Histopathology: Vascular and Cardiac pathology (Just Vascular)

Question 1

The intima is expanded by a plaque composed of a lipid-rich core with overlying fibrous tissue. What is this condition?

Answer 1

Atherosclerosis

Question 2

Tachycardia. Decreased urine output. Hypotension. Can be caused by pump failure (eg MI), or peripheral circulation failure (eg hypovolaemia, sepsis, anaphylaxis, tension pneumothorax, PE). What is this condition?

Answer 2

Shock

///////////////////////

aka cardiogenic shock if heart problems are causing

caused by all the big dog emergencies: MI, sepsis, anaphylaxis, PE, tension pneumothorax, etc.

Question 3

Hypertension definition?

Answer 3

>140/90 mmHg

////////////////////////

Broken up into 3 stages

Question 4

Calf or thigh pain brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. Family history of CVD. Most likely diagnosis?

Answer 4

Chronic lower limb ischaemia

Question 5

Presentation, sudden onset of pain and loss of sensation in lower limb. On examination, the limb is pale and cold with reduced or absent pulses. Most likely diagnosis?

Answer 5

Acute Lower limb ischaemia

Question 6

Acute severe ‘tearing’ chest pain. Shock. No history of CVD. Most likely diagnosis?

Answer 6

Aortic dissection

///////////////////////

“Tearing”

Question 7

Proteolytic enzymes weaken the media of the aorta. Increased levels of matric metalloproteinases have been found. These enzymes are known to degrade elastin. Asymptomatic but can cause abdomial or back pain. What condition is this?

Answer 7

AAA

Question 8

Warm, red, painful swollen lower limb. Sudden onset. Relating to stasis of blood. What is this condition?

Answer 8

Deep vein thrombosis