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JMP Y2S1 > Anatomy S1 > Flashcards

Anatomy S1 Flashcards

1
Q

Skull bones + foramina WEEK 37

A

YAY FUN

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2
Q

What is the skull bone where the forehead and a little further back is?

A

Frontal bone

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3
Q

What is the bone posterior to the frontal bone?

A

Parietal bone

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4
Q

What is the large circular bone on both sides of the head?

A

Temporal bone

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5
Q

What is the small bone anterior to the temporal bone and posterior to the eyes?

A

Sphenoid bone

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6
Q

What is the large rounded triangular proccess inferior to the temporal bone?

A

Mastoid bone

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7
Q

What is the hole next to the mastoid bone and the temporal bone?

A

External acoustic meatus

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8
Q

Where can the sphenoid bone be visualised looking face on with a skull?

A

in the eye cavity

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9
Q

Where is the nasal bone on a face on skull?

A

on the top of the nose

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10
Q

Where is the mandible

A

lower jaw bone

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11
Q

Where is the maxilla?

A

Upper jaw bone

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12
Q

Where is the zygomat?

A

Cheek bone

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13
Q

Where is the ethmoid bone located in a front facing skull?

A

Kind of upper nose at the back (given the nose is just a big hole)

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14
Q

What is the nmeumonic for bony foramina?

A

Children –> cribriform plate

Of –> Optic Canal

Slovakia –> Superior Orbital Fissure

Release –> Foramen Rotundum

Odourless –> Foramen Ovale

Shit –> Foramen Spinosum

Constantly –> Carotid Canal

In –> Internal acoustic meatus

John –> Jugular Foramen

Hunter –> Hypoglossal Canal

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15
Q

What bone is the cribriform plate?

A

Ethmoid bone

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16
Q

What is a general way to remember what things runs through the bony foramina?

A

Generally count up

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17
Q

Where is the hypoglossal canal located?

A

Immediately next to the foramen magnum (on both sides)

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18
Q

What runs through the hypoglossal canal?

A

CN12

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19
Q

Where is the cribiform plate in terms of skull foramina and what does it look like?

A

Most anterior (Children) –> looks like bubbly bone in the area of the nose (medial)

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20
Q

What is the second bony foramina?

A

Optical canal

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21
Q

Where is the optical canal and what runs through it?

A

It is located medially at the base of the two claw looking structures
CN2 –> optic nerve runs through

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22
Q

Where is the superior orbital fissure located?

A

At the base of the class structures but not an visible hole

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23
Q

What runs through the superior orbital fissue?

A

3,4,V(1)

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24
Q

Where is the foramen rotundum?

A

just lateral and behind the claw structure –> small hole

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25
Q

What runs through the foramen rotundum?

A

V(2)

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26
Q

Where is the foramen ovale located?

A

Obvious oval hole just near foramen rotundum (slightly lateral and posterior)

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27
Q

What runs through the foramen ovale?

A

V(3)

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28
Q

Where is foramen spinosum?

A

lateral dark hole from obvious ovale

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29
Q

What runs through spinosum?

A

MMA and meningeal V3

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30
Q

Where is the carotid canal?

A

just posterior from ovale –> not super obvious looks like a bone ledge

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31
Q

What runs through the carotid canal?

A

ICA –> inner carotid artery

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32
Q

Where is the internal aucoustic meatus?

A

Big obvious hole posterior from the carotid canal

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33
Q

What runs through the internal aousitic meatus?

A

CN 7 and CN 8 –> facial and vestibular nerves

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34
Q

Where is the jugular foramen?

A

lateral of the hypoglossal foramen
under the internal acoustic meatus
obvious hole

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35
Q

What are the two layers of the dura mater?

A

periosteal –> outer

meningeal –> inner

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36
Q

What is the difference between the periosteal and meningeal dura layers?

A

periosteal –> around the bone (has no folds)

Meningeal –> (has folds)

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37
Q

What connects the ventricle system to the sub arachnoid space?

A

Median and Lateral apertures

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38
Q

What does the ICA branch off?

A

ICA (internal carotid artery) –> branches from common carotid (around C4)

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39
Q

What does the VA branch off?

A

VA (ventral artery)–> –> first branch off subclavian

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40
Q

SPINE ANATOMY AND BRAINSTEM

A

YAYAYAYAYAYAYAYAYAYAYA

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41
Q

What is the Globus pallietus and the putamen?

A

Lentiform nucleus

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42
Q

What is the dorsal striatum made from?

A

Caudate and Putamen

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43
Q

What is the structure very close to the lateral ventricles in a coronal brain slice?

A

Caudate

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44
Q

Where is the thalamus?

A

Structure very close to the 3rd ventricle (either side of) –> thalamus just above the midbrain

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45
Q

What is the structure that has some connections to the caudate?

A

Putamen

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46
Q

What is the tract (white) between the caudate and the putamen?

A

Internal capsule

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47
Q

Where does a lacunar stroke happen?

A

Could be in the small capillaries of the internal capsule

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48
Q

What is the symptoms of lacunar strokes normally?

A

Mostly motor only (pure motor) –> but can have some sensory symptoms

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49
Q

Where is the Globus paletius?

A

It is the 2 smaller segments of ice-cream than the putamen –> having 2 separate names for each (external and internal)

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50
Q

What is the cerebral hemispheres classified as?

A

Telencephalon

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51
Q

What is contained in the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus (di = 2 = 2 2 things)

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52
Q

What is the top part of the midbrain?

A

Mesencephalon

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53
Q

Where is the Metencephalon?

A

Middle of the midbrain

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54
Q

What is the name for the medulla (bottom of the midbrain)?

A

Myelencephalon

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55
Q

What is the way to remember Mesencephalon, Metencephalon, Myelencephalon?

A

They are in alphabetical order going down the midbrain

56
Q

Where is the temp control section?

A

Little bit up from the top of the midbrain –> thalamus appetite, temp, hormones

57
Q

What is the lateral nerves of the upper pons? (punches through)?

A

Trigeminal (V)

58
Q

What is the cranial nerve on the dorsal brain stem (near the caliculi (small bumps))?

A

Trochlear

59
Q

What is the calliculi important for?

A

Auditory and sight

60
Q

Where does the tectospinal tract start?

A

Calciuli (upper brainstem)

61
Q

Where are the medullary pyramids?

A

2 tracts leading down from the frontal lumps of the pons

62
Q

What is the tracts at the back (dorsal) of the brainstem (under the pons)?

A

Cuneatus (lateral)

Gracilus (medial)

63
Q

What is the lateral part of the midbrain slice?

A

Cerebral peduncles

64
Q

What is the tracts within the cerebral peduncles?

A

Corticospinal and corticobulbar etc

65
Q

What is the darker looking area just medial of the cerebral peduncles?

A

Substantia nigra

66
Q

What is the small hole in the midbrain slice?

A

Cerebral aqueduct

67
Q

Where is the 4th ventricle?

A

more near the pons level to the cerrebellum (much larger hole than the cerebral aqueduct)

68
Q

What does the pons feed into?

A

Cerebellar peduncles

69
Q

What is the hole in the medulla structure?

A

Rhomboid fossa (with 2 small choroid plexus structures)

70
Q

Where do spinous process extend from?

A

Medial aspect of vertebrae

71
Q

Where do transverse processes extend from?

A

Lateral aspects of vertebrae

72
Q

Where is the vertebral body?

A

Next to the vertebral foramen –> the meaty bony part of the vertebrae (solid disk)

73
Q

What are key features of cervical vertebrae?

A

Bifid spinous process (spinous process is extending from medial)

Transverse foramina (holes on the lateral sides)

Large central vertebral foramen

74
Q

What artery through transverse foramen?

A

vertebral artery

75
Q

What is atlas?

A

C1

76
Q

What is C2?

A

Axis

77
Q

What is C7?

A

Vertebrae prominens (as you can feel it running fingers down the neck)

78
Q

Key features of thoracic vertebrae?

A

Downwards sloping spinous process

Well developed transverse process (for rib connection)

Demi facets –> for ribs (rib joints between 2 vertebrae)

Heart shaped vertebral body

79
Q

Defining features of lumbar vertebrae?

A

Thick body
Stubby processes
Well developed articular facets

80
Q

What do articular facets prevent?

A

Rotation

81
Q

Where does the sympathetic trunk comes from?

A

T1-L2 –> can extend above and below but exit the spinal cord at T1-L2

82
Q

Where is conus medullaris?

A

L2

83
Q

What extends under the conus medullaris?

A

Corda equina

84
Q

Where do the meninges end?

A

Pial ends a bit early near the conus medularis

Dural filum terminali extends further to the coccyx to help anchor

85
Q

What level do we do lumbar puncture?

A

L3-L4 normally

86
Q

Why is lumbar puncture done at L3-L4?

A

To avoid hitting the conus medullaris

87
Q

What are denticulate ligaments?

A

Between nerve roots –> pia mater thickens to form them –> they extend to attach to the dura –> to suspend and support the spinal cord

88
Q

What are the pyramidal tracts?

A

Corticospinal

Corticobulbar

89
Q

Where do the pyramidal tracts decussate?

A

Medullary pyramids

90
Q

Where do pyramidal tract lesions give ipsilateral deficits?

A

Below decussation –> below medullary pyramids

91
Q

What side does a spinothalamic tract ascend?

A

Contralateral –> it decussates when entering the spinal cord then travels upwards

92
Q

What side does the dorsal column ascend?

A

Ascends in the ipsilateral –> then decussates in the medulla

93
Q

What is brown Sequard’s syndrome?

A

Hemisection of the spinal cord:
Ipsilateral –> motor and dorsal loss
Contralateral –> spinothalamic

94
Q

Where is the sensory first order neuron always?

A

Dorsal root ganglion

95
Q

FROM OLD ANATOMY/HISTOLOGY FORMATIVE:

A

yayayayayayyaa

96
Q

what pathology has a reasonable common pathology on the optic chiasm?

A

Pituitary adenoma

97
Q

What are platelets produced by?

A

megakaryocytes

98
Q

What do megakaryocytes look like?

A

large multinucleated

99
Q

What nerve runs down the middle of the humerus?

A

radial nerve

100
Q

What movements does the radial nerve do?

A

extension of elbow and extension of wrist

101
Q

What does extension of wrist look like?

A

wrist fold back on forearm –> as if revving a motorbike

102
Q

What level does the conus medularis end?

A

L2

103
Q

What is the conus medularis

A

end of the spinal cord

104
Q

What continues from the conus medularis

A

cauda equina

105
Q

What is the role of the ACL

A

Anterior-posterior stability –> stops movement posteriorly

106
Q

What is the role of the PCL?

A

Posterior-anterior stability –> stops movement anteriorly

107
Q

What deficits would you expect in a right sided T12 lesion

A

Right proprioception, vibration, motor

Left pain and temperature

108
Q

What kind of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Synovial

109
Q

What is the identifying features of a thoracic vertebrae?

A

Downwards sloping spinous process

Well developed transverse process (for rib connection)

Demi facets –> for ribs (rib joints between 2 vertebrae)

Heart shaped vertebral body

110
Q

What nerve arrises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Musculocutaneous (1st M in marmu)

111
Q

What are the cortical layers of the cerebellum

A

Granular
Purkinje
Molecular

112
Q

What nerve innervates the larynx?

A

Recurrent laryngeal

113
Q

What is the most common WBC?

A

Neutrophil

114
Q

What is in the lateral ventricles?

A

Choroid plexus –> produces CSF

115
Q

Within hyaline cartilage are blasts or cytes more common closer to compacted cells?

A

Blasts

116
Q

What is a pancoast tumour?

A

a lung tumour that may invade the brachial plexus?

117
Q

What is the most likely result of a pancoast tumour?

A

insensate limb

118
Q

What area is brocas area? and what is its purpose?

A

posterior frontal lobe (kind of in the middle)

–> motor control of speech

119
Q

In bone marrow what are the large white regions

A

adipocytes

120
Q

what do astrocytes look like?

A

black spindly spiders

121
Q

if a person has a right sided cerebellar lesion –> what side would the deficit be on?

A

same side –> ipsilateral –> not like motor which is contralateral.

122
Q

will a cerebellar lesion give dysdiachokinesia or resting tremor?

A

ipsilateral dysdiachokinesia

123
Q

What artery passes through the tarsal tunnel?

A

posterior tibial

124
Q

What does a haversian canal look like?

A

Looks like woody bark surrounding a dark hole

125
Q

What is some features of a basophil (histology)

A

bilobed nucleus is obscured by cytoplasm

Highly granular (dark purple cytoplasm) (just looks fully granular)

126
Q

What action does the nerve that runs through the hypoglossal canal enable?

A

poke out tongue

127
Q

What is the facial sensation regions of V1 (opthalamic)

A

front of nose up to medial forehead and dorsal skull

128
Q

What is the facial sensation regions of V2

A

upper lip and cheek

129
Q

What is the facial sensation regions of V3

A

lower jaw and up to the anterior ear (and up a bit more than that)

130
Q

What is the role of the thalamus for information processing?

A

Relay sensory information from contralateral side of cortex

131
Q

What is the muscle that protracts the scapula

A

Serratus anterior

132
Q

If someone had a lesion on their right visual cortex what side would their symptoms be?

A

Left side

133
Q

what do sickle cells look like?

A

long streaky RBCs

134
Q

What nerve passes through the carpal tunnel?

A

Median nerve

135
Q

What kind of joint is the pubic symphysis?

A

Secondary cartilaginous

JMP Y2S1 (24 decks)

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