Histology AP100 Flashcards
a group of similar cells that function together
Tissue
the study of tissues
Histology
Outer germ layer
Ectoderm
Middle germ layer
mesoderm
inner germ layer
endoderm
superficial lining of skin and some internal organs
covering and lining epithelium
the secreting portion of glands (both endocrine and exocrine)
Glandular epithelium
single layer of cells
simple epithelial tissue
single layer of flattened cells with oval nuclei, adapted for diffusion, filtration and osmosis
simple squamous epithelium
square-shaped cells with round nuclei, adapted for secretion and absorption
simple cuboidal epithelium
rectangular cells with oval nuclei, adapted for secretion and absorption
simple columnar epithelium
2 or more layers of cells
stratified epithelial tissue
underlying cells may be cuboidal or columnar in shape but the top layer is squamous, adapted for protection
stratified squamous epithelium
variable appearance ranging from stratified squamous to stratified cuboidal,
transitional epithelium
found in upper respiratory tract
* cells either secrete mucus (goblet cells) or bear cilia
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial
lines ducts of larger glands, epididymis and part of male urethra
* do not contain goblet cells or have cilia
pseudostratified nonciliated columnar epithelial
Most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body
Connective tissue
Function in secretion of substances
Glandular Epithelium
Secrete substance into the extracellular fluid and then into the blood
“ductless”
secretions are hormones
Endocrine glands
Secrete substance into a duct or onto the free surface
Exocrine glands
most common type of exocrine gland
i.e salivary glands, pancreas
Merocrine gland (mero= part/partial)
secrete the matrix which is a characteristic of a specific tissue type
immature cells or “Blasts”
immature cells become mature cells or _____ once the matrix is produced
cytes
secrete the molecules that form the matrix.
Fibroblasts
develop when “monocytes”
big eaters
macrophages (white blood cell)
part of immune system; secretes antibodies
plasma cells (white blood cell)
involved in the anti-inflammatory response
mast cells
fat cells
apidocytes
migrate to connective tissue to combat pathogens
neutrophils (white blood cell)
consists of fibres embedded in the ground substance
matrix
connective tissue between fibres and cells
holds water within tissues
ground substance
provide strength and support for tissues
Fibres
highest most abundant protein in body
type I collagen
- found in abundance in skin, blood vessel walls, bladder wall and lung tissue
elastic fibres
a genetic disorder of faulty elastic fiber production so tissues high in elastic fiber are
weak
Marfan’s syndrome
consist of single collagen molecule (type IV collagen)
form the “stroma” (structure, framework) of soft organs: lymph nodes, spleen, liver
Reticular fibers
loosely woven fibres with many cells
Loose connective Tissue
Fat tissue, white/brown fat
adipose tissue
Contains more fibres and fewer cells than loose connective tissue
Dense connective tissue
dense network of collagen/elastic fibres
Cartilage
most abundant cartilage, found on the ends of long bone
Hyaline cartilage
3 types of epithelial membranes
Mucous membranes (mucosa)
serous membranes (serosa)
Cutaneous membrane (skin)
name 4 types of tissue and one function
epithelial: covering and lining
connective: binds structures together
nervous: produces electrical impulses for communication
muscle: Contract to produce mvmt
