Histology II: special, circulatory and nervous

Question 1

What two main groups is special histology divided into?

Answer 1

Compact (or solid) organs and tubular (or hollow).

Question 2

Another term for “solid” organs?

Answer 2

Parenchymatous organs.

Question 3

What is the thymus?

Answer 3

is a specialized primary lymphoid organ of the immune system.

The thymus gland is in the chest between the lungs.

It makes white blood cells (T lymphocytes).

Question 4

What surrounds a solid organ?

Answer 4

A capsule made of dense connective tissue.

Question 5

Describe the structure of the organ capsule.

Answer 5

Continuous with trabeculae or septa that together form the stroma.

Question 6

Define stroma.

Answer 6

supportive tissue of certain types of organs

consists of dense and loose connective tissue divisions called lobes and lobules

Question 7

Define parenchyma.

Answer 7

The functional tissue making up the specific morphological and functional part of an organ and distinguished from the connective and supporting tissue.

Question 8

What is spleen parenchyma called?

Answer 8

Pulp.

Question 9

Define anatomical “lobe”.

Answer 9

A clear anatomical division or extension of an organ e.g. the hemispheres of the brain, lobes of the lungs and liver, kidneys.

Question 10

Define lobule.

Answer 10

A lobule is a much smaller unit of a lobe, and it’s clear division is only visible using a microscope.

Question 11

In some organs the parenchyma is divided into what two parts?

Answer 11

The outer cortex and the inner medulla.

Question 12

Name 5 organs with an outer cortex and an inner medullary cavity.

Answer 12

Kidneys, adrenal glands, lymph nodes, ovaries, thymus.

Question 13

A gross division of nervous tissue within the brain and spinal cord is what?

Answer 13

White and gray matter.

Question 14

Upon gross inspection, what is a dividing feature of cortex versus medulla?

Answer 14

Cortex is darker, medulla lighter.

Question 15

What is the connective tissue surrounding the testes and ovaries called?

Answer 15

Tunica albuginea.

Question 16

What is the connective tissue surrounding the brain and spinal cord called?

Answer 16

Meninges.

Question 17

What is the connective tissue surrounding cartilage called?

Answer 17

Perichondrium

Question 18

What is the connective tissue surrounding bones called?

Answer 18

Periosteum.

Question 19

What is the connective tissue surrounding muscle fiber bundles called?

Answer 19

Perimysium.

Question 20

What is the connective tissue surrounding nerves called?

Answer 20

Perineurium.

Question 21

Describe the structure of tubular organs simply.

Answer 21

Structural elements/tissues surrounding a central lumen.

Question 22

Give some examples of tubular organs.

Answer 22

Intestinal-, respiratory-, urinary- and genital ducts, blood and lymph vessels.

Question 23

Name for thickest layer of tubular organ wall.

Answer 23

Tunics or coats (tunica).

Question 24

The tunicas of tubular organ walls have sublayers called?

Answer 24

Lamina or stratum.

Question 25

Tubular organ walls consist commonly of how many tunics?

Answer 25

3

Question 26

Name two subtypes of tubular organs.

Answer 26

Organs with connections to outside the body (intestinal- and respiratory canal, genital ducts)

and closed network organs (blood and lymph vessels).

Question 27

Name the 3 main layers of duct-like tubular organs.

Answer 27

Tunica mucosa which commonly consists of 4 layers
Tunica muscularis which consists of two layers
Tunica adventitia or also called serosa

Question 28

Name the 4 sublayers to tunica mucosa.

Answer 28

epithelium
lamina propria mucosae
lamina muscularis
lamina submucosa

Question 29

Name the 3 main layers to closed network tubular organs.

Answer 29

Tunica intima (interna)
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia (externa)

Question 30

Name the 2 SUBlayers to closed network tubular organs.

Answer 30

endothelium

subendothelial layer

Question 31

What does serosa consist of?

Answer 31

Serous membrane that consists of a simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium), and a small amount of underlying connective tissue.

Question 32

What is the main difference between serosa and adventitia?

Answer 32

Serosa covers the organs in the body cavities whereas adventitia attaches the organ to the surrounding tissues.

Question 33

Which part of the digestive tract has no serosa, only adventitia as an outer layer?

Answer 33

The esophagus has adventitia because it is not covered by peritoneum.