Dermatopathology 02 Flashcards
Excoriation
traumatic lesion breaking the epidermis and causing a raw linear area (.3., deep scratch); often self-induced
Lichenification
Thickened, rough skin (similar to a lichen on a rock); usually the result of repeated rubbing
Macule, Patch
Circumscribed, flat lesion distinguished from surrounding skin by color. Macules are 5 mm in diameter or less, patches are greater than 5 mm.
Onycholysis
separation of nail plate from nail bed
Papule, Nodule
elected dome-shaped or flat topped lesion. Papules are 5 mm or less across, while nodules are greater than 5 mm in size.
Plaque
Elevated flat-topped lesion, usually greater than 5 mm across (may be caused by coalescent papules)
Pustule
Discrete, pus-filled, raised lesion
Scale
Dry, horny, platelike excrescence; usually the result of imperfect cornification
Vesicle, Bulla, Blister
Fluid-filled raised lesion 5 mm or less across (vesicle) or greater than 5 mm across (bulla). Blister is the common term for either.
Wheal
Itchy, transient, elevated lesion with variable blanching and erythema formed as the result of dermal edema
Compare macules, papules, and nodules.
Macules are pigmented or erythematous flat lesions on the epidermis while
Papules are peaked or dome-shaped (surface elevation <5mm in diameter )
Nodules elevated dome shaped lesion (>5mm in diameter)
The size is what sets papules and nodules apart Macules are flat lesions and distinguishable from surrounding skin color.
Acanthosis
diffuse epidermal hyperplasia
Dyskeratosis
Abnormal, premature keratinization within cells below the stratum granulosum
Erosion
Discontinuity of the skin showing incomplete loss of epidermis
Exocytosis
Infiltration of the epidermis by inflammatory cells
Hydronic swelling (ballooning).
Intracellular edema of keratinocytes, often seen in viral infections
Hypergranulosis
Hyperplasia of the stratum granulosujm, often due to intense rubbing
Hyperkeratosis
Thickening of the stratum corneum, often associated with a qualitative abnormality of he keratin
Lentiginous
A linear pattern of melanocyte proliferation within the epidermal basal cell layer
Papillomatosis
Surface elevation caused by hyperplasia and enlargement of contiguous dermal papillae
Parakeratosis
keratinization with retained nuclei in the stratum corneum. On mucous membranes, parakeratosis is normal
Spongiosis
intercellular edema of the epidermis
Ulceration
Discontinuity of the skin showing complete loss of the epidermis revealing dermis or subcutis
Vacuolization
formation of vacuoles within or adjacent to cells; often refers to basal cell-basement membrane zone area
How do you perform a SPT?
skin prick test
Should be first test to determine allergy sensitivity
Both major and minor determinants are used
A sterile needle injects patient with allergen then wait 15-20 min to read.
A positive test is when the wheal size ≥ 3 mm than negative control
What is a skin prick test?
most sensitive test for allergies
How do you perform an intradermal skin test?
Performed only if skin prick test is negative
May induce systemic rxns
Its more sensitive than a skin prick test
Positive when wheal size is ≥ 4 mm than control
What is being seen in both images and what is the condition?
On left Auzpitz sign and silvery scales on psoriatic patient
ON right Monroe abscesses
What is being seen in this image and what is the diagnosis?
On left Auzpitz sign and silvery scales
On right Munroe Abscesses
psoriatic patient
What is being seen in this image and what is the suspected condition?
spongiform pustules of Kogoj
Psoriasis
What is the condition being seen in this image?
Ichtyhyosis
