the red blood cells, but below the plasma. It consists of the leukocytes and platelets.
What is another term for a platelet?
a. Thrombocyte
b. Monocyte
c. Lymphocyte
d. Basophil
e. Erythrocyte
a. Thrombocyte
A thrombocyte is another name for a platelet.
Which of the four basic tissue types does blood belong to?
a. Epithelium
b. Connective tissue
c. Muscle
d. Nervous tissue
e. Blood
b. Connective tissue
There are four basic tissue types: epithelium, connective tissue, muscle and nervous tissue. Connective tissue is the most diverse. Blood is considered a type of connective tissue.
Which of the following formed elements do not contain a nucleus?
a. Platelets
b. Erythrocytes
c. Leukocytes
d. Monocytes
e. Both a and b
e. Both a and b
Blood is composed of the formed elements and plasma. Plasma is the liquid portion of blood. The formed elements consist of the cells and cell fragments. The erythrocytes (red blood cells), platelets, and leukocytes (white blood cells) are all considered formed elements.
Erythrocytes do not contain a nucleus. During their development within the bone marrow, they have a nucleus. However, prior to their entering into the blood stream, the nucleus is ejected.
Platelets are cell fragments. Platelets also do not contain a nucleus. They are fragments from megakaryocytes within the bone marrow. Leukocytes, which include monocytes, are cells with a nucleus.
What comes from a megakaryocyte?
a. Lymphocytes
b. Basophils
c. Erythrocytes
d. Monocytes
e. Platelets
e. Platelets
Platelets are cell fragments. They are fragments from megakaryocytes within the bone marrow.
Histology hint from Sarah Bellham: The prefix “mega” is from the Greek “megas” which means great or big. For example: megaphone, megalomaniac, megabyte, and megakaryocyte.
Which leukocyte is the most abundant in a peripheral smear of blood?
a. Lymphocytes
b. Basophils
c. Neutrophil
d. Monocytes
e. Eosinophils
c. Neutrophil
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocyte.
Leukocytes are the white blood cells. The order of frequency of the leukocytes is: neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil.
Histology hint from Sarah Bellham: The order of frequency of the leukocytes can be remembered by the mnemonic: “Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas”.
Which of the following is not a granulocyte?
a. Lymphocytes
b. Neutrophil
c. PMN
d. Eosinophils
e. Basophils
a. Lymphocytes
The granulocytes are named because of the presence of visible cytoplasmic granules. The granulocytes consist of neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. “PMN” is an abbreviation for polymorphonuclear neutrophil. Thus, it is a neutrophil, which is a granulocyte. The non-granulocytes are lymphocytes and monocytes.
Histology hint from Sarah Bellham: Poly is from the Greek “polys”, which means many. “Poly” is also sometimes used as a nickname for polymorphonuclear leukocyte.
Which of the following is a granulocyte?
a. Thrombocyte
b. Lymphocyte
c. Eosinophil
d. Monocyte
e. Erythrocyte
c. Eosinophil
The granulocytes are named because of the presence of visible cytoplasmic granules. The granulocytes consist of neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. The non-granulocytes are lymphocytes and monocytes. Erythrocytes are red blood cells. A thrombocyte is a platelet.
Note from Sarah Bellham: The suffix (or prefix) “phil” comes from the Greek word meaning love. It is used to specify an attraction or affinity towards something. It is seen in such words as philosophy, philanthropy and bibliophile.
This suffix is used in naming the three granulocytes: eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils. Eosinophils “love” or are attracted to the eosin dye; thus the granules in an eosinophil are orange/pink. Basophils “love” or are attracted to the basophilic dye; thus the granules in a basophil are blue. Neutrophils “love” or are attracted to the neutral dye; thus the granules in a neutrophil are neutral colored.
Which of the following is NOT a term used for a neutrophil?
a. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils
b. Poly’s
c. PMN
d. NP
e. Polymorph
d. NP
Neutrophils are granulocytes. Neutrophils have a multi-lobed nucleus. The lobes are separated by a thin strand. Because of the shape of the nucleus, neutrophils are also called “polymorphonuclear neutrophils”, “poly’s”, “PMN”, or “polymorph”.
Which leukocyte has a multi-lobed (3-5 lobes) nucleus?
a. Neutrophil
b. Lymphocytes
c. Monocytes
d. Eosinophil
e. Basophils
a. Neutrophil
The leukocytes consist of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.
Neutrophils are granulocytes. Neutrophils have a multi-lobed nucleus. The lobes are separated by a thin strand. Because of the shape of the nucleus, neutrophils are also called “polymorphonuclear neutrophils”, “poly’s”, “PMN”, or “polymorph.
Lymphocytes are agranulocytes. Lymphocytes can be categorized by three sizes: small, medium, and large. The small lymphocytes are the smallest leukocyte, being only slightly larger than an erythrocyte.
Monocytes are agranulocytes. They are the largest leukocyte.
Eosinophils are granulocytes. Eosinophils have prominent orange pink granules. The nucleus of eosinophils is usually bi-lobed.
Basophils are granulocytes. Basophils have large blue granules, which often obscure the nucleus. The granules are basophilic, therefore they are blue.
Which cell has large blue granules, often obscuring the nucleus?
a. Neutrophil
b. Lymphocytes
c. Monocytes
d. Eosinophil
e. Basophils
e. Basophils
The leukocytes consist of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.
Neutrophils are granulocytes. Neutrophils have a multi-lobed nucleus. The lobes are separated by a thin strand. Because of the shape of the nucleus, neutrophils are also called “polymorphonuclear neutrophils”, “poly’s”, “PMN”, or “polymorph”.
Lymphocytes are agranulocytes. Lymphocytes can be categorized by three sizes: small, medium, and large. The small lymphocytes are the smallest leukocyte, being only slightly larger than an erythrocyte.
Monocytes are agranulocytes. They are the largest leukocyte.
Eosinophils are granulocytes. Eosinophils have prominent orange pink granules. The nucleus of eosinophils is usually bi-lobed.
Basophils are granulocytes. Basophils have large blue granules, which often obscure the nucleus. The granules are basophilic, therefore they are blue.
Which of the following is not considered a “formed element”?
a. Plasma
b. Erythrocytes
c. Platelets
d. Leukocytes
e. Red blood cells
a. Plasma
Blood is composed of the formed elements and plasma. Plasma is the liquid portion of blood. The formed elements consist of the cells and cell fragments. The erythrocytes (red blood cells), platelets, and leukocytes (white blood cells) are all considered formed elements.
