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Minor P3 > History Toxicology > Flashcards

History Toxicology Flashcards

1
Q

What does toxicology mean literally?

A

science of poisons.

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2
Q

What does toxicology study?

A

nadelige effecten van exogene agentia op levende organismen.

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3
Q

Why is toxicology important?

A

Veilige toepassen van stoffen voor mens, dier en
milieu.

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4
Q

What is Bioavailability?

A

hoeveel van de werkzame stof beschikbaar komt op de bedoelde plek.

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5
Q

What are antidotes?

A

tegengif, kan de werking van een giftige stof in het lichaam neutraliseren, vertragen of verzwakken.

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6
Q

What is onset of action?

A

Time needed for an effect to happen

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7
Q

What is potency?

A

hoeveelheid die nodig is om een bepaald effect te produceren

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8
Q

What is specifity/site of action?

A

mate van reactie op delen van het lichaam

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9
Q

Paracelsus

A

Everything is toxic, depending on the dose.

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10
Q

Silent spring

A

pesticiden verdunnen eierschalen van vogels, dus minder vogels.

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11
Q

Wat zijn Subdisciplines van toxicology?

A
  • Neurotexicology, immunotoxicology, molecular toxicology, analytical chemical toxicology, genetic toxicology.
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12
Q

Wat zijn 3 doelen modern toxicology

A
  • Determine nature of toxicity
  • Evaluation of health hazards and risks
  • Advice to government, industry and consumers
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13
Q

What do the effects of exposure depend on?

A
  • How the substance is used
  • Who uses it
  • Concentration or dose of exposure
  • How you are exposed
  • How long, how often
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14
Q

What exposure/absorption routes are there?

A

Inhalation, ingestion, absorption

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15
Q

What is Acute exposure

A

short exposure with direct effect

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16
Q

What is Chronic exposure

A

lower dosis, repeated over longer period of time with lag time

17
Q

What is Lag time

A

delay between first exposure and negative effect

18
Q

Wat are Chronic effects

A

effects that take longer to develop. Such as cancer & liver failure.

19
Q

Wat can be reversible damaged

A

liver

20
Q

What can be Irreversible damaged

A

brains

21
Q

what are the 4 categories of laboratoy animal exposure?

A

Acute: <24u, single dose
sub acute: <1m, repeated dose
sub chronic: 1-2m, 10% life span
chronic: >3m, 80-90% life span

22
Q

Where do Local effects happen

A

occurs at point of contact.

23
Q

Where do Systematic effects happen

A

occurs at a point distant from the original point.

24
Q

Wat is AOP

A

adverse outcome pathway

25
Q

Wat beschrijft AOP

A

Op welk level heeft het effect; cellen, organen etc.

26
Q

What is dose-response?

A

Relationship between dose and effect

27
Q

What is dose

A

amount of exposure to a compound

28
Q

What does dose response determine?

A

The lowest dose at which the induced effect occurs

29
Q

Wat is Dose-response curve

A
  • Op een bepaalde dosis krijg je een effect.
  • Gebruikt bij risk assessment
30
Q

wat is EDx

A

effective dose, bijv. 50%

31
Q

wat is NOAEL?

A

greatest level of dose where no effect was seen

No Observed Adverse Effect Level

32
Q

wat is LOAEL?

A

first level of dose where an effect was seen

Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level

33
Q

Wat is LD?

A

Lethal Dose

34
Q

What does the Response effect depend on?

A
  • Route
  • External dose
  • Concentration in body
  • Duration exposure
35
Q

What does Habers Law describe?

A

The occurrence and/or the strength of a toxic effect depends on the total exposure

36
Q

What is Habers law?

A

K = CxT
K = constant, C=exposure concentration, t=duration of exposure

37
Q

How can you have Variation in response?

A

Interspecies: tussen verschillende soorten: weight, metabolisme

Intraspecies: binnen een soort: age, sex

Minor P3 (10 decks)

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