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Principles > Histology - Anatomy of Cell > Flashcards

Histology - Anatomy of Cell Flashcards

1
Q

4 components of eukaryotic cells

A

outer membrane
inner cytosol (proteins, electrolytes, carbohys)
cytoskeleton
membrane bound organelles

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2
Q

what is cytoskeleton made from, what does it determine

A

filaments and microtubules

determine shape add fluidity of cells

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3
Q

plasmalemma is the phospholipid biilayer, this separates

A

cytoplasm from outside environment

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4
Q

t/f phospholipid bilayer consists of a hydrophilic tail at centre and a hydrophobic head at outer surface

A

false

hydrophilic head at outer
hydrophobic tail at centre

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5
Q

characteristics of the plasmalemma

A

integral proteins
embedded cholesterol
exo/endocytose material
selectively permeable

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6
Q

the cytoplasm consists of a mitochondria, rough ER, smooth ER, Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes and a nucleus. Explain function of each

A 
`mitochondria - energy 
rough ER - proteins
smooth ER - cholesterol/lipids 
Golgi - modifying/packaging secretions 
Lysosomes - intracellular digestion 
Nucleus - genetic code
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7
Q

cytoskeleton composes of microfilaments, intermediate fiilaments and microtubules, what does each consist of

A

microfilaments - actin
intermediates - proteins
microtubules - tubulin

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8
Q

t/f dyneiin and kinesin attach to actin and move along

A

false - attach to microtubules (tubulin)

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9
Q

where is the site of RNA synthesis

A

nucleus

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10
Q

ribosomes are formed in nucleus, what is their function

A

catalyses formation of peptide bonds ##

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11
Q

characteristics of rough ER

A

studded with ribosomes (protein synthesis)

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12
Q

t/f smooth ER continues processing of protein

A

true

also site of lipid symthesis

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13
Q

where is cisternae found

A

golgi apparatus

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14
Q

t/f some proteins/lipids synthesised in mitochondria

A

true

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15
Q

occluding junctions is also known as tight junctions and is one of the 3 intracellular junctions. What does it links form

A

diffusion barrier

preventing diffusion

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16
Q

adherent junctions are anchors and provide mechanical strength. What do they link

A

submembrane actin of adjacent cells

17
Q

cadherin molecules bind to what (2) (anchors)

A

themselves and to actin of cytoskeleton

18
Q

how do desmosomes form anchor junctions

A

submembrane intermediate filaments of adjaceents cells

19
Q

name of link for submembrane intermediate filaments of cells to extracelllular matrix through transmembrane proteins

A

Hemidesmosomes

20
Q

epithelium all have a basal lamina, what is this

A

attachment area (permeability area in glomerulus function)

21
Q

epithelium can be described as either squamous, cuboidal, columnar. explain structure of each

A

squamous - flattened
cuboidal - cube
columnar - tall, thin

22
Q

the layers of epithelium can be classified as either simple, stratified, or pseudostratified. Explain each

A

simple - one layer
stratified - 2+ layers
pseudostratified - tissue has multiple layers but all cells in contact with basal lamina

23
Q

depending on tissue, there may be specialisations on the cell surface of epithelium. give 3 examples and what they are

A

microvilli - protrustions, incr surface area
cilia - hair, sweeps
keratinised - fibrous structural protein, protection

24
Q

specialised cells may be present. In the lower respiratory travt what specialised cells are located

A

goblet cells

25
Q

glandular epithelia has both endocrine and exocrine secretion. What direction does each secrete, and describe glands

A

endocrine - towards basal end
ductless glands
(distributed by vascular)

exocrine - towards apical
ducted glands

26
Q

hyaline is a type of cartilage. Where is this located

A

tracheal rings
costal cartilage
epiphyseal growth plates
articular surface

27
Q

bone consists of an outer shell of cortical bone, making the shaft, and the cancellous bone which occupies each end. Name for each

A

diaphysis

epiphyses

28
Q

how is force created in muscle

A

movement of actin over myosin fibres

29
Q

difference between smooth and cardiac muscle

A

smooth - non-striated

cardiac - striated

both involuntary

30
Q

which type of muscle have intercalated discs whihc contain mulltiple intracellular junctions to maintain mechanical integrity

A

cardiac

31
Q

name for connective tissue coating of neurones in CNS/PNS

A

CNS - meninges

PNS - epineurium

32
Q

function of astrocytes in nervous tissue

A

ion transport

33
Q

shwann cells (PNS) and oligodendrocytes produce

A

myelin

schwann cells also support axons

34
Q

microglia are the

A

primary immune cells of brain (like macrophages)

35
Q

function of glial cells

A

provide support for neurones

produce myelin

Principles (9 decks)

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