Histology Lecture Flashcards
Strictly vocab and lecture material, Thought questions are on physical cards
Histogenesis
Formation and development of tissues
Epithelial tissue (3)
1)Sheet of cells closely aggregated together and tightly adhered to each other.
2)Commonly found on: surfaces of body and organs, lining of of body cavities, tubes, and ducts.
3)Forms boundary between the body’s internal external environments.
Epithelial tissue functions
Functions: protection, absorption, secretion
Qualities of epithelial tissue
Separated from underlying tissue by basal lamina (thin sheet of collagen and glycoproteins) formed by ET and underlying fibroblasts
Avascular
No Nervous tissue
Simple/Stratified
Single layer vs. More than one layer
Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar (4)
Examples of epithelial tissue
Flat cells,
Cubic cells with central nuclei,
Long cells with nuclei near basal lamina.
Muscular tissue (3)
Most abundant tissue type in most animals
Specialized for contraction
Muscle cells can be called muscle fibers
Smooth muscle qualities (5)
No striations
Unbranched
1 nucleus/cell
involuntary (contracts w/o conscious control)
Central nucleus
Skeletal muscle (5)
Striated
Multinucleate
Unbranched
Voluntary (under conscious control)
Nuclei is on outer surface of cell as opposed to central
Cardiac Muscle (6)
Only in vertebrate hearts
Striated
Branched
1-2 nuclei/cell
Nucleus is central
Involuntary
Connective tissues (3)
Widespread, diverse in form and function
Characterized by cells widely separated from eachother
Cells inhabit a self-produced matrix made up of two components : ground substance and fibers
Ground substance (2)
Liquid, gel, gum or solid
Composed of water, salts, and other low molecular wt. substances (esp proteins + carbohydrates)
Fibers (3)
Secreted by fibroblasts
Non-elastic - composed of collagen protein (rigid)
Elastic - Composed of elastin protein (stretchy)
Loose CT (areolar) Characteristics (5)
Relatively cell-rich
Cells include: fibroblasts, macrophages
Two types of fibers: elastic and collagenous
Fibers loosely organized
Ground substance is viscous
Loose CT functions (4)
Attaches skin to underlying tissues,
fills space between organs,
holds organs in place,
cushions and protects organs
Dense CT (5)
Relatively fewer cells
Fibers are abundant and tightly packed
Little ground substance is present
Characteristic of : tendons, ligaments
Collagenous fibers mostly
Adipose CT (4)
Specialized form of loose CT
Adipose cells are characterized by a large internal fat droplet with a nucleus on the perimeter of the cell
When adipose cells accumulate they form adipose CT, but they can be individual
Very cellular, little matrix, few fibers
Adipose CT functions (3)
Fat storage
Cushions internal organs
forms an insulating layer under the skin
Cartilage CT (3)
Chondrocytes in Lacunae
Rigid matrix - firm gel that contains fibers and other substances
Semi-rigid, somewhat pliable, strong
Cartilage CT function
Component of some elements of the vertebrate skeleton and is utilized in maturation process to adulthood
Bone CT (3)
Osteocytes in lucanae
Calcified extracellular matrix (calcium salts organized around collagen)
Central canal where blood vessels lie
Bone CT functions (3)
Internal support
Provides site of attachment of tendons and muscles
Protection for vital organs
Blood CT Functions (6)
Transport of gases,
nutrients,
nitrogenous wastes,
hormones,
heat
Immunity
Platelets vs Thrombocytes
Platelets in humans, thrombocytes in other species form clotting factors for cuts
Nervous Tissue CT (3)
2 basic cell types : Neurons and Neuroglia
Neurons - functional unit of nervous system, some receive stimuli, some conduct nerve impulses
Neuroglia - many types and functions
Left and right halves of body are…
Mirror images
Whole mount
Entire specimen placed on slide
Transverse plane
Perpendicular to long axis of the body, a cross section
Frontal plane
Parallel to the longitudinal axis, divides the body into ventral and dorsal portions
Sagittal plane
A vertical plane through the longitudinal axis, divides the body into left and right portions
What is a platelet?
A cell fragment
