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European Business Framework > History - from Rome treaty to Lisbon treaty > Flashcards

History - from Rome treaty to Lisbon treaty Flashcards

1
Q

What is direct effect?

A

EU laws thatautomatically apply in national courts without the need for additional national legislations.

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2
Q

What is Supremacy of EU laws?

A

EU law takes precedence over national laws in the member states. When there’s a conflict between EU and national laws, EU law prevails.

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3
Q

What is Single European act, and when was it signed.
When was the official Single European Market created?

A

Signed in 1986, and aimed to create a single market within the EEC. Key goals included the free movement of goods, services, people, and capital across borders
This lead to the creation of Single European Market in 1993.

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4
Q

What is Deepening?

A

Making the connections and cooperation among EU countries stronger and closer in different areas like economics, politics, or working together on common issues

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5
Q

What is Widening

A

Allowing more countries to join the European Union, expanding the group of member countries

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6
Q

What is Subsidiarity?

A

EU performing only those tasks which cannot be performed at a more local level.

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7
Q

What is a Veto?

A

A formal power or right that allows an individual or entity to reject or block a decision, proposal, or action made by another entity or group.

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8
Q

When was the first election held, in the European Parliement?

A

1979

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9
Q

The Maastricht treaty created what? And when was it abolished

A
  1. Treaty on European Union (TEU)
  2. Three pillar structure of EU

Abolished under Lisbon Treaty in 2007

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10
Q

What are the three pillar structure?

A
  1. European Community (EEC, ECSC, Eurotom)
  2. Common Foreign and
    Security Policy
  3. Justice and Home Affairs Police and judicial cooperation, asylum policy etc
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11
Q

What is Acquis communautaire?

A

All the rules, laws, and agreements that a country needs to adopt and follow when it joins

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12
Q

What is Differentiated integration?

A

Some countries can choose to be more integrated in certain areas while others are less so, offering flexibility.

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13
Q

What is an Opt-out?

A

It means that a country can choose not to participate in a specific EU rule or policy. For example, Denmark and UK voting no to the Euro

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14
Q

What is Exclusive competence?

A

only one group or organization has the authority to make decisions about a specific thing

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15
Q

What is Shared competence?

A

more than one group or organization can make decisions about the same thing.

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16
Q

What is Unanimous vote?

A

Everyone has to agree on a decision. If even one person disagrees, it’s not unanimous. It’s used for important choices to make sure everyone is okay with the decision. (Intergovernmentalism)

17
Q

What is Quailifred majorty voting?

A

A decision can pass as long as a specific requirement, like a certain percentage of votes, is met. It doesn’t need everyone to agree, but it needs enough support based on the set rule. (Supranationalism)
55% of all countries needs to say yes (15/27 countries)
Out of the 55% - 65% of the populations needs to be from those countries.

18
Q

What are the institutions within the EU?

A

Vigtigeste!!
1. European Council (summit)
2. European Parlement (EP)
3. Council of Ministers (Council)
4. European Commission (EEC)

Mindre vigtige
5. Court of Justice
6. Court of Auditors
7. Economic and social committee
8. Committee of regions
9. European Investment bank
10. European Central Bank
11. Agencies

19
Q

What does the European council do and how old Is it?

A
  • An EU insitiution since 2009
  • Has a political role but not a legislative (power) one
  • Engages in foreign policy-making
  • Nominates and appoints the president of the European Commission
  • Sets the broad political direction of the EU.
  • Decision-maker of last resort
20
Q

What does the council of ministers do?

A
  • The council consists of the relevant minister from each member state.
  • Has a legislative role, but also an executive function e.g., Managing the (Common Foreign and Security Policy)
  • Part of co-decision making (with the parlament) on EU laws and the budget based on proposals from the Commission.
21
Q

What does the European Commission do?

A
  • Current president Ursula von der Leyen - proposed by the European parliament
  • 27 Commissioners, all with different roles and from different countries.
  • Has the right to propose legislation
  • Manage the policies and budget of the EU. Decides how much money each sections get.
  • Guardian of the treaties (if a country doesn’t live up to exceptions the commission will be after them)
  • Is responsible for doing task outside of the EU boarders. Fx, negotiaten treaties with foreign countries and making development programs.
22
Q

How does the European Parliament work?

A
  • Members elected for 5 years
  • Today, part of co-decision making on laws and the budget
  • Consent for a few issues e.g., enlargement
  • Consultation procedure for a few issues, e.g., competition policy. EP just gives an opinion.
23
Q

What does The Court of Justice of the EU do?

A
  • It clarifies the meaning and scope of EU treaties, regulations, and directives.
  • Hears cases brought by individuals, businesses, or member states involving EU law
  • Has the authority to review actions taken by EU institutions and ensure they adhere to EU law
  • One Judge per member state
  • Is responsible for most important cases, including those of political significance.
24
Q

What are the 5 steps for the ordinary legislative procedure?

A
  1. Citizens, interest groups, experts: discuss and consult
  2. Commission: makes formal propose
  3. Parliament and Council of Ministers: decide jointly
  4. National or local authorities: implement
  5. Commision and court of justice: monitor implementation.
  • First phase: The Council and the EP examine the proposal in committees. National parliaments are also involved concerning subsidiarity. First reading in EP, which may suggest amendments. The Council votes on the proposal (or amended version of) using a QMV.
  • Second phase: Scrutiny by EP and the Council. Legislation
    usually passed.
  • Third phase: If the EP rejects the Council’s position, or the
    Council does not approve the EP’s amendments, then the third
    phase begins: Conciliation Committee
25
Q

What is a regulation?

A

A binding legislative act

26
Q

What is a directives?

A

A legislative act that sets out a goal that EU countries must achieve.

27
Q

What are the 10 formations of the Council of the EU?

A
  1. Agriculture & Fisheries
  2. Competitiveness
  3. Economic and Financial affairs
  4. Environment
  5. Employment
  6. Education
  7. Foreign Affairs
  8. General Affaris
  9. Justice and Home affairs
  10. Transport

European Business Framework (11 decks)

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