Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SD IV: Block 3 Week 1 > Histology Integument > Flashcards

Histology Integument Flashcards

1
Q

What type of epithelium can be found in the epidermis?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 2 layer of the dermis?

A
  1. papillary layer
  2. reticular layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the components of the papillary layer of the dermis?

A

small blood vessels, lymph & nerves
fine collagen and elastic fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the components of the reticular layer of the skin?

A

vasular plexus
lymph, nerves

compact collagen fibers and thick elastic fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List the layers of the epidermis from bottom to top?

A

S. basale (germinal)
S. spinosum (desmosomes)
S. granulosum (keratohyaline granules)
Stratum lucidium
S. corneum (squames)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the distinct cell types found in the epidermis?

A

1) Keratinocyte,
2) Melanocyte,
3) Langerhans cell,
4) Merkel cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Label the special cells in the image.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of cells are in the stratum basale? (cuboidal, squamous, or columnar?

A

cuboidal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which layer of the epidermis contains basophilic cells that synthesize keratin?

A

stratum basale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What layer of the epidermis are melanocytes and Merkel cells contained?

A

stratum basale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 2 main functions of keratinocytes?

A

to produce keratin and contain melanin

as a water barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How often do keratinocytes renew themselves?

A

every 15-30s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are desmosomes? Where are they located in the layers of the epidermis?

A

Desmosomes are a junction complex for cell anchorage

Stratum spinosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the term “spinosum” in stratum spinosum come from?

A

Because of the many FALSE cytoplasmic extensions (hence “spinosum”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where are Langerhans cells found in the epidermis?

A

In the stratum spinosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The “prickle cell layer” of the epidermis?

A

stratum spinosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the purpose of keratin filaments?

A

crucial for maintaining structural integrity stability, and continuity of the epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the keratin filaments of the keratinocytes cross linked bye?

A

filaggrin (keratohyalin granules)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Keratin filaments form large aggregates within the keratinocyte called what?

A

tonofilaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What substance are the keratohyaline granules (filaggrin) rich in?

A

sulfated amino acids (cysteine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are keratosomes? What layer of the epidermis are they in?

A

Membranous lamellar bodies/vesicles/ granules

Found in the S. granulosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Are keratohyalin granules eosinophilic or basophilic?

A

basophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Another name for keratosomes?

A

Olland bodies?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the purpose of keratosomes?

A

Act as a waterproofing cement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does the stratum granulosum consist of?

A

glycophospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What areas of the body is the stratum lucidum more prominent in?

A

thick skin only (palms and soles only)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The cells of the S. lucidum are described as flattened cells with desmosomes. Do these flattened cells contain a nucleus?

A

They are non-nucleated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

T/F. The stratum corneum contains layers of living cells?

A

False; dead and dying cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

About how many layers thick is the stratum corneum in thick skin? Thin skin?

A

15-20 layers thick
3-5 layers in thin skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Understand this slide.

A

Understand slide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are hemidesmosomes? What do they do?

A

stud-like structures found in keratinocytes that

act in the signal transduction process via a integrin and regulate cellular activities such as gene expression and cell proliferation and differentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Difference between orthokeratinization and parakeratinization?

A

Orthokeratinization process by which cells in S. corneum are flat and lose nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles

In parakeratinization the cells keep nuclei, considered incomplete keratinization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are some conditions parakeratinization may be observed in?

A
  1. actinic keratosis
  2. psoriasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What layer of the epidermis are Langerhan’s cells located?

A

in stratum spinosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the embryonic origin of Merkel’s cells?

A

the neural crest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Describe the color of the melanocyte cells?

A

Pale cells with brown granules in them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

How do the melanocytes function?

A

Transfer the melanin to cells in str. Basale & Spinosum via cytoplasmic extensions – CYTOCRINE SECRETION

38
Q

Do the melanocytes have desmosomes?

A

no

39
Q

Color of skin depends on concentration of granules in melanocytes or number of the melanocytes?

A

depends on concentration of granules not on the number of melanocytes.

40
Q

What are langerhans cells? Where are they found? What do they do?

A

Star shaped cells found in epidermis, specially around str. Spinosum and around blood vessels in the papillary dermis.

Present antigens to lymphoid cells in the epidermis and dermis (APC)

41
Q

What are Birbeck’s granules?

A

Racquet shaped granules found in langerhans cells.

42
Q

Where do Langerhan’s cells arise from?

A

bone marrow stem cells

43
Q

Langerhans cells present antigens to what? Would this be considered an adaptive or innate response?

A

T cells in regional lymph nodes – adaptive response

44
Q

Difference between dendritic cells and Langerhans cells? Where are dendrocytes located in the skin?

