Antibiotics

Question 1

bactericidal

Answer 1

kills bacteria

Question 2

bacteriostatic

Answer 2

inhibits bacterial growth

Question 3

narrow spectrum antibiotic

broad spectrum antibiotic

Answer 3

penicillin

tetracycline

Question 4

vancomycin is a glycopeptide, how does it work

Answer 4

attacks cell wall

Question 5

3 examples of antibiotics which work on the cell wall

Answer 5

penicillin
cephalosporins (ceftriaxone)
glycopeptides (tetracycline)

Question 6

t/f gram -ve organisms have a thick layer of peptidoglycan and a single phospholipid bilayer

Answer 6

false

gram +ve do

Question 7

which type of organism has two phospholipid bilayers and a thin layer of peptidoglycan

Answer 7

gram negatives

Question 8

how does penicillin work

Answer 8

inhibits cell wall synthesis by preventing cross-linking of peptidoglycan subunits

Question 9

t/f penicllin is bacteriostatic

Answer 9

false

bacteriocidal

Question 10

3 examples of penicillins

Answer 10

flucloxacillin
co-amoxiclav
amoxicillin

Question 11

when would flucloxacillin be used

Answer 11

skin and soft tissue infection
wound infection
cellulitis

Question 12

penicillin is a beta-lactam antibiotic, what is this

Answer 12

broad spectrum antibiotics which contain a beta-lactam ring

cephalosporins also example

Question 13

which antibiotic bind to end of growing chain, prevents cross-linking and weakens bacterial cell wall

Answer 13

glycopeptides

Question 14

t/f glycopeptides are only active against organisms with gram +ve cell walls

Answer 14

true

Question 15

why is there a limited use of cephalosporins in hospital

Answer 15

may induce clostridum difficile infection

Question 16

ceftriaxone is what type of antibiotic

Answer 16

cephalosporins

Question 17

cephalosporins work by

Answer 17

inhibiting cell wall synthesis

Question 18

example of a glycopeptide

Answer 18

vancomycin

Question 19

how do glycopeptides work

Answer 19

binds to end of growing chain, prevents cross-linking and weakens bacterial cell wall

Question 20

t/f vancomycin can damage liver

Answer 20

false -excreted in urine

may damage kidneys

Question 21

macroslidfes, tetracyclines and aminoglycosides are antibiotics which

Answer 21

inhibit protein synthesis

Question 22

doxycycline is an example of

Answer 22

a tetracycline

Question 23

erythromycin, clarithromycin and gentamicin are examples of

Answer 23

trick question

erythromycin and clarith belong to macroslides, gentamicin beelongs to aminoglycosides

Question 24

if the drug ends in mycin, what is like likely to be

Answer 24

a macroslide

Question 25

out of the antibiotics which inhibit protein synthesis, which ones are bacteriostatic/cidal

Answer 25

bacteriostatic - macroslides and tetracyline

cidal - aminoglycosides

Question 26

where do antibiotics which inhibit protein synthesis attach to the organism?

Answer 26

at the bacterial ribosomes

Question 27

disadvantages of using doxycycline

Answer 27

can destruct intestinal flora, leading to 2ndary infections
can permanently stain teeth of children <12yrs

Question 28

which antibiotic is useful if it seems the infection can ‘hide’ from immune system? what aspect allows it to be effective

Answer 28

macroslides

lipophilic and pass through cell membranes easily

Question 29

which antibiotic is bactericidal yet mainly active against gram -ve aerobic organisms

Answer 29

aminoglycosides

Question 30

disadvantages of aminoglycosides (gentamicin)

Answer 30

kidney damage

damage of CN VIII (vestibulocochlear)

Question 31

what would suggest there has been damage to a cranial nerve from using an antibiotic

Answer 31

acute symptoms of deafness and dizziness

Question 32

t/f aminoglycosides exctreted via biliary tract

Answer 32

false

excreted via kidneys

Question 33

t/f doxycycline excreted via kidneys

Answer 33

false

cycline = tetracycline, these are excreted using the biliary tract

Question 34

3 examples of drugs which act on Bacterial DNA

Answer 34

metronidazole
floroquinolones
timethoprim

Question 35

which antibiotic causes strand breakage in DNA

Answer 35

metronidazole

Question 36

t/f timethoprim interacts with alcohol

Answer 36

false

metronidazole interacts with alcohol

Question 37

which antibiotic is used to treat true anaerobic infections

Answer 37

metonidazole

Question 38

t/f trimethoprim is active against both gram+/- organisms

Answer 38

true

Question 39

trimethoprim works by

Answer 39

inhibiting folic acid synthesis

Question 40

why would inhibiting folic acid synthesis be an effective target for antibiotics

Answer 40

folic acids are required for amino acids

Question 41

ciplrofloxacin and levofloxacin are examples of

Answer 41

floroquinolones

Question 42

how do fluroquinolones work

Answer 42

inhibits supercoiling of DNA

Question 43

adverse effects of fluroquinolones 3

Answer 43

c.diff
weakens tendons
causes seizures

Question 44

how is fluoroquinolone excreted

Answer 44

urine

Question 45

t/f nausa, vomiting and diarrhoea are side effects of all antibiotics which target protein synthesis

Answer 45

false

side effect of all due to disrupting gut flora

Question 46

which antibiotic may cause tendonitis

Answer 46

ciprofloxacin

Question 47

bacterial resistance can occur due to

Answer 47

suboptimal dosage

Question 48

5 drugs that should be avoided if pregnant

Answer 48

trimethoprim 
metranidazole 
gentamicin
tetracycline 
fluoroquinolones

Question 49

3 ways antibiotic resistance can occur

Answer 49

• change in bacterial DNA leads to a change in the gene, and so antibiotic has wrong target
• bacteria codes enzymes which deactivate/degrade drug
• efflux pumps drug out of cell, genetic change may cause increase in efflux