Histology II: Lecture 10 Flashcards
functions of connective tissues
bind organs together, support, physical protection, immune protection, movement, storage, heat production, transport
properties of connective tissues
cells occupy less space than matrix, not direct contact; ECM plays extensive role in function; varies in vascularity
connective tissue proper cells
fibroblasts, adipocytes, mast cells, phagocytes, immune cells
cartilage tissue
produced by chondroblasts; chondrocytes trapped in lacunae; little innervation and vascularization; relies on perichondrium for nourishment and growth
bone tissue
osteoblasts create osteocytes trapped in lacunae-lacunae connected by canaliculi; matrix deposited in layers (lamellae)
blood tissue
only liquid connective tissue; ground substance=plasma; erythrocytes and leukocytes
types of connective tissue proper
areolar (loose), adipose, reticular, dense regular, dense irregular, dense elastic
types of specialized connective tissue
cartilage, bone, blood
areolar (loose) connective tissue
abundant, vascularized; all cell and fiber tupes
function: support and protection
location: walls of hollow organs
dense regular CT
function: resist predictable tension
location: tendons and ligaments
dense irregular CT
function: resist unpredictable tensions
location: around organs, bones, nerves, and cartilages
dense elastic CT
function: allows tissues and organs to stretch
location: linings of large blood vessels, certain ligaments, heart, stomach
adipose
dominant cell types, highly vascularized, adipocytes
function: store fats, insulation, shock absorption
location: surround heart/abdominal organs
white fat
(adults) adipose accumulate subcutaneously; constantly hydrolyzed and synthesized
brown fat
(infants between shoulder blades) numerous mitochondria, no ATP synthesis, heat only
reticular CT
fibroblasts, reticular fibers
function: internal structure/support
location: spleen and lymph nodes
cartilage
resist tension and compression; tough but flexible; contains a lot of fluid
hyaline cartilage
most abundant, mostly thin collagen fiber; major component of epiphyseal plates
elastic cartilage
rich in elastin fibers, mostly in ear pinnae
fibrocartilage
mostly course bundles of collagen, resist compression
intervertebral discs, knee joint discs
muscle tissue
excitable (response to stimulus), cytoplasm filled with myofilament proteins
features of muscle tissue
myocytes- muscle cells
myofilament- actin/myosin; fill cytoplasm
myofibril- make up myofilaments
endomesium- extracellular matrix
skeletal muscle
long, cylindrical cells, multinucleated, striated, voluntary
cardiac muscle
branching, uni- or bi-nucleated, striated, involuntary
smooth muscle
fusiform cells, uni-nucleated, unstriated, involuntary
nervous tissue
neurons (cell body, axon, dendrites) and neuroglia (support)
organ
two or more tissues that combine for a common structure and function
membrane
thin sheet of one or more tissues that lines a body surface or cavity; most are epithelial tissue resting on a layer of connective tissue
true membranes
serous and synovial; anchors organs, barriers, immunity, secretion
membrane-like structures
mucous and cutaneous; perform some of the true membrane functions
serous membranes
line pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal body cavities; simple squamous layer, basement membrane, connective tissue
parietal and visceral layers surround serous fluid
synovial membranes
line cavities surrounding freely moveable joints;
2 connective tissue layers: inner synoviocytes, outer loose and dense CT
mucous membranes
line surfaces that open to the outside of the body; epithelial, basement membrane, loose connective lamina propria
cutaneous membranes
the skin (largest organ); epidermis and dermis
tissue repair
regeneration or fibrosis to replace damaged tissue cells
regeneration
complete replacement, full functionality
epithelial, most connective, smooth muscle, some PNS nerves
fibrosis
damaged cells replaced by collagen to make dense irregular scar tissue
cardiac and skeletal muscle, CNS nervous tissue, cartilage, liver cells
