History Final 2 Flashcards
The Renaissance is most heavily associated with
art and learning
What did Protestants protest during the Reformation?
Complains against the church’s doctrine
The first successful printing press was developed by his this man
Johannes Gutenberg in 1448
What were Renaissance scholars called? (Hint: they were interested in the world and people around them.)
Humanists
The Crusades resulted in all of the following EXCEPT:
a) new trade routes
b) the mistreatment of Jews.
c) cooperation between Muslims and Christians
d) the growth of towns in Western Europe
c) cooperation between Muslims and Christians
The main reason that Renaissance spread quickly around the world is due to:
Italy had 3 advantages:
1) thriving cities,
2) a wealthy mer- chant class, and
3) the classical heritage of Greece and Rome.
Who led the Protestant Reformation?
Martin Luther
Who was a great poet and playwright during the Renaissance?
Shakespeare, William
In what city in Italy did the Renaissance begin?
Florence
Who began the protestant Reformation?
Martin Luther
The word secular means
Worldly rather than spiritual.
What German Monk posted his protest against the Catholic Church and its abuses which lead to the Protestant Reformation?
Martin Luther
During the Renaissance people looked to this culture or group of people to review their teachings
ancient Greek and Roman
During the Reformation, Christians split into what two groups?
1) Protestants,
2) catholic,
What was the Renaissance a rebirth of?
Art and learning
Which of the following was a major reason for the Reformation?
Northern merchants resented paying taxes to the Church in Rome
The best synonym for secular would be
a) new
b) worldly
c) humane
d) religious
b) worldly
Much of the Renaissance art and education was funded and supported in _______________________ , ruled by _______________________
a) Rome; the Pope
b) London; Bloody Mary
c) Florence; Leonardo De Medici
d) None of the above
c) Florence; Leonardo De Medici
Name two important Italian and two important Northern European artists that lived during the Renaissance period. (that we studied in class)
1) Italians: Leonardo Da Vinci and Michaelangelo
2) Northern European: Albrecht Durer and Hans Holbein
The Age that is known for creativity, the birth of music and the art movement is the:
Renaissance
What was the first full-sized book Gutenberg printed?
the Bible
Who invented the moveable printing press?
Johan Gutenberg
What was an important effect of the invention of the Printing Press?
a) Gutenberg used his wealth from the invention to become a patron
b) It led to the development of public libraries
c) It led to renewed study of Latin and Greek
d) It increased literacy and the use of vernacular
d) It increased literacy and the use of vernacular
In Spain, an effect of the Inquisition during the 16th century was to
a) prevent the spread of Protestant religions
b) reintroduce Moorish culture to the Iberian Peninsula
c) encourage the development of the Industrial Revolution
d) implement the ideas of the Renaissance in major cities
a) prevent the spread of Protestant religions
What kind of person represented the ideal of the “Renaissance Man?”
someone excelling in many areas of study
For what is the Medici family famous?
for being rulers and supporters of the arts
The study of classical texts caused humanists to focus on what subjects?
human potential and achievement
What were the causes of the Crusades? What were some of the results of the Crusades?
1) The reason and cause of the crusades was a war between Christians and Moslems which centered around the city of Jerusalem and the Holy places of Palestine.
2) Results: The main result of the Crusades was an increase in trade between the Middle East and Europe. That, and quite some many slaughtered human beings.
In a short paragraph, discuss the historical timing of the plague and why it was significant. (i.e. what were some of the contributing factors that were exacerbated by the plague?)
1) the Black Death spread across Europe in the years 1346-1353.
2) The plage began in Asia and spread quickly to Europe because waste was dumped into open gutters.
3) About 1/3 of the population died.
4) People’s faith in God was shaken. The church lost its power and importance. Workers, now in short supply, demanded higher wages.
How many Crusades were there?
There were 7 Crusades
What new business systems developed because of the revival of trade in Europe?
1) ___________
2) ___________
3) ___________
1) Manufacturing
2) Banking
3) Investment
True or False? To be chivalrous literally meant to behave as a horseman, which is to say as a knight because the word chivalry is derived from cheval.
False
What were two changes that took place in the Later Middle Ages in terms of warfare?
Europeans learned how to undermine walls and use catapults to throw rocks.
Form the Muslims, they have learned about gunpowder
What was a guild?
Associations of Merchants and workers
What was Great Schism? (Be as detailed as possible!)
Great Schism is the time when the church was divided into opposing groups. So different Popes would be elected in different places. For political reasons, each pope had the support of certain national rulers and their people and clergy.
What were the causes of the Hundred Years War? What were the results?
