Histology II: Urinary system Flashcards
What parts does the urinary system consist of?
paired kidneys;
paired ureters,
urinary bladder;
and the urethra
Kidney 3 main/basic functions?
conserve body fluid and electrolytes
remove metabolic waste
endocrine organ
What type of organ is the kidney classified as?
compact organ
Kidney surface covered by?
fibrous connective tissue capsule
What structure can be found on the medial renal border through which the renal vessels and nerve pass?
renal hilum
What is the funnel-shaped origin of the ureter called?
the renal pelvis
Renal parenchyma divided into what main parts?
renal cortex and medulla
The cortex consists of?
renal corpuscles
convoluted and straight tubules of the nephron,
the collecting tubules,
collecting ducts
Basic functional unit of the kidney?
nephron
Describe the renal corpuscles.
spherical structures, that constitute the beginning segment of the nephron and contain the unique capillary network called the glomerulus.
The cortex of the kidney reveals a series of vertical striations that appear to emanate from the medulla. What are these?
medullary rays
Each medullary ray is..?
an aggregation of straight tubules of nephrons, and collecting ducts.
The regions between medullary rays contain?
the renal corpuscles, the convoluted tubules of the nephron and the collecting tubules.
The medulla is characterized by..?
straight tubules,
collecting ducts, and
a special capillary network, the vasa recta.
Which structures continue between the cortex and the medulla?
The straight tubules and
collecting ducts of the nephron
What is the medullary capillary network called?
the vasa recta
What exactly are referred to as the pyramids of the kidney?
The pyramids consisting of tubules that form a number of conical structures.
How’re the pyramids situated in the kidney?
The bases of the pyramids face the cortex and the apices face the hilum.
What forms the renal columns?
The caps of the cortical tissue that lie over the pyramids and extend peripherally around the lateral portions of the pyramids, forming the renal columns.
What is a renal papilla?
are part of the medulla,
the apical portion of the renal pyramid.
Where are the renal papillas situated?
they project toward the hilus into the minor calyces
What are the cup-shaped structures that extend the renal pelvis?
calyces
sg. calyx
What are the minor calyces?
branches of the two or three major calyces that run in the major divisions of the renal pelvis.
What constitutes a lobe of the kidney?
Each medullary pyramid, associated cortical tissue at its base and sides, a collecting duct and all the nephrons that it drains - constitute a lobe.
What does a nephron consist of?
a renal corpuscle and, a cortical and medullary tubular system
What parts does the renal corpuscle consist of?
the glomerulus
the surrounding visceral and parietal epithelial layers of Bowman`s capsule.
What is the urinary space of the renal corpuscle?
The space between visceral and parietal layers of Bowman`s capsule is called the urinary space.
Name Bowman’s capsule’s poles.
vascular pole and tubular pole
Describe the vascular pole of Bowman’s capsule.
is the site at which afferent arterioles enter and efferent arterioles leave.
Describe the tubular pole of Bowman’s capsule.
is the beginning of the tubular system of the nephron.
What is the glomerulus?
a complex network of capillaries
What is the first portion of tube leaving Bowman’s capsule?
Proximal convoluted tubule and proximal straight tubule.
What is the “middle” portion of the nephronic tubule?
loop of Henle
What is the last portion of the nephronic tubule?
distal straight tubule and distal convoluted tubule.
What is the distal convoluted tubule connected to?
the collecting duct
What comprises the lower urinary tract?
the calyceal collecting system the renal pelvis ureter bladder urethra
What type of epithelium lines the lower urinary tract (except distal urethra) ?
Transitional epithelium lines calyces, ureters, bladder, and the initial segment of the urethra.
The urinary passages contain what muscle layers?
- Smooth muscle inner layer arranged in a loose spiral described as a longitudinal layer.
- layer is arranged in a tight spiral described as a circular layer.
- In the bladder, additional third outer longitudinal layer exists.
