Histo I: Epithelial tissue, hematology Flashcards
membranous cellular organelles, name 5
golgi complex, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, peroxisomes
non-membranous cellular organelles, name 4
microfilaments, microtubules, ribosomes, centrioles
special organelles in epithelial tissue cells
tonofibrils
special organelles in muscle tissue cells
myofibrils
special organelles in nervous tissue cells
neurofibrils
trophic cellular inclusions, name 3
proteins, lipids, glycogen
name the two divisions of epithelial tissue
surface epithelium and glandular epithelium
name 4 types of simple epithelium
squamous, cuboidal, columnar and pseudostratified
name 2 types of stratified epithelium
squamous (keratinized and non) and transitional
main characteristic of simple epithelium
all cells lie in contact of basal membrane
main characteristic of stratified epithelium
only basal cells lie on basal membrane
describe simple squamous epithelium
attenuated polygonal (thicker nucleus)
describe simple cuboidal epithelium
single layer cuboidal (nuclei round, apical surface may have microvilli, brush border or cilia )
where is simple squamous epithelium found
endothelium, mesothelium, thin segment of Henle’s loop
where is simple cuboidal epithelium found
proximal and distal tubules of the nephron, ovarian germinate superficial epithelium, pigment epithelium of retina
describe simple columnar epithelium
single layer of tall and slender columnar cells (elongated nuclei, well developed organelles, apical surface may have microvilli, striated border, cilia)
what can simple columnar epithelium be composed of
absorbtive cells, goblet cells, endocrinocytes
where is simple columnar epithelium found
gastrointestinal tract, in small bronchi and bronchioles
describe pseudostratified epithelium
a mix of cells where all rest on the basement membrane but all do not reach free surface
what is pseudostratified epithelium made up of (name 4)
columnar ciliated cells, goblet cells, non-differentiated basal cells, conical interlaced cells
where is pseudostratified epithelium found
respiratory mucosa, nasal cavities, trachea, and large bronchi
describe stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
several layers of cells, only basal cells contact the basement membrane and towards the free surface cells are transformed into “scales”
where is stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium found
oral cavity, esophagus, pharynx
describe stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
multilayer in which only basal cells contact basal lamina and cells overlying basal layer are transformed during keratinization into horny “scales”
where is stratified squamous keratinized epithelium found
epidermis
describe transitional epithelium
multilayered, capable of changing shape with physiological transition
where is transitional epithelium found
renal pelvis, urinary tract and bladder
2 parts of basement membrane
basal lamina and reticular lamina
microvilli main function
absorption
what are stereocilia
very long non-motile microvilli
on what cells do stereocilia occur
columnar epithelial cells
function of stereocilia (2 functions)
increase the absorption surface area of cells and function as mechanoreceptors
main function of glandular epithelium
secretion
what can glands secrete
mucus, enzymes, or hormones
what are secretory cells of the gland are referred to as
parenchyma
connective tissue, which supports the gland is called
stroma
what does stroma do in addition to gland support
blood and nerve supply, lymphatic drainage
name two classifications of glands
exocrine glands with ducts, and endocrine glands without ducts
Life span of epithelial cells
varies from 3 days (intestinal cells) to 90 days (epidermis; usually 4-6 weeks)
what does blood consist of
blood plasma, WBCs/leukocytes, RBCs/erythrocytes, platelets/thrombocytes
Primary plasma proteins
albumin, globulins and fibrinogen
describe erythrocytes
small, disc-shaped cells without nuclei
two main types of leukocytes
granulocytes and agranulocytes
granulocyte subdivisions
eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils
agranulocyte subdivisions
lymphocytes and monocytes
WBC nucleus has several lobules (2-5) interconnected by thinner strands of nuclear material. What cell is it likely to be?
neutrophil
WBC nucleus usually has two lobes, cytoplasm contains large granules. What cell is it likely to be?
eosinophil
WBC nucleus is irregular in shape and may possess more than one lobe, contains large granules. What cell is it likely to be?
basophil
Round nucleus with a thin rim of clear cytoplasm. What cell is it likely to be?
lymphocyte
two main types of lymphocytes
T and B
T cells are involved in what function
cell-mediated immunity
B cells are involved in what function
production of circulating antibodies
WBC with ovoid nucleus, often indented and have abundant cytoplasm. What cell is it likely to be?
monocyte
what is hemopoiesis, erythropoiesis, leukopoiesis, thrombopoiesis
formation of blood cells (hemo-) and different blood cells
where are blood cells formed in an adult
in the red bone marrow (long bones)
basic steps of erythropoiesis
red bone marrow: begins as stem cell, growth, hemoglobin begins appearing in cell, nucleus expelled, new RBC enters circulation as reticulocyte
name 3 different ways to classify exocrine glands
relationship to surface epithelium; number of layers of glandular cells in the secretory portion; shape of secretory end portion
