Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Old Decks > history_-_equality_in_the_usa_20230227145128 > Flashcards

history_-_equality_in_the_usa_20230227145128 Flashcards

1
Q

American Constitution

A

Written in 1787, adopted in 1788. Rights, duties and structure of government in America.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bill of rights

A

Addition to the constitution in 1791 - Sets out freedoms that all Americans should enjoy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Civil war

A

‘Slave states’ in the south and the ‘Free states’ in the north. The north won led, by Abraham Lincoln.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Freedom of all slavery

A

Abraham Lincoln, leading the North, declared that the freedom of all American slaves in his 1862 Emancipation Proclamation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

13th Amendment

A

Made slavery illegal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Civil war dates

A

1861-1865

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

14th Amendment

A

Give citizenship to all people born in the United States, guaranteeing the rights of people formerly slaves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

15th Amendment

A

Gave all citizens voting rights.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Jim Crow Laws

A

1890 and 1910 - Legal segregation. Denying blacks access to facilities used by whites. Healthcare, education, transport and public facilities were segregated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Black voting rights

A

Southern states prevented blacks voting - Grandfather clauses, Literacy tests.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Good old time Negro

A

Rich whites used blacks to nurse, care for children, cook/clean houses. Intimate relationship. Inferior race, that are happy to be segregated and serve for whites. Hired people that fit to stereotype.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The Ku Klux Klan

A

Radical white supremacy group, targeting blacks romantic, prosperous, challenged segregation. Lynched victims. 1900, 115 cases. Policemen, judges, politicians, no justice. Birth of a nation - vulnerable whites against blacks $10m ($220m)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Plessy vs Ferguson

A

1896 - Court case showing that segregation was unconstitutional. Train ride Louisiana white area, violated 14 amendment everyone equal. Supreme court - separate but equal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

North Conditions for Blacks - Good

A

Little legally forced segregation. South agriculture, north industrial. WW1 ‘great migration’ 500,000 moved north, economic boom 1920. Pay was better. Easier to vote.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Philip Randolph

A

Organised first successful black union - Brotherhood of Sleeping car porters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

North Conditions for Blacks - Bad

A

Huge discrimination and racism. Payed less than whites, forced to live in undesirable neighbourhoods. Ghettos - black population, poor facilities. Economic deprivation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Plessy v. Ferguson

A

1896.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

To secure these rights

A

1947.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Desegregation of the army

A

1948, Executive order 9981.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

NAACP founded

A

1909.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Smith v. Allwright

A

1944.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Morgan v. Virginia

A

1946.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Sweatt v. Painter

A

1950.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Brown v. The Board of Education I (Topeka)

A

1954.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Brown v. The Board of Education II

A

1955.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Emmitt Till Lynched

A

1955.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Montgomery Bus Boycott

A

1955-56.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Browder v. Gayle

A

1956.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The Little Rock Campaign

A

1957.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Greensboro Sit-ins

A

1960.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The Freedom Rides

A

1961.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The Albany Campaign

A

1961-62.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

James Meredith and the University of Mississippi

A

1962.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The Birmingham Campaign

A

1963.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

March on Washington

A

1963.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Mississippi Freedom Summer

A

1964.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Selma Campaign

A

1965.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Moynihan Report

A

1965.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Chicago Freedom Movement

A

1966.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

The Poor Peoples Campaign

A

1968.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

The Memphis Sanitation Workers Strike

A

1968.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

King Assassination

A

1968.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

J.F.K. Assassination

A

1963.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Lyndon Johnson Presidential Reign

A

1963-69.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

John F. Kennedy Presidential Reign

A

1961-63.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Reign

A

1953-61.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Malcolm X Assassination

A

1965.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Watt Riots (Los Angeles)

A

1965.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Shooting of James Meredith

A

1966.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

SNCC embrace violence

A

1968.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Black Panther Party Founded

A

1966.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Black Panther Party Disbanded

A

1977.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Vietnam War

A

1954.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Emancipation Proclamation

A

Declared the freedom of all Slaves in 1862

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

14th Amendment

A

1868 - Gave citizenship to all Americans, rights to former slaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

15th Amendment

A

1870 - Gave all citizens voting rights regardless of race

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Jim Crow Laws

A

1890 - 1910 -Legal Segregation, education transport healthcare and public facilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Voting Rights of Black Americans

