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Old Decks > history_-_the_impact_of_chairman_mao_china_1946-76_20230227145117 > Flashcards

history_-_the_impact_of_chairman_mao_china_1946-76_20230227145117 Flashcards

1
Q

When did the Civil War start?

A

1946

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2
Q

Japanese Invasion

A

1937 - Caused a unity between the Nationalists and the Communists.

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3
Q

When did the unity end?

A

Chiang Kai-shek attacked the Communists in 1941

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4
Q

How the Communists used this break

A

Propaganda that Chiang was more interested in fighting his fellow Chinese, dividing the nation, where the Communists portrayed themselves as true Chinese patriots

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5
Q

2nd World War start - China

A

1937

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6
Q

When was The People’s Republic of China was established

A

1949

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7
Q

Self-Reliance

A

Restored to a powerful nation, after the humiliation from Western Powers/Japan. Revolution liberate from foreign control and Feudal Landlords. Not reliant on foreign powers, traded with Soviet Union, unequal relationship.

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8
Q

Continuing Revolution

A

Fight against the Class enemies - Landlords/Bourgeoisie owned most of land/property in China. Involvement in revolution, violence to prevent return to old ways, new generations involved in revolutionary struggle

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9
Q

Class Struggle

A

Revolution a class Struggle, needed to continue this. Ruling class in the Comm Party itself. Party needed to be periodically rectified. Officials, struggle meetings, undergo re-education working in fields/indoctrination meetings.

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10
Q

Struggle Meetings

A

Faced public criticisms and forced to make self criticisms, forced to undergo re-education working in fields and indoctrination meetings.

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11
Q

Learning from the People

A

Party embedded in the people, listen to concerns/learn from the. Mass discussions on policy. People to check the comm power ensuring the rule wasn’t dictatorial/unjust. Not be like the Soviet Union.

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12
Q

Mass Mobilisation

A

Mobilise the people to achieve objectives, enthuse revolutionary spirit. Carry out major works, like buildings, dams or roads. Cultivation of Land/industrialisation. Mao didn’t believe in experts/managers

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13
Q

Challenges facing the Government

A

Lack of farm workers, killed in war, low food. Inflation and financial problems. Rift between China and West, no trade only trade with the Soviet Union. Not in control of all areas of China, warlords/bandits.

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14
Q

Fixed Challenges

A

Regulation of economy/implementation, currency, Renminbi. Property of Guomindang support/Foreign assets confiscated. Banks/electricity/gas/transport nationalised. Unification campaigns, new system government established Comm party legitimised

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15
Q

Unification campaigns

A

1951-1952 - Xinjiang - Muslim/Soviet Ties| Tibet - Buddhism/belief that it is part of China

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16
Q

Size of the PLA

A

1950 - 5 million 1953 - 3.5 millionConscripts of 800,000 every year, serving 3 years. Indoctrinated into the ideology of the communist party. Instil communism return pass it on to peasants from to all areas.

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17
Q

PLA Help

A

Xinjiang Production/Construction Army with the task of developing untapped resources/agricultural land. Helped with building roads, dams, railways to help the people.

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18
Q

Laogai

A

Network of labour camps ‘Reform through labour’. Political opponents.

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19
Q

Resist America Aid Korea

A

Westerners were target of persecution, being spies. By 1950 most foreigner had left China, closed to Western influences. People sent money to the war effort to buy equipment to the army there.

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20
Q

Suppression of Counter-Revoltionaries

A

Focussed on the internal threats to China. GMD, bandits, Triads, religious sects. Large amounts of people denounced.

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21
Q

Three Anti Campaigns

A

Corruption, Waste and Obstructionist bureaucracy. Party Members/State Officials/ Line Managers. Mass meetings where people were denounced. Rooted out corrupt members.

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22
Q

Five Anti Campaigns

A

Directed at the Bourgeoisie. Bribery, Tax Evasion, Theft of State Property, Cheating on Government Contracts and Economic Espionage. Public denouncing, 3000 in Shanghai alone. Fines, loss of property, Laogai. 2-3m suicides.

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23
Q

Purges of Rao Shushi and Gao Gang

A

Gao leading CPC official in Manchuria 1949. Holding all 4 positions. Head of Central Planning Commission. Attempted to usurp Zhou Enlai, becoming vice chairman. Accused of building an independent kingdoms, Gao Suicide.

