Autonomic Nervous System (pharmacology) Flashcards
What are the processes that the ANS regulate?
-Respiration
-Digestion
-Sweating
-Metabolism
-Temperature
-Circulation
-Some endocrine secretion
Hardware requirements of the ANS (7)
-Neurons
-Ganglia
-Synapses
-Neurotransmitters
-Receptors
-End organ effect
-Termination of effect
What are the termination of neurotransmitters processes? (4)
-Diffusion
-Re-uptake into the pre-synaptic neuron.
-Auto-inhibition
-Inactivation by enzymes
What are the effects of alpha-1 receptor?
-Vasoconstriction
-Pupil dilation
-Bladder neck sphincter contraction
What are the agonists for alpha-1 receptor?
Phenylephidrine and oxymetazoline
When can we administer the alpha-1 agonists?
For eye examination (cause pupil dilation)
Hypotension (causes vasoconstriction, high BP)
What is an alpha-1 antagonist?
Prazosin
What effects does the beta-1 receptor have?
Increases heart rate and force of contraction.
What is the beta-1 agonist?
Dobutamine
What are the beta-1 antagonists?
Atenolol (selective)
Propanolol (non-selective)
In which case do we administer the alpha-1 antagonist?
Hypertension ( causes vasodilation, lower BP)
Benign prostate hypertrophy ( relaxes bladder neck)
Glaucoma (causes pupil constriction)
In which case can we administer the beta-1 agonists?
In cardiac arrest (increases rate and force)
In which case can we use the beta-1 antagonists?
Hypertension
What effects does the beta-2 receptor cause?
-Bronchodilation
-Uterus fundus relaxation
What are the beta-2 agonists?
Salbutamol
Hexoprenaline
Salmeterol
Terbutaline
In which cases can we administer the beta-2 agonists?
During asthma (bronchodilation)
To prevent premature labour (uterus fundus relaxation)
What is the beta-2 antagonist?
Propranolol
What effect does beta-3 have?
Fat lipolysis
How can we inhibit the reuptake of neurotransmitters?
Using cocaine , tricyclic antidepressants.
What is the agonist of NA that acts on the alpha-2 receptor (auto inhibition)?
Clonidine
What are the antagonists of the alpha-2 receptor?
Phenoxybenzamine
Phentolamine
Mianserin
How can we increase NA levels in the synapse?
MAO inhibitors
Alpha-2 receptor antagonists
Reuptake inhibitors
COMT inhibitors
What is the agonist for a nicotinic receptor?
Nicotine
What is the antagonist of nicotinic receptor?
Hexamethonium
What effects does the M2 receptor have?
Decreases the heart rate and contractility of atria
What is an agonist for M2 receptor?
Pilocarpine
What is an antagonist for M2 receptor?
Atropine
What effects does the M3 receptor have on the eyes?
Pupil constriction
Ciliary muscle contraction
What effects does the M3 receptor has on the abdominal wall?
Bladder contraction
Increases peristalsis
Causes bronchoconstriction
What is the M3 antagonist used for asthma and why?
Ipratroprium, it causes bronchodilation.
What else does the M3 receptor do with regards to secretions?
Increases:
-Sweating
-Lacrimation
-Broncho secretions
- Salivation
- Bile secretion
What are the antagonists of acetylcholinesterase?
Neostigmine
Physostigmine
Organophosphates
Donepezil
Pyridostigmine