A

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional APCs that play a crucial role in activating adaptive immune responses. Langerhans cells (LCs) are a subset of immature DCs that reside in the epidermis

Dendrocytes are located in dermis

45
Q

Papillary layer of dermis contains what type of connective tissue?

A

Loose CT

46
Q

Reticular layer of the dermis contains what type of CT?

A

dense irregular

47
Q

What type of connective tissue is found in the hypodermis?

A

loose connective tissue/adipose tissue

48
Q

What is the subcutaneous tissue of the skin also known as?

A

Hypodermis or superficial fascia

49
Q

What type of glands are sebaceous glands?

A

Simple acinar glands (HOLOCRINE GLANDS)

50
Q

What is sebum and what is it secreted from in the skin?

A

Sebum is a complex mixture of triglycerides, waxes, cholesterol & its ester.

sebaceous glands

51
Q

What is the function of sebaceous glands?

A

antibacterial and moisturizing

52
Q

Where are sebaceous glands found in the body?

A

in only areas where there is hairy skin

53
Q

When the sebaceous glands are infected what condition can be caused?

A

acne

54
Q

Function of eccrine sweat glands specifically?

A

excretion: provide a significant excretory route for water and electrolytes.

protection: aids in preserving the skin’s acid mantle, which helps protect the skin from colonisation from bacteria and other pathogenic organisms

55
Q

Secretory portion of the sweat glands has what type of epithelium?

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

56
Q

The excretory portion of the sweat glands contain what type of epithelium?

A

stratified cuboidal epithelium

57
Q

Describe clear cells of the sweat glands.

A

pale cells resting on BM. Secrete watery sweat

58
Q

Describe dark (mucoid) cells of the sweat glands.

A

few, pyramidal cells contain granules of glycoproteins

59
Q

Describe myoepithelial cells of the sweat glands.

A

contractile cells located at BM

60
Q

Describe duct cells of the sweat glands.

A

– stratified cuboidal, cells smaller & darker. Absorb NaCl & glycoproteins.

61
Q

Secretions of the sweat glands include what? (merocrine) (What do they secrete?)

A

NaCl, ammonia, urea & uric acid.

62
Q

Are secretions of the sweat gland hypertonic or hypotonic?

A

hypotonic

63
Q

What are the functions of the sweat glands?

A

thermoregulation and waste secretion

63
Q

What are the functions of the sweat glands?

A

thermoregulation and waste secretion

64
Q

Where are the apocrine sweat glands typically located?

A

axillary, anal & areolar regions of the body

65
Q

Where do the apocrine sweat glands secrete sweat into?

A

hair follicle

66
Q

What are the secretory substance that come from apocrine sweat glands?

A

proteins, carbs, lipids

67
Q

Bacteria act on lipids from apocrine sweat glands to produce what?

A

produce odoriferous compounds. (Pheromones)

68
Q

When do apocrine sweat glands become functional?

A

at puberty

69
Q

Apocrine sweat glands are under what type of autonomic control?

A

adrenergic sympathetic control

70
Q

What do apocrine sweat gland respond to? (Heat or emotional and sensory stimuli?)

A

emotional and ssensory

71
Q

The bulb of the hair follicle sits in what tissue layer of the skin?

A

subcutaneous (adipose fat) tissue layer

72
Q

What is the hair papilla?

A

projection of dermis into center of the bulb

73
Q

BE able to differentiate between 1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree burns.

A

View Chart

73
Q

BE able to differentiate between 1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree burns.

A

View chart

74
Q

Describe nail root.

A

buried in fold of epidermis
and covers cells of germinative zone

75
Q

Describe nail matrix.

A

cells of matrix divide regularly
migrate toward root
Differentiate
produce keratin of nail

76
Q

What parts of the skin is the nail bed continuous with?

A

stratum basale and stratum spinosum of epidermis

77
Q

Function of free nerve endings.

A

basic sensations like pain, touch, temp & pressure

78
Q

Functions of Merkel’s discs?

A

sense pressure and touch

79
Q

What layers of the skin can Merkel’s discs be found in?

A

epidermis and dermis

80
Q

Where can Meissners corpuscles be found?

A

dermal papillae?

81
Q

What are the functions of the Meissner’s corpuscles?

A

two point or discriminative touch

82
Q

What is the function of the Pacinian corpuscle?

A

pressure, touch and vibration

83
Q

What is the purpose of the Ruffini’s sensory receptor?

A

pressure and touch

84
Q

Where are the Ruffini’s sensory receptors found?

A

dermis, hypodermis and joint capsules

85
Q

What is the purpose of Krause end bulbs?

A

receptors for cold

86
Q

What is the purpose of the muscle spindle?

A

change in muscle length

87
Q

What is the purpose of the Golgi tendon organ?

A

Responds to muscle tension

88
Q

Label these sensory receptors.

A

Label

SD IV: Block 3 Week 1 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions