Histology Lecture Flashcards

Strictly vocab and lecture material, Thought questions are on physical cards

1
Q

Histogenesis

A

Formation and development of tissues

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2
Q

Epithelial tissue (3)

A

1)Sheet of cells closely aggregated together and tightly adhered to each other.
2)Commonly found on: surfaces of body and organs, lining of of body cavities, tubes, and ducts.
3)Forms boundary between the body’s internal external environments.

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3
Q

Epithelial tissue functions

A

Functions: protection, absorption, secretion

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4
Q

Qualities of epithelial tissue

A

Separated from underlying tissue by basal lamina (thin sheet of collagen and glycoproteins) formed by ET and underlying fibroblasts
Avascular
No Nervous tissue

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5
Q

Simple/Stratified

A

Single layer vs. More than one layer

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6
Q

Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar (4)

A

Examples of epithelial tissue
Flat cells,
Cubic cells with central nuclei,
Long cells with nuclei near basal lamina.

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7
Q

Muscular tissue (3)

A

Most abundant tissue type in most animals
Specialized for contraction
Muscle cells can be called muscle fibers

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8
Q

Smooth muscle qualities (5)

A

No striations
Unbranched
1 nucleus/cell
involuntary (contracts w/o conscious control)
Central nucleus

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9
Q

Skeletal muscle (5)

A

Striated
Multinucleate
Unbranched
Voluntary (under conscious control)
Nuclei is on outer surface of cell as opposed to central

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10
Q

Cardiac Muscle (6)

A

Only in vertebrate hearts
Striated
Branched
1-2 nuclei/cell
Nucleus is central
Involuntary

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11
Q

Connective tissues (3)

A

Widespread, diverse in form and function
Characterized by cells widely separated from eachother
Cells inhabit a self-produced matrix made up of two components : ground substance and fibers

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12
Q

Ground substance (2)

A

Liquid, gel, gum or solid
Composed of water, salts, and other low molecular wt. substances (esp proteins + carbohydrates)

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13
Q

Fibers (3)

A

Secreted by fibroblasts
Non-elastic - composed of collagen protein (rigid)
Elastic - Composed of elastin protein (stretchy)

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14
Q

Loose CT (areolar) Characteristics (5)

A

Relatively cell-rich
Cells include: fibroblasts, macrophages
Two types of fibers: elastic and collagenous
Fibers loosely organized
Ground substance is viscous

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15
Q

Loose CT functions (4)

A

Attaches skin to underlying tissues,
fills space between organs,
holds organs in place,
cushions and protects organs

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16
Q

Dense CT (5)

A

Relatively fewer cells
Fibers are abundant and tightly packed
Little ground substance is present
Characteristic of : tendons, ligaments
Collagenous fibers mostly

17
Q

Adipose CT (4)

A

Specialized form of loose CT
Adipose cells are characterized by a large internal fat droplet with a nucleus on the perimeter of the cell
When adipose cells accumulate they form adipose CT, but they can be individual
Very cellular, little matrix, few fibers

18
Q

Adipose CT functions (3)

A

Fat storage
Cushions internal organs
forms an insulating layer under the skin

19
Q

Cartilage CT (3)

A

Chondrocytes in Lacunae
Rigid matrix - firm gel that contains fibers and other substances
Semi-rigid, somewhat pliable, strong

20
Q

Cartilage CT function

A

Component of some elements of the vertebrate skeleton and is utilized in maturation process to adulthood

21
Q

Bone CT (3)

A

Osteocytes in lucanae
Calcified extracellular matrix (calcium salts organized around collagen)
Central canal where blood vessels lie

22
Q

Bone CT functions (3)

A

Internal support
Provides site of attachment of tendons and muscles
Protection for vital organs

23
Q

Blood CT Functions (6)

A

Transport of gases,
nutrients,
nitrogenous wastes,
hormones,
heat
Immunity

24
Q

Platelets vs Thrombocytes

A

Platelets in humans, thrombocytes in other species form clotting factors for cuts

25
Nervous Tissue CT (3)
2 basic cell types : Neurons and Neuroglia Neurons - functional unit of nervous system, some receive stimuli, some conduct nerve impulses Neuroglia - many types and functions
26
Left and right halves of body are...
Mirror images
27
Whole mount
Entire specimen placed on slide
28
Transverse plane
Perpendicular to long axis of the body, a cross section
29
Frontal plane
Parallel to the longitudinal axis, divides the body into ventral and dorsal portions
30
Sagittal plane
A vertical plane through the longitudinal axis, divides the body into left and right portions
31
What is a platelet?
A cell fragment