Historical figures Flashcards
od Natalii
Cassivellaunus
First Breton known by name
Boudicca
Queen of the Iceni tribe, led a revolt against Romans in 60-61 AD, destroyed Camulodunum, Londinium and Verulamium
Calgacus
Leader of Caledonians
Honorius
Broke connection with Britain in 410 AD
At Alban
Proto-martyr (hid a Christian against Roman oppression)
-Verulamium->St. Albans
St David
Patron od Wales, established monastic rule in Wales
St Patrick
Patron of Ireland, converted Ireland in 432 AD
St Mungo
Founder of Glasgow
St Brigid
Female patron of Ireland
St Augustine
Founded the Archbishopric in Canterbury (601 AD)
King Oswiu
Called the Synod of Whitby in 664 AD
Venerable Bede
The Church History of The English People (731 AD)
Vortigern
Self-declared Overlord of all Britain, invited Judes to help him against the Picts -449 AD
Hengest and Horsa
Jutes, helped with Pictish raids, stayed & Beginning of Anglo-Saxons -449 AD
Ambriosius Aurelianus
United Western Britons, Battle of Mount Badon (500/515 AD) -stopped Anglo-Saxon invasions for some decades
King Egbert of Essex
The last overlord (Bretwalda)
Alfred the Great 871-901 AD
King of Wessex, school, monasteries, standing fleet, DANELAW,
Treaty of Wedmore (878 AD)
Anglo Saxon Chronicles (891-1154 AD)
Edward the Elder
Invasion of the Danelaw, gradual re-conquest of England
Athlestan 924-929 AD
first true king of England, unified
Battle of Brunanburgh -937 AD
Ethelred the Unready
Renewed Danish raids (Battle of Maldon -991 AD), Danegeld, masacre of Danes
Canute the Great 1016-1035 AD
wise and peaceful, reforms, four Earldoms
St. Edward the Confessor
son of Ethelred, castles, Norman influences, only CANONISED king
Harold Godwinson
Earl of Wessex, pretender for the throne, killed int he battle of Hastings (1066)
Harald Hardrada
King of Norway, pretender for the English throne, lost the battle of Stamford Bridge
William the Bastard/Conqueror (1066-1087 AD)
Duke of Normandy, blessed by Pop,e won the battle of Hastings (1066),”Norman Yoke”, feudalism, Domesday Book (1086 AD)
William II Rufus (1087-1100)
in conflict with church & barons, division of Wales (Marcia Walliae, Wallia Pura)
Stephen of Blois
The last Norman ruler
Henry II (1154-1189)
First Plantagenet, , father of the common law, Constitutions of Clarendon (11644) -clerks judged by bishops, but punished by the royal court
Pope Adrian IV
First and only English pope in history
Thomas Becket
archbishop of Canterbury, resists the Constitutions of Clarendon (1164), murdered
Richard I Lionheart (1189-1199)
took the throne from Henry II, Third Crusade, imprisoned in Austria & ransomed
John the Lackland (1199-1216)
taxes, lost Normandy in 1204, conflict with the Pope, Magna Carta (1215), Fist Baron’s War (1215-1217)
Henry III (1216-1272)
barons grow in significance, textile industry, salt & coal,
Second Barons’ War (1264-1267)
Simon de Montford
Led the Second Barons’ War (1264-67), Parliament -1265 AD
Edward I (1272-1307)
Greatest Plantegenet, founder of the English parliamentary system, wars agains Wales & Scotland, Stature of Rhuddlan (1284). Model Parliament (1295), Auld Alliance 1294
Edward II
First (English) Prince of Wales
Sir William Wallace (Braveheart)
1297-1305
Battle of Stirling Bridge, Battle of Falkirk
Robert the Bruce
Crowned king of Scotland in 1306, reconquered north of Scotland
Edward III (1327-1377)
Age of chivalry, English as an official language, House of Commons & House of Lords, Beginning of the Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453), Black Death (1348)
Richard II
(1377-1399)
Great Revolt of Peasants in 1318
Henry IV (1399-113)
Revolt against Owain Glyndwr (1400-1415)
