HistoryC6S3 Flashcards
test
Which side of the American Revolution had more Native American allies?
the British
Why did more Native Americans side with the British than the Americans?
The natives saw the British as less of a threat to their land.
Who was Joseph Brant?
a Mohawk chief
Which side did the Mohawk tribe side with?
the British
What did the Native Americans help the British attack?
American settlements west of the Appalachian Mountains
Who was the British commander at Detroit?
Henry Hamilton
What was Henry Hamilton’s nickname?
the hair buyer
Why was Henry Hamilton called the hair buyer?
He paid the Native Americans for settler’s scalps
What leader went to end the British and Native American attacks on western settlers?
George Rogers Clark
What two British positions did George Rogers Clark capture in the frontier?
a post at Kaskaskia in Illinois and the town of Vincennes in Indiana
What other Native American tribe helped the British?
the Cherokee
What did Great Britain’s navy help them do?
prevent ships from entering or leaving American ports, which kept supplies and reinforcements from the colonial army
What was the problem with the American navy?
they did not have enough ships and were to weak to fight the well-armed British
What did Congress do to make up for their weak navy?
authorized privateering
Why was it easy to find privateers?
it was a very profitable trade
What American naval officer raided British ports?
John Paul Jones
What was Britain’s new strategy in the Revolution?
start in the South, which had more loyalists, and build a strong and quick offense
What was the worst American defeat in the Revolution?
the loss of Charles Town
Who lead the British siege of Charles Town?
General Henry Clinton
When was Charles Town lost?
May 1780
Who was put in charge of the British forces in the South after Clinton left?
General Charles Cornwallis
Who lead the American forces to fight the British in the South?
General Horatio Gates
Who won the Battle of Camden?
the British
What problem did the British face after the Battle of Camden?
They could not control all the land that they had conquered to do the colonists’ guerrilla warfare
What is guerrilla warfare?
military technique in which insurgents surprise their enemy with a quick attack and then escape without many losses
Who was Francis Marion?
a colonial leader who launched many successful guerrilla attacks on the British
Where did Francis Marion operate from?
the swamps of eastern South Carolina
What was Francis Marion known as?
the Swamp Fox
Who was Bernando de Gálvez?
governor of Louisiana in New Spain
What did Bernando de Gálvez do?
help the colonists buy lending money, opening New Orleans, and sending supplies and ammunition up the Mississippi
When did Spain declare war on Britian?
summer of 1779
What did Bernando de Gálvez do after Spain formally declared war on Britain?
raise an army and attacked several British positions along the lower Mississippi
What were the benefits of the help from New Spain?
allowed supplies to come from Spain, France, Cuba, and Mexico and secured the western borders of the colonies
Why did Southerners start to support the fight for independence?
After the Patriot victory at Kings Mountains, they wanted the war to end so their houses and farmland would be be preserved.
Who was Nathanael Greene?
the replacement commander for the continental forces in the South
What was Nathanael Greene’s strategy?
He split the army in two and send one part to defeat the British at Cowpens, while the other section went to join Marion with the guerrilla raids
What caused the British to abandon their fight in Carolina?
Cornwallis’s army was heavily weakened at Guilford Courthouse
What success did Cornwallis have after their losses at Guilford Courthouse?
they raided Virginia and nearly captured Thomas Jefferson and the Virginia legislature
Who did Washington send to fight Cornwallis near the end of the fight for the South?
Lafayette and Anthony Wayne
Where did Cornwallis set up camp?
Yorktown, on the Virginia coast