A

Grandfather Clause, literacy tests not applied fairly disenfranchising black people.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Klu Klux Klan

A

Defender of White Supremacists. Lynching, in 1900 115 lynchings occurred. 1915-1929 Politicians, police, judges were part of the Klan, little justice. ‘Birth of a Nation’ film glorified the Klan, $10m made.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Plessy vs. Ferguson

A

1896 - Homer Plessy showed Jim Crow violated the constitution. Segregation violated the 14th amendment. Segregation lawful, equally good. Influential, legal foundation, although Jim Crow enforced across the South.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Conditions in the North

A
  • Little Forced segregation- North industrial, ‘Great Migration’, 500,000,1 920’s Pay better- Black union created ‘Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters’- Easier to vote in the North
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Conclusion

A

Underpaid, Ghetto’s, not slaves anymore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

2nd World War

A

Over 1.2m black joined, trained in rural South witnessed segregation. Worse equipment training, different vehicles/operations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Fair Employment Practices Commission

A

Executive Order in 1941, forced not to discriminate, threatening of march by Philip Randolph. Black migration to cities, 25% lived in cities in 1940. 1950, 1/3 lived in the North. Showed pressure on Government favour equality.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Voting

A

Before War - less than 2%, 1945 - 15% black population. Cities had a huge population, balance of power for voting. Voted William Dawson 1943 and Adam Powell 1945 to congress. William Haist, Federal Judge in 1949.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Detroit Riots

A

1943 - 34 people died, racial violence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

To Secure these Rights

A

1947 - Highlighted the need to change. Recommendations, not achievable due to congress.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Appointments

A

Ralph Bunche - American Ambassador to the U.N| William Haist - 1949 Federal Judge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Executive Orders - Truman

A

Order 9980 - Guaranteed fair employment Practices in the civi service.Order 10308 - Prevented lending money to segregated housing projects.Order 9981 - 1948 Desegregating the Army

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Truman was Successful

A

First President to commit himself to civil rights since Lincoln. TSTR showed the scale of inequalities, recommendations fulfilled executive orders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Truman limited achievements

A

FEPC (fair emplo…) underfunded/lacked support from s. civil servants. Housing initiative failed, houses poorly built decreased housing to blacks . Not comprehensive enough to deal with racism at all levels of American Society.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Smith Vs. Allwright

A

Smith Vs. Allwright, 1944 - Voting right in Texas, could vote in congressional, not primary, primary determined congressional. NAACP, applied to the whole of America.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Morgan Vs. Virginia

A

Morgan Vs. Virginia, 1946 - Segregation on interstate bus services. Violated her constitutional rights. NAACP, segregation on the interstate bus service was illegal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

De Jure / De Facto

A

De Jure - Change in Laws| De Facto - Change in Practice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Sweatt Vs. Painter

A

Sweatt Vs. Painter, 1950 - Texas Law School, segregated, other schools not equal, Supreme court allowed Sweatt to go to the University.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Brown Vs. Board Of Education of Topeka

A

Brown Vs. Board Of Education of Topeka, 1954 - NAACP, supreme court challenging separate but equal. Impossible separate and equal, segregation in schools illegal. Significant marked start of an end to separate but equal.

77
Q

White Backlash to Brown

A

White Backlash to Brown, White Citizens Council to keep segregation/private schools created. Increase in KKK activities, Emmett Till 1955 lynched.

78
Q

Eisenhower’s Segregation view

A

De Jure Change incapable of De Facto change. Infuriate Whites to oppose civil rights. Earl Warren appointment ‘The biggest damned-fool mistake I ever made’

79
Q

Brown II

A

Brown II, 1955 - De Jure victory had little De facto change. Desegregation of school should occur with ‘all deliberate speed’. NAACP thought this to be vague.

80
Q

Significance of Brown

A

Won a case at the heart of segregation. Warren sympathetic to civil rights. Failed to deliver 1957 only 750 of 6300 south schools desegregated. Stimulates massive resistance KKK, WCC, police judges ect all against deseg.

81
Q

Conclusion

A

Campaigning methods changed. Court cases, De Jure change produced little De Facto change.

82
Q

Montgomery Bus Boycott

A

Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1955-1956 - Segregated Busses, Rosa Parks (1955) refused to give up seat. Direct action, refused to use service. Hit companies hard, main revenue. King fined put into prison, gained media attention.