In the early 1300s the English king Edward III held land in France. Because of that he thought he could be the King of France after the last king from the Capetian dynasty died. But instead the French assembly chose Philip VI. This fact lead to many conflicts known as the Hundred Years War between France and England.
Results: the House of Commons gained more power over the king, now the king needed Parliament’s consent on all special taxes, another consequence was the loss of many life.
How did the Renaissance contribute to the Age of Exploration?
1) Mapmaking improved during the Renaissance
2) Improved navigation instruments: COMPASS (most important instrument developed)
3) New ships: longer and larger than galleys. Ships were easier to steer and move faster.
The Renaissance saw a rebirth of what era?
The Classical Era - The great age of Rome and Greece
How did the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and its aftermath ensure that the English monarchy would thereafter be limited in power?
Parliament had the power to remove or crown monarchs. The monarch was now subject to rule of law.
Identify the following historical figures as they relate to history: Tudors
The Strong Tudor Trend: For about 150 years, from 1485 to 1640, it looked like England would also go the way of the other European countries and become an absolutist monarchy with the rise of the strong Tudor monarchs Henry VII, Henry VIII, and Elizabeth I. Every indication pointed that way with the reduction of the nobility to obedience to the crown, the monarch’s assumption of religious primacy, and the reorganization of the governmental machinery itself.
Identify the following historical figures as they relate to history: Da Vinci
Da Vinci’s surviving was an artist (paintings). He wrote and drew on subjects including geology, anatomy, flight, gravity and optics. He ‘invented’ the bicycle, airplane, helicopter, and parachute some 500 years ahead of their time.
Identify the following historical figures as they relate to history: Gutenberg
Johann Gutenberg invented the printing press in the 1448, and the first book to ever be printed was a Latin language Bible.
Identify the following historical figures as they relate to history: Philip II
Philip II was born in 1527 and he died in 1598. Philip II became king of Spain. He governed Spain in her so-called “Golden Age”. However, his reign saw the economic decline of Spain, her bankruptcy and a disastrous decade, which included the disaster of the Spanish Armada.
Identify the following historical figures as they relate to history: Copernicus, Galileo
Nicolas Copernicus and Galileo Galilei were astronomers who believed in the heliocentric model of the solar system, in which planets revolve around the Sun.
Galileo was the first astronomer to build a telescope for viewing the heavens.
Galileo was put under house arrest by the Roman Catholic Church because he supported the idea that the earth orbited the sun.
Martin Luther, John Calvin, Henry VIII:
Catholic church were all against them
Define what Humanism is and name some subjects they studied.
1) Humanism is the focus on human potential;
2) They studied literature and science and Greco-Roman culture
True or False: The most powerful of the Inquisition courts was located in Italy.
False
Copernicus reasoned that the stars, Earth, and other planets revolved around the sun is called
Heliocentric theory
What 3 new inventions helped scientists make more precise observations and measurements?
Telescope, compas, and astrolabe
A period of questioning accepted views of the world became known as
The Scientific Revolution
Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?
1) It was the root of Roman culture, the center of Renaissance culture
2) Their cities had survived the Middle Ages. (Like Florence and Genoa)
3) The wealthy merchant class supported the Renaissance, supporting education, exerting political and economical
Name 5 revolutionary scientists during the scientific revolution.
Nicolaus Copernicus Kepler Newton Galileo Galilei René Descartes
The development of the printing press
a) raised the cost of publishing (True/False)
b) slowed the spread of literature (True/False)
c) discouraged the spread of new ideas (True/False)
a) False ( it lowered the cost of publishing)
b) False (the spread of literature was fast)
c) False (it spread of new ideas)
The Renaissance was a time when scholars, artists and scientists rediscovered the works and books of ancient _______ and __________
Greece and Rome .
True or False: Sir Isaac Newton not only explained gravity and the motion of planets. He also explained how forces affect the motion of objects.
True
True or False: Martin Luther was burned at the stake for not agreeing with the Catholic Church.
False
Who was King Henry VIII? Why should we remember him?
King Henry VIII was a great king of England during the Renaissance period. He turned to Protestantism and was part of the Reformation period. He went against the Catholic Church.
Why did Martin Luther and his followers split from the Catholic Church?
sale of indulgences, among others
How were books made before the moveable printing press?
handwritten
The theory that places Earth at the center of the universe is called
geocentric theory
Italian Renaissance writer, famously known for a handbook on how to rule, titled “The Prince”
Machiavelli
True or False: Italians during the renaissance had contact with two rich civilizations that enabled Italy to flourish. Trade with both Asia and Africa helped the merchant class to rise in power.
True
Sir Isaac Newton combined the ideas of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo into one single theory that stated that all physical objects were affected by the same force-gravity. This theory was called
universal gravitation
The time of European exploration of North America, South America, Asia, and Africa from 1450-1750 is called
The Age of Exploration
The voyage of Columbus began which historical period?
Age of Exploration
Christopher Columbus’ four voyages across the Atlantic led to
a) a decline in Europe’s population as a result of new diseases.
b) an exchange of people, foods, and germs between Europe and the Americas.
c) a race between Spain and India to claim large parts of the Americas.
d) the introduction of slavery to Spain and other parts of Europe
b) an exchange of people, foods, and germs between Europe and the Americas.
In your opinion who do you think should be given the honor of discovering the Americas, the Vikings or Christopher Columbus. Why do you feel this way? Explain your answer.
The Vikings because they found America several hundred years before that.
What were the names of three ships in which Columbus sailed?
Nina
Pinta
Santa Maria
The word renaissance refers to
the rebirth of the arts in Europe.
One important reason Italy was the birthplace of the European Renaissance was
Its placement and terrain and many talented people spread ideas fast.
Describe the Medici impact of Italy.
They were a wealthy European family in the 1400s. They had a banking business and ranked in the richest of Europe. Cosimo seized power of the Florence government in 1434 and and the family continued as uncrowned rulers for years. Lorenzo, his grandson, was a patron of the arts. He held Florence together in difficult items.
Who was the most important ruler during the Renaissance period? Give at least one contribution to society and/or the arts.
Henry VIII. He was responsible for establishing the Royal Navy which made England a secure nation. He was a humanist who contributed to the growth of the arts and education. He was a Protestant reformer, leading to the break from the corruption of the Catholic church.
The black death was one powerful factor that caused ordinary Europeans to question”
Question the power of God
Michelangelo excelled as a __________
Painter
True or False. The age of Exploration was driven in large part by the search for wealth.
True
True or False. The first country to launch large-scale voyages of exploration was Spain.
False
True or False. Slave labor declined in the Americas as a result of the Age of Exploration
False
True or False. An astrolabe was a light, fast sailing ship.
False
The astrolabe was New piece of technology that the Europeans first learned how to use from Muslims. The astrolabe allowed navigators to calculate their location based on the position of the sun and starts in relation to the horizon
True or False. Europeans had developed a taste for goods from Asia dating back to the Roman Empire and trade from the Silk Road.
True
True or False. Explorer Amerigo Vespucci concluded that the land discovered by Columbus was not part of Asia, but a new land.
True
True or False. The first areas settle by Spanish were in Mexico.
False
True or False. Colonies in the Americas were allowed to sell raw materials to countries other than the home country.
False
Which of the following best describes the food exchange between Europe and the Americas?
a) Europeans brought coffee, corn, and potatoes to the Americas, and took rice, wheat, and oranges to Europe.
b) Europeans brought wheat, sugar, and sheep to the Americas, and took corn, potatoes, and turkeys to Europe.
c) Europeans brought squash, peanuts, and tobacco to the Americas, and took sheep, turkeys, and pigs to Europe.
d) Europeans brought tomatoes, potatoes, and wheat to the Americas, and took horses, beans, and rubber to Europe.
b) Europeans brought wheat, sugar, and sheep to the Americas, and took corn, potatoes, and turkeys to Europe.
What was an effect of the Columbian Exchange?
a) Native American diseases destroyed European populations.
b) The exchange of foods and animals had a dramatic impact on later societies.
c) Llamas began to be used as beasts of burden
d) Triangular trade became less profitable.
b) The exchange of foods and animals had a dramatic impact on later societies.
Which of the following explorers is given the credit as the first to circumnavigate the world?
a) Magellan
b) Columbus
c) da Gama
d) Hudson
a) Magellan
How did the Renaissance contribute to the Age of Exploration?
a) by emphasizing the importance of converting people to Buddhism
b) by awakening a spirit of discovery and innovation in Europe.
c) by fostering a belief in the importance of working as a group
d) by persuading Europeans that the pursuit of wealth was all-important.
b) by awakening a spirit of discovery and innovation in Europe.
When did Charles I come to the throne?
a) 1625
b) 1629
c) 1649
a) 1625
What were England’s strict Protestants called?
a) Catholics
b) Arminian
c) Puritan
c) Puritan
Charles believed in the Divine Right of Kings. What does this mean?
a) The king had power over Parliament
b) The king was appointed by God
c) The king was as important as God
b) The king was appointed by God
What is the period when Charles ruled without Parliament called?
a) Parliamentary Privilege
b) Divine Right
c) The Eleven Years’ Tyranny
c) The Eleven Years’ Tyranny
In 1641, Parliament sent Charles a list of 204 complaints. What was his called?
a) Grand Remonstrance
b) Nineteen Propositions
c) Heads of the Proposals
a) Grand Remonstrance
When did Charles declare war on Parliament?
a) June 1642
b) July 1642
c) August 1642
a) June 1642
Which of these fought for the King?
a) Cavaliers
b) Covenanters
c) Roundheads
a) Cavaliers
What happened to Charles after the Second Civil War?
a) he went to deal with the Scots
b) He went to France with his wife
c) He was tried for treason and executed
c) He was tried for treason and executed
What was Cromwell’s tittle after he dismissed Parliament in 1653?
a) Protector
b) Major-General
a) Protector
What was the Great Fire of London?
A fire that burned down a lot of London in 1666
The restoration of the monarchy occurred in 1660 when who returned from exile in France?
Charles II of England
Why was James II forced to abdicate the throne?
Hr alienated himself from everyone escaping to France.
Who became the ruler after James II?
Charles II
What was the purpose of the English Bill of Rights which was passed in 1689?
1) To guarantee the citizen’s rights.
2) To reduce the power of the government’s compulsive actions
Who was John Locke?
was an English philosopher and physician who believed in private property (1632 – 1704)
Who was Isaac Newton?
He was an astronomer who invented calculus, and the law of universal gravitation.
He was knighted in 1705
When did the Glorious Revolution take place?
a) 1776
b) 1698
c) 1688
d) 1492
c) 1688
Who was the Leader of England at the time of the Glorious Revolution?
a) King James II
b) King William the Conqueror
c) King Henry VIII
a) King James II
What religion was King James II?
Roman Catholic
Why was King James’ religion a problem for the members of Parliament and the people of England?
a) They feared the Pope would come to England
b) They were afraid that he would want to make Catholicism the official religion.
c) They fear that Protestants in England would move to America,
d) they wanted to make the official religion of England Baptist
b) They were afraid that he would want to make Catholicism the official religion.
Before the Glorious Revolution, who did Parliament and the people of England hope would become the next monarch of England?
a) The people of England wanted James I’s cousin, Virginia to become a queen because she was honest and would protect the rights to the English.
b) William III, because he was an Anglican Protestant.
c) They hoped that James II’s daughter, Mary would become queen because she was a protestant
de) King George II
c) They hoped that James II’s daughter, Mary would become queen because she was a protestant
How was this hope dashed?
a) James II’s daughter died during childbirth
b) James II’s brother lead a revolution
c) James II’s wife gave birth to a son who became heir to the English throne.
d) all of the above
c) James II’s wife gave birth to a son who became heir to the English throne.
What did Parliament do after the birth of James’ son?
a) Designed a complex assassination plot to kill James and his son.
b) Summoned an army and stormed the Palace, overthrowing King James.
c) Offered the throne to James’ daughter, Mary, and her husband, William.
d) converted to Catholicism.
c) Offered the throne to James’ daughter, Mary, and her husband, William.
What did James II do when William of Orange invaded England?
a) Challenged William of Orange to a duel.
b) Led the English Army in to the Great Battle of the Glorious Revolution against William of Orange.
c) Fled to France.
d) Resigned as King, and retired in Spain
c) Fled to France.
What is meant by the term, “bloodless revolution” and how did it apply to the Glorious Revolution?
a) A bloodless revolution is one where only soldiers die, not civilians.
b) A bloodless revolution is a political upheaval in which the ruling class is removed from power by the common people, without bloodshed. This was accomplished by the London mob in the Glorious revolution.
c) A bloodless revolution is a transfer of power between rulers/governments without fighting or deaths. The Glorious Revolution saw the transfer of power from James II to William and Mary without any bloodshed.
d) People were killed so quickly, they did not bleed.
c) A bloodless revolution is a transfer of power between rulers/governments without fighting or deaths. The Glorious Revolution saw the transfer of power from James II to William and Mary without any bloodshed.
How did the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and its aftermath ensure that the English monarchy would thereafter be limited in power?
a) Parliament had the power to remove or crown monarchs. The monarch was now subject to rule of law.
b) The monarch became a figure head without any say in how the government is run.
c) The monarchy became an elected position.
d) The kings were just not good leads so the people turned to the Parliament.
a) Parliament had the power to remove or crown monarchs. The monarch was now subject to rule of law.
