HistoryC6Tier Flashcards
from Mr. Tier's Quizlet group, created by Mr. Tier
Mercenaries
hired soldiers
Hessians
German mercenaries hired by the British to fight in the American Revolution
Molly Pitcher
Mary Ludwig Hayes McCauley - carried water pitchers to soldiers during battle
General William Howe
British commander at the beginning of the Revolution. Won the Battle of Long Island, but failed to carry out the over all war strategy and was replaced.
Nathan Hale
teacher from Connecticut; American spy, hung when caught by the British
Britsh War Plan
capture American coastal cities; divide New England from the rest of the colonies
Battle of Philadelphia
forced the Continental Congress to flee and create a new capital in York, Pa.
Benedict Arnold
helped win American victories early in the war in New York; eventually switched sides and rejoined the British
General Horatio Gates
Blocked the British march toward Albany; won the Battle of Saratoga
Battle of Saratoga
important victory for the Americans early on, helped convince the French to give aid to America
Battle of Trenton
the “silent Christmas crossing” when Washington’s troops suprised the British in New Jersey and won a much needed victory to help keep support for the war
Benjamin Franklin
ambassador to France, helped negotiate a treaty with France for money, troops and Frederich Von Stueben
Bernardo de Galvez
Spanish governor of Louisiana who raised an army to help fight the British in Florida and along the Mississippi
Valley Forge
encampment where Continental Army got much needed training and learned to fight like a professional army though they experienced a lot of hardship
Marquis de Lafayette
French immigrant who became a trusted aide of General Washington
Friedrich von Stueben
army officer who trained and drilled the Continental Army; wrote a training manual for the Army
Juan de Miralles
Spanish ambassador to US; got Spain to loan money to Continental Congress
inflation
economic situation where it takes more money to buy the same amount of goods
Abigail Adams
John Adams wife; stood up for women’s rights by writing letters to her husband
Joseph Brant
Mowhawk chief who sided with the British; led several raids on New York settlements along the frontier
George Rogers Clark
lieutenant in the Virginia militia that helped win the battle of Vincennes in Indiana
blockade
preventing ships from exiting or entering ports
privateers
privatley owned merchant ships with weapons
John Paul Jones
American naval officer who raided British ships
General Charles Cornwallis
British General in the South; captured Charles Town, but ultimatley surrendured at Yorktown giving victory to the United States
guerilla warfare
hit-and-run technique of war
Francis Marion
the swamp fox”; led the South Carolina militia’s guerilla war in the South
Nathanael Greene replaced Gates as the commander of American forces in the South, split his army in two and won significant battles agains the British in the South (Cowpens)
Battle of Yorktown final battle of the war; Americans won with the assistance of the French navy
Treaty of Paris (1783) Great Britain recognized the United States as an independent nation, British promised to withdraw troops, gave America territory up to the Mississippi River; America promised to repay war debts
Newburgh Conspiracy soldier uprising resulting from Congress’ refusal to pay soldiers money owed; Washington convinced Congress to pay the soldiers