83
Q

Browder Vs. Gayle

A

Browder Vs. Gayle, 1956 - Boycott didn’t change segregation, NAACP ended with a court case making the segregation illegal.

84
Q

Significance of BvsG and MBB

A

Significance of BvsG and MBB, Power of black citizens ($). Direct action and legal, Media the injustice. MLK national attention, length to defend segregation, overturn Plessy vs Ferguson. Led to the establishment of the Sothern Christian Leader.. Conference

85
Q

Little Rock Campaign

A

Little Rock Campaign, 1957 - De facto segregation little progress, enrolling 9 students. National guard to prevent, Eisenhower orders to withdraw them. Racists prevented enrolling.

86
Q

Significance of Little Rock

A

Significance of Little Rock, NAACP Cooper Vs. Aaron 1958, illegal to prevent desegregation. Testing Court Rulings ensuring De facto change. Eisenhower forced to intervene, support desegregation, authority of President. Showed the extent to oppose integration.

87
Q

Greensboro Sit-ins

A

Greensboro Sit-ins, 1960 - Sitting in white only areas, escalated protest. 1 week six states, spread wade-in read-ins ect. 1961 70,000 people has engaged in the sit-ins. MLK and SNCC involvement Student Non violent Coordinating Committee.

88
Q

Significance of Sit-ins

A

Significance of Sit-ins, Increased CivRig organisations, Cooperate. Campaigns spread quickly. Media, increasing support for civil rights. Attacked all aspects of segregation. Showed the economic power. 1961 810 towns had desegregated public spaces 6 month after.

89
Q

The Freedom Rides 1961

A

The Freedom Rides, 1961 - To test Morgan vs Virginia, organised by CORE/SNCC. Use media attention, Bull Connor, gave no protection and gave police day off, racists to attack. Montgomery refused to protect. King gave a speech, enforced desegregation on the bus services Robert Kennedy.

90
Q

Significance of Freedom Rides

A

Significance of Freedom Rides, Cooperative between the civil rights groups. New Kennedy administration was sympathetic to civil rights.

91
Q

Albany Campaign

A

Albany Campaign, 1961-1962 - Laurie Pritchett new approach not giving media attention. King arrested then released.

92
Q

Significance of Albany

A

Significance of Albany, Peaceful protests didn’t always work. Splits in the organisations, some wanting more violent measures

93
Q

James Meredith University

A

James Meredith University, 1962 - James first black student at Uni of Mississ… Ross Barnett refused entry. Protestors on enrolment day, Rob Kennedy sent national Guard to protect, riot 2 died.

94
Q

Conclusion of the Early Movement

A

1955-62 - The power of the civil rights movement, although the government were reactive to the individual case rather than the fully committing to the cause

95
Q

Why Birmingham

A

Knew Bull Connor would react violently, worst cases of segregation, 10% registered to vote, no black civil servants, banned the NAACP.

96
Q

Goals for Birmingham

A

Organised by the SCLC, targetted segregation shopping areas, admin buildings, schools, public places.

97
Q

Birmingham Campaign

A

1963 - King arrested for marching. Month later, James Bevel SCLC, young people to join in, imprisoned 1300 children attacked/fire hosed children, media attention. John Kennedy, support for the bill to end segregation.

98
Q

Communists and Birmingham

A

Embarrassment for America, 1/5 of radio time dedicated to the protest in Soviet Union, American Corruption, soviet superiority.

99
Q

Significance of Birmingham

A

SCLC and the authorities negotiated desegregation terms. Protestors released, department store desegregated discrimination in employment ended. Greater sympathy for civil rights, Kennedy’s public commitment to civil rights bill

100
Q

Problems with Birmingham

A

Schools/public places not desegregated. 4 months later KKK bombed Sixteenth Street Baptist Church killing 4 young girls. King and SCLC condemned for using young children in danger.

101
Q

March On Washington

A

March On Washington, 1963 - NAACP, CORE, SNCC, SCLC organised a march, emancipation proclamation. 20% white, 250,000 people attended, Lincoln memorial.

