Histology S1

Question 1

What does a good blood smear look like?

Answer 1

Monolayer

RBC display normal more pale centres

Question 2

What are some histological features of lymphocytes?

Answer 2

Very large darkly stained (purple) nuclei
Almost no cytoplasm
6-15uM in diameter

Question 3

What are some histological features of monocytes?

Answer 3

Single nuclei –> sometimes horseshoe shaped

Large cytoplasm with pale granules

Question 4

What is the name for a bone marrow tissue biopsy?

Answer 4

Bone marrow trephine

Question 5

What are the small canals called in bone marrow and what are they made from?

Answer 5

Sinusoids

Made from endothelial cells

Question 6

What do adipocytes look like in bone marrow?

Answer 6

Yellow marrow –> increase with age

Question 7

What are the zones for RBC production in bone marrow?

Answer 7

Erythroblastic islets

Question 8

What are some histological features of a neutrophil?

Answer 8

Multilobed nucleus (2-5 lobes)
Granular cytoplasm

Question 9

What are some histological features of eosinophils?

Answer 9

Bi-lobed nucleus
Highly granular
Dark pink cytoplasm

Question 10

What are some histological features of Basophils?

Answer 10

Bi-lobed
Nucleus obscured by cytoplasm
Highly granular dark purple/blue cytoplasm

Question 11

What do platelets look like histologically?

Answer 11

Round/oval
Darkly stained –> often clumped
Very small (little specs)

Question 12

Where can Hassall’s corpuscles be found?

Answer 12

Thymus –> look like a large glob (not purple stained like other surrounding cells

Question 13

What are the layers of the thymus?

Answer 13

Capsule
Outer cortex
Middle cortex
Medulla

Question 14

What does the spleen look like histologically?

Answer 14

Very dense

Question 15

What does white pulp and red pulp look like in the spleen?

Answer 15

White pulp –> area around small paler with blue rings looking circles embedded in the tissue
Red pulp –> other tissue in spleen

Question 16

What is the role of white pulp in the spleen?

Answer 16

Contains B and T lymphocytes and can send them into the red pulp

Question 17

What is the three main layers of the lymph nodes and what do they look like?

Answer 17

Capsule –> thin
Cortex –> dark purple tissue
Medulla –> whiter colour

Question 18

How does infant thymus compare to adult thymus?

Answer 18

Infant –> highly organised looking not much adipose

Adult –> lots of adipose not very organised

Question 19

What does a lymph node follicle look like with H&E stain?

Answer 19

Round circle full of cells (darker edges)

Surrounded by other cells

Question 20

What does a lymph node follicle look like with a B cell marker vs a T cell marker?

Answer 20

B cell –> mainly in the circle

T cell –> surrounding the circle

Question 21

What is MALT or GALT?

Answer 21

MALT –> Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (gastro, resp, genital)
GALT –> Gut associated lymphoid tissue

Question 22

What is the largest section of lymphoid tissue in the gut?

Answer 22

Payer’s patches in the mucosa of the ilium

looks like a large lump of dark purple cells (huge)

Question 23

What is a synarthroses?

Answer 23

A joint with little or no movement eg adult skull bone

Question 24

What is a Diarthroses?

Answer 24

Joint that permits free bone movement (2 bones held in place by a joint capsule with synovial fluid etc)

Question 25

What does hyaline cartilage look like?

Answer 25

Bubbles in jelly

Question 26

What does fibrocartilage look like?

Answer 26

Alternating layers of hyaline cartilage with thick layers of dense collagen In areas --> intervertebral discs, and the pubic symphysis Kind of looks a little like smooth muscles but closer together

Question 27

What does elastic cartilage look like?

Answer 27

Really dense near chondrocytes --> can be stained in black | In areas like external ear, epiglottis etc

Question 28

What does active vs inactive cartilage look like?

Answer 28

Inactive --> smooth border between white and pink | Active --> not smooth --> more cellular at border

Question 29

What does cervical spinal transections look like?

Answer 29

Large Dorsal and ventral horns look like a butterfly being pulled apart Oval

Question 30

What does the thoracic spine transection look like?

Answer 30

Small looking dorsal and ventral horns | Circular

Question 31

What does the lumbar spine transection look like?

Answer 31

Rectangular looking ventral horns | Circular

Question 32

What does the sacral spine transection look like?

Answer 32

Very large dorsal and ventral horn (very much like a butterfly) Lots of external cells and dots Very small and circular

Question 33

What does the cerebellum look like histologically?

Answer 33

Like seaweed

Question 34

What are the axons that are an output for the cerebellum?

Answer 34

Purkinje cells

Question 35

What are the layers of the cerebellum?

Answer 35

Molecular layer Granular cell layer Purkinje layer

Question 36

What do astrocytes look like histologically?

Answer 36

Highly branched little starfish