Histology Of The Endocrine System

Question 1

Name 3 components of the anterior pituitary

Answer 1

Pars distalis
Pars intermedia
Pars tuberalis

Question 2

Name three components of the posterior pituitary.

Answer 2

Pars nervosa/ neural lobe/ infundibular processes
Infundibular stem/ pituitary stalk
Infundibulum

Question 3

Give 5 types of endocrine cells and an example for each

Answer 3

1. Somatotrophs- Growth hormone
2. Lactotrophs- Prolactin
3. Corticotrophs- Adrenocorticotrophic hormone
4. Thyrotrophs- Thyroid-stimulating hormone
5. Gonadotrophs- Follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 4

Describe the structure of somatotrophs

Answer 4

Large, ovoid, polygonal

Question 5

Describe the structure of gonadotrophs

Answer 5

Scattered like single cells, groups

Question 6

Describe the structure of corticotrophs

Answer 6

Large polygonal, unstained perinuclear vacuole, cluster

Question 7

Describe the structure of lactotrophs

Answer 7

Some rounded, polygonal

Question 8

Name two hormones that the neurohypophysis secrete

Answer 8

Oxytocin and vasopressin

Question 9

Name two hormones secreted by the thyroid gland

Answer 9

Thyroxine and calcitonin

Question 10

What is the storage form of thyroxin

Answer 10

Thyroglobulin

Question 11

What is the function of calcitonin

Answer 11

Inhibits Ca2+ resorption from bones, lowering blood calcium levels.

Question 12

Name the hormone secreted by parathyroid and its function(3)

Answer 12

Parathormone, it increases the concentration of calcium in blood, it stimulates osteoclasts to erode bone, mobilizing calcium stored in bone.

Question 13

Name 3 main cell types of parathyroid

Answer 13

Chief cells(active endocrine cells), adipocytes, oxyphil

Question 14

Describe the structure of chief cells and oxyphil cells

Answer 14

Chief cells- spherical, small dark central nuclei
Oxyphil cells- larger, abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm

Question 15

Where are the adrenal glands located

Answer 15

On the upper poles of the kidneys

Question 16

Name 2 endocrine systems combined by the adrenal glands as well as the hormones they secrete

Answer 16

Adrenal cortex- steroid hormones.
Adrenal medulla- adrenaline and noradrenaline

Question 17

Name three zones of the adrenal cortex

Answer 17

Zona glomerulosa
Zona fasciculata
Zona reticularis

Question 18

What functions occurs in the zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata

Answer 18

Zona glomerulosa- synthesize and secretes mineralocorticoids.
Zona fasciculata- secretes cortisol and corticosterone.

Question 19

Name 3 forms of the neuroendocrine component of the pancreas

Answer 19

Islets of langerhans
Isolated nests or clumps of neuroendocrine cells
Single cells

Question 20

Name the structure that separates the islets of langerhans from exocrine in the pancreas

Answer 20

Fibrocollagenous capsule

Question 21

Four main cell types of the pancreas

Answer 21

Insulin and amylin-secreting:-beta cells
Glucagon-secreting:-alpha cells
Somatostatin-secreting:-delta cells/ type 3 cells
Pancreatic polypeptide-secreting:-PP/F cells

Question 22

True or false
Glugacon-secreting cells have a large secretory vesicle

Answer 22

False, it is somatostatin ones that have a larger one, glucagon secreting have smaller.

Question 23

What supplies (blood) the exocrine component of the pancreas

Answer 23

The network of capillaries in the islets merge with the arterioles outside the islets and supply the exocrine component.

Question 24

Function of the testosterone

Answer 24

Important for successful functioning of the male reproductive system

Question 25

What type of cells secrete testosterone

Answer 25

Leydig cells, under the influence of LH.

Question 26

What type of protein does sertoli cells produce in the male reproductive system

Answer 26

Androgen-binding proteins

Question 27

Function of ovaries

Answer 27

Produce steroid hormones, estradiol and progesterone.