102
Q

Significance of Washington

A

Significance of Washington, Significant white support in the march, media attention to the march. Solidified support for the civil rights legislation

103
Q

Mississippi Freedom Summer

A

Mississippi Freedom Summer, 1964 - CORE, SNCC, NAACP voter registration in Mississ…. 1962 6.2% could vote lowest. 800 volunteers, many white helped blacks to the vote. KKK and police resisted, 30 homes/37 churches firebombed 80 beatings 30 shootings.

104
Q

Significance of the Missi…

A

Breakdown in relationship with President Johnson, realisation that the political system was racist

105
Q

Selma Campaign

A

1965 - Ongoing campaign to register black people to vote. 1% could vote Sheriff likely to use violence. SNCC/SCLC involvement. March to Montgomery 1st attempt tear gas whips, 2nd stopped by King/President Johnson.

106
Q

Significance of Selma

A

Highlighted black registration to vote problems. Media attention was drawn increasing support. Cooperation between CORE, SNCC, SCLC. king stopped the march with Johnson, criticisms, extent to trust federal government.

107
Q

Why did King focus on the North

A

Civil rights act desegregated the South, did very little to the North. Little segregation, more racial discrimination in social and economic forms.

108
Q

Moynihan Report

A

1965 - Economic position of black people. High levels of crime/poor living conditions. Hoped to promote equality, report blamed black people for their economic problems, incapable of helping themselves.

109
Q

Significance of the Moynihan Report

A

Significance of the Moynihan Report, Created further tension between the liberal politicians like Johnson and black radicals. Used by whites to argue against government help.

110
Q

The Chicago Freedom Movement

A

The Chicago Freedom Movement , 1966 - SCLC and CCCO, Kings first in the North. Hot day fire hydrants police came riot started. Target housing, 1000 police unable to deal white protestors. Forced to negotiate Mayor Daley, re-election promises of housing ignored

111
Q

King’s quote on Chicago

A

King’s quote on Chicago - I have never seen even in Mississippi and Alabama mobs as hostile as I have seen in Chicago

112
Q

Significance of Chicago

A

Significance of Chicago, Criticisms of King, lost faith in SCLC. Misjudged situation in the North. Lost connection with Johnson, revealed scale of black problems, change segregation with laws, this required finance, Vitenam

113
Q

The Poor Peoples Campaign

A

The Poor Peoples Campaign, 1968 - Coalition of all races, Italian, Irish, Puerto Rican ect. Campaign together for better standard of living. Johnson didn’t support the plans, Vietnam war created divisions/diverted resources, raise money themselves.

114
Q

Memphis Sanitation Workers Strike

A

1968 - Refused to recognise the workers union, tear gas, King asked to help. Economic goals increase income. Marchers started to riot/loot, reporting King lead a violent march. King was assassinated.

115
Q

Significance of his assassination

A

Symbol of civil rights movement, Johnson day of mourning. Violence broke out across America 130 cities 29 states.

116
Q

Eisenhower 1953-61

A

Eisenhower 1953-61, Position would improve of its own accord, not the governments job to intervene. Reluctance to get involved with little rock. Two civil rights act.

117
Q

1957 Civil Rights Act

A

1957 Civil Rights Act, Voting rights of Americans, penalties for those preventing blacks to vote.

118
Q

1960 Civil Rights Act

A

1960 Civil Rights Act, Required authorities to record voter registration, increasing black voters by 3%

119
Q

John F. Kennedy

A

John F. Kennedy, Sympathetic to Civil Rights, called Coretta King, highly publicised. Slow to use his powers. Little advance, Southern White Congress. 5 black judges to Federal Court. Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity CEEO, March on Washington where he really started the Bill.

120
Q

Lyndon B. Johnson

A

Lyndon B. Johnson, Civil Rights, the ‘Great Society’ America a fairer plac.

121
Q

Civil Rights Act of 1964

A

Civil Rights Act of 1964, Outlawed the Segregation of any public space, Fair Employment Practices permanent. Ended legal Segregation across the South.

122
Q

Voting Right Act of 1965

A

Voting Right Act of 1965, Outlawed Tests preventing people from voting

123
Q

Civil Right Act of 1968 (Fair Housing Act)

A

Civil Right Act of 1968 (Fair Housing Act), Outlawed Discrimination in the selling of houses.

124
Q

Role of Congress

A

Role of Congress, Changed : Exposure of violence. Campaigns, support it couldn’t oppose it for longer. Johnson knew how to exploit congress ensuring the bill was passed. 1964 Congressional election South replace by liberal, legacy fo Kennedy

125
Q

Role of the Supreme Court

A

Role of the Supreme Court, Eisenhower’s decision to appoint Earl Warren as Chief Justice. Supreme court cases picked apart segregation. Activist were able to use laws to enforce the change.

126
Q

Conclusion

A

Conclusion, Supreme Court used its power to to support desegregation, needed support of the President/Congress couldn’t guarantee de facto change from de jure. Necessary to remove desegregation.

127
Q

Eisenhower Opposition

A

Eisenhower Opposition, Rarely took the initiative, reactionary change.

128
Q

Lyndon Johnson Opposition

A

Lyndon Johnson Opposition, King criticised him in Vietnam, critical of Kings Chicago Campaign, didn’t support the Poor Peoples Campaign.

129
Q

Opposition from Congress

A

Opposition from Congress, Filibusters - where people talked for a long time, tried to destroy the civil rights acts

130
Q

Nation of Islam

A

Advocated separatism, believed in Black supremacy.

131
Q

Malcolm X’s Beliefs

A

Malcolm X, Believed that King and the SNCC/NAACP were taken in the the ‘American Dream’. America founded on slavery/white supremacy.

132
Q

Black Nationalism

A

Political Black Nationalism - Self determination, black should govern themselvesEconomic Black Nationalism - Black people should control the economy within their community.

133
Q

Self Defence

A

Contradicts King’s non violence break sterotype of weak/defenceless.

134
Q

Break With Nation of Islam

A

Elijah Mohammed grew jealous of his fame / Malcolm X embarrassed the Nation of Islam, Malcolm left in 1964.

135
Q

Organisation of Afro-American Unity

A

Left the Nation of Islam/created this. Link between struggle against white oppression and the anti colonial struggle in Africa. Organise/reeducate black people.

136
Q

Assassination of Malcolm X

A

1965 - Shot 15 times, reports it was Elijah Mohammed.

137
Q

Significance of Malcolm X

A

His ability to express the feeling of the black working class, his organisation collapsed but their ideas were key to other groups.

138
Q

The Black Panther Party (BPP)

A

1966 - Most radical organisations, all black, prepared to use violent to revolutionarily transform America

139
Q

Aims of the BPP

A

Aims of the BPP, To organise the Black Working classes, working on the self defence of black people and economic improvements.

140
Q

10 point programme

A

Necessary for the liberation of Black peopleRanging from Economic wealth fare, safety/defence of black people.

141
Q

Ideology of the BPP

A

Black nationalists 2 types. Combined the black struggle with the colonialism of other countries. Mao ect. Called for black not to fight the Vietnam war.

142
Q

Methods

A

‘Patrol the pigs’ Keep the police under surveillance, protect against police brutality. Planned programmes of Free breakfast/healthcare/liberation schools.

143
Q

Persecution/Decline of BPP

A

Persecution/Decline of BPP, Government paranoid that a leader might emerge and threaten the government. COINTELPRO involvement. FBI, send forged death threats to leaders to destroy from within. Disagreements from the leaders.

144
Q

Political/economic achievements of Black Power

A

Didn’t solve the social/economic problems, offered practical help to blacks living in ghettos and kept the movement in the political agenda.

145
Q

Organising Northern Blacks

A

SNCC/BPP were attractive to black people self determination/commitment to addressing the economic problems of the ghettos. Organise high profile campaigns to address the issues.

146
Q

Black Panther Initiatives

A

Black Panther Initiatives, Educational/healthcare initatives helped 10,000’s. Sickle cell anaemia, end of the decade 49 BPP clinics across America. Illinois Peoples Free Healthcare Centres treated 2000 first month. Brought illness to national attention, National Sickle.. Control Act ensuring money/funding to research.

147
Q

Black Identity

A

Black Identity, Slavery/segregation terrible toll on Black people. Leaders recognised the need for Blacks to be proud of themselves. Malcolm X didn’t want a slave owner surname. Rejection of the term Negros/coloured related to racism/segregation.

148
Q

Media Portrayal of Black people

A

Star Trek, highly trained black characters

149
Q

Conclusion

A

Black Power had an enormous effect on black culture/society, emphasis on pride and self-help. High profile campaigns drew attention to Senator Stennis who tried to prevent the community projects. Other minority groups took the ideology and integrated it into theirs

150
Q

Initial Disagreements

A

The goals for Black people and the methods to be used to achieve these goals. Competition between leaders for media attention, public recognition.

