Enzymes, Water, Acids & Bases: Lecture 3 Flashcards
types of energy
chemical, electrical, mechanical
endergonic rxns
products have higher energy than reactants; energy input
ie. photosynthesis
exergonic rxns
reactants have higher energy than products; energy output
ie. cellular respiration
parts of a reaction
reactants, intermediates, products
decomposition
AB -> A + B
exchange
AB +CD-> AC + BD
synthesis
A + B -> AB
reversible
reaction moves in both directions
biochemistry
chemistry of life
inorganic: does not contain C-H
organic: contain C-H
required for chemical reaction
- reactants come into physical contact with each other
- reactants overcome the repulsive forces of their electrons
factors that influence rxn rates
concentration, temperature, reactant properties, catalysts
enzymes
biological catalysts, highly specific, reusable
enzymes and temp
increasing temp speeds up rxn, but high temp can destroy the enzyme
enzymes and concentration
-increasing substrate will increase rxn (up to a point)
-increasing product will slow rxn
-increasing [enzyme] will increase enzyme activity (up to a point)
enzymes and pH
enzymes work best at narrow ranges of pH
optimal pH: pH at which enzyme can catalyze best (usually around neutral)
common enzyme deficiencies
Tay-Sachs Disease, Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome (SCIDs), Phenylketonuria
properties of water
heat absorption, water carries heat when it changes from a liquid to a gas, cushions, acts as a lubricant
water as a solvent
able to dissolve hydrophilic solutes; keeps ions dissociated
acids
proton donors; ionize and dissociate in water- release H+
bases
proton acceptors; release OH- ions into solution
pH of solutions
describes the concentration of H+ ions in a solution
pH scale
negative logarithm
higher [H+] = lower pH= more acidic
lower [H+] = higher pH= more alkaline
pH buffer
molecules that prevent rapid shifts in pH; made of weak acids and bases
blood pH
6-7: death
7-7.35: acidosis
7.35-7.45: normal
7.45-7.8: alkalosis
7.8-9: death
pH indicators
litmus paper, pH paper, cabbage juice
law of mass action
the rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of reacting substances