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24
Q

Agrarian Reform Law

A

Confiscation of Land to make it public

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25
Q

Aim of Land Reform

A

Take land from the rich and redistribute it to the poor peasants.

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26
Q

Results of Land Reform

A

Landlords were denounced in struggle meetings, some were executed. Poor people with little/no land gained land, gaining support from Communism, destroying the old elite system of landlords.

27
Q

Mutual Aid Teams

A

1952 - Where 10 households pooled their labour, equipment, land, livestock - 10 household, peasants still owned the land.

28
Q

APC

A

Larger MAT 30-50households, still owned by the peasants

29
Q

HAPC

A

200-300 household, government owning the land, very unpopular, but communist. 1956 75 million households 63%of the population.

30
Q

Pre-Launching the Hundred Flowers Campaign

A

Comm control of China, counterrev… campaign eliminated opposition. 5 year plan 1 year early, more economic growth required the educated. Party officials, their organisations rather than people. Opposition from the Politburo.

31
Q

Opposition to Mao’s plan

A

Encouraging criticism would undermine the party. Russian Leader Krushchev criticised Stalin undermined their Marxist and Lenin beliefs.

32
Q

The Success of Mao’s Strategy

A

‘Let a hundred flowers blossom, let hundred different schools of thought contend’. Mao had allies amongst the groups rejecting his campaign and eventually it was granted on April 1957.

33
Q

Campaign Begins

A

Torrent of criticisms of the regime, treating people as obedient subjects / estranged bureaucratic class, slavish following of Soviet Union. Removal ‘Poisonous weeds’. Anti-rightists - 500,000 intellectuals camps re-education suicide.

34
Q

Establishment of the PRC

A

1949.

35
Q

Start of the Korean War

A

1950.

36
Q

Marriage Law

A

1950.

37
Q

Suppression of Counter-Revolutionaries Campaign

A

1950.

38
Q

Three Anti’s Campaign

A

1951.

39
Q

Five Anti’s Campaign

A

1952.

40
Q

Agricultural Producers Cooperatives

A

1952.

41
Q

End of the Korean War

A

1953.

42
Q

First 5 Year Plan

A

1953.

43
Q

Purge of Rao and Gao

A

1953.

44
Q

HAPC’s

A
  1. 200-300 households. 1955 20 million households
45
Q

Hundred Flowers Campaign

A

1957.

46
Q

Great Leap Forward (2nd 5 Year Plan)

A

1958.

47
Q

Purge of Peng Dehuai

A

1959.

48
Q

Third 5 Year Plan

A

1962.

49
Q

Little Red book of quotations

A

1962.

50
Q

China’s first successful test of the Atomic Bomb

A

1964.

51
Q

Cultural Revolution

A

1966.

52
Q

Shanghai Revolution

A

1967.

53
Q

Cultural Revolution over

A

1969.

54
Q

Sizes of the PLA

A

Before 1950 - 5 millionBy 1952 - 3.5 million800,000 conscripts

55
Q

Bandits and Criminals Shanghai

A

63,000 Bandits| 90,000 Criminals

56
Q

Suicides in 5 Anti Campaign

A

Between 2 and 3 million

57
Q

Unification Campaigns

A
  1. Tibet - Buddism alternative belief systemXinjing - Muslim, close ties to Soviet Union Guangdong - NationalistsPhysical control of China, Bureaux control
58
Q

Education

A

Early 20th century 30% literacy, 20% primary school.1956 less than half children attended primary. 1976. 96%.6.4% of budget went into education.

59
Q

APC’s

A

1952-2 - 1955 17 million peasant household, 1963 70 million households.

60
Q

Results of Five Year Plan I

A

Machine Tools - 220.1% percentage of targetLocomotives - 83.5%Trucks - 187.5%

61
Q

Social Consequences of 5 Year Plan

A

1949 - 57 million urban areas, 1957 100 million

62
Q

Abolition of Private Enterprises

A

1956.

63
Q

100 Flowers Campaign Consequences

A

500,000 intellectuals branded ‘rightist’, many driven to suicide.

Old Decks (11 decks)

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