151
Q

Moderate Groups

A

NAACP/NUL worked with legal system/courts and their willingness to work with white people.

152
Q

Radical Groups

A

CORE/SNCC advocated self defence. SCLC, criticised by the moderates for being too radical, while radicals criticised them for being moderate.

153
Q

Sources of Tension

A

The use of Violence Amount of cooperation with white peopleHow far De Jure change with ensure De Facto changeExtent of integration

154
Q

Non-violent vs. Peaceful

A

SNCC/CORE used non violent because King proved it worked. Non violent gained media attention, violence created a division between Government.

155
Q

Destructive Tensions

A

Damaged Kings reputation not the spokesperson for every black man in America. SNCC and CORE no longer prepared to work with NAACP/SCLC/NUL no national campaigns

156
Q

Conclusion

A

The unity of the 1960’s a facade of personal rivalries/political disagreements. Breakdown of the civil rights movement due to the radicalisation of the CORE/SNCC, the growing influence of Malcolm X, government can easily deal with non violent protests.

157
Q

Plessey v. Fergusen

A

1896 - Violated the American Constitution, Homer Plessey, 14th amendment, sat in white area of train. Separate but equal facilities.

158
Q

Smith v. Allwright

A

1944 - Texas, primary elections determined the congressional elections, black excluded from the primary elections. 15th amendment outlawed across America.

159
Q

Morgan v. Virginia

A

1946 - Inter state bus service, Irene Morgan fined $100 refusing to give up seat. Violated her constitutional rights, supreme court announced interstate segregation illegal

160
Q

Sweatt v. Painter

A

1950 - Heman Sweatt Texas Law, new law school rejected fewer teachers, book and students. Supreme court allowed the admission of Sweatt.

161
Q

Brown v. The board of Education of Topeka I

A

1954 - Forced to attend a black school 20 block, white school nearer. Supreme court announced segregation was illegal in American schools. Impossible for separate and equal.

162
Q

5 reason for Brown I

A
  • End Separate but equal- Rise in black middle class, understanding system, pressure- Poor quality for 60 years, resources wise integrate better - Earl Warren new Chief Judge more sympathetic to BCR
163
Q

Brown II

A

1954 - De Jure victory, no De Facto change. NAACP asked for a timetable, reply ‘all deliberate speed’ - too vague.

164
Q

Browder v. Gayle

A

1956 - Made the segregation of buses illegal

165
Q

1896.

A

Plessy V. Ferguson

166
Q

1909.

A

NAACP Founded

167
Q

1947.

A

To Secure these Rights

168
Q

1948.

A

Desegregation of the Army

169
Q

1944.

A

Smith v. Allwright

170
Q

1946.

A

Morgan v. Virginia

171
Q

1950.

A

Sweatt v. Painter

172
Q

1954.

A

Brown v. The Board of Education I (Topeka)| Start of the Vietnam War

173
Q

1955.

A

Brown v. The Board of Education II (Topeka)| Emmitt Till Lynched

174
Q

1955-56.

A

Montgomery Bus Boycott

175
Q

1956.

A

Browder v. Gayle

176
Q

1957.

A

The Little Rock Campaign

177
Q

1960.

A

Greensboro sit-ins

178
Q

1961.

A

Freedom Rides

179
Q

1962.

A

James Meredith and the University of Mississippi

180
Q

1963.

A

March on Washington| Birmingham Campaign

181
Q

1964.

A

Mississippi Freedom Summer

182
Q

1965.

A

Selma Campaign Moynihan ReportMalcolm X AssassinationWatt Riots (Los Angeles)

183
Q

1966.

A

Chicago Freedom CampaignShooting of James MeredithBlack Panther Party Founded

184
Q

1968.

A

Poor People’s CampaignThe Memphis Sanitation Workers StrikeKing Assassination

185
Q

1963.

A

J.F.K. Assassination

186
Q

1963-69.

A

Lyndon Johnson Presidential Reign

187
Q

1961-63.

A

John F. Kennedy Presidential Reign

188
Q

1977.

A

Black Panther Party Disbanded.

Old Decks (